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Recertification of professional competence. American Board of Ophthalmology.

Recognizing the steady expansion of medical knowledge, the societal desire to ensure the best possible medical care, and governmental concern for verification of physician competence, the American Board of Ophthalmology is preparing to offer a voluntary recertification program for Diplomates of the Board who wish to establish current professional competence. Pertinent to this program, consideration is given to the rationale for periodic recertification, relevant actions by representative specialty boards and the American Board of Medical Specialties, and fuidelines for development of a recertification process by the American Board of Ophthalmology. These guidelines are set forth to provide a basis for study and evaluation by all interested parties. By thoughtful, broadly based, and coordinated consideration, policies will evolve to serve concurrently the best interest of the general public and of the ophthalmic profession.

Certification↗
PubMed1977

Reexamination/recertification: measurement of professional competence and relation to quality of medical care.

Over the past half decade, there has been an increment in forces moving the profession toward recertification and a decrement in the restraining forces. The whole process will be catalyzed by available funding through grants to implement continuing medical education, development of performance-, and competency-based assessment measures and recertification. Specialty boards serving relatively small numbers of candidates have serious difficulty funding certification, to say nothing of recertification. An adequate mechanism to implement recertification can emerge only from the profession itself, working through the American Board of Medical Specialties and specialty boards. The means to discharge this responsibility should, at the outset, come from public and private sources. Eventually the system may become self-supporting through evaluation and certification fees. The public interest will be best served when there are adequate mechanisms to assess continuing competence of all physicians. As a minimum, there must be a system to guard against incompetence through obsolescence of any of the practicing professionals.

Certification↗
PubMed1992

Nursing in Nazi Germany.

German nursing did indeed change during the Nazi period. There were external changes, in terms of the improved social status of nursing, the tightening and unification of professional nursing organizations, the laws affecting nursing, and the politicization of the profession. Articles written by nurses at the time and more recent interviews suggest that there were internal changes as well. It appears that at least a portion of German nurses accepted the National Socialism reinterpretation of professional nursing ethics and humanitarian principles in the assumption that through their obedience they were doing good. This historical research points to clear lessons for contemporary nurses. Nurses in Nazi Germany were under the illusion that they were remaining true to their professional ethics, unaffected by the social change around them. This apolitical professional consciousness made it possible for the profession to be subsumed as a part of the larger political system. I believe that we must be clear that nursing never takes place in a value-free, neutral context; it is always a socially significant force. This means that we cannot simply observe what is taking place around us but must take a stand and get involved, helping to shape sociopolitical developments. I also believe that we must deal with the history of our profession, especially its darkest hours, so that we may remain sensitive to any signs of inhumanity. We must call into question traditional principles, such as obedience, and replace them with professional competence, professionalism, and creative self-consciousness. And not least, we have a moral obligation to the millions of victims of National Socialism, even if it only means that, through historical research, we assure that they are not forgotten. By taking responsibility for this part of our history, we can become more sensitive for the future, with eyes and ears open for all social injustices.

Complicity↗