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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mobility, strength, and fitness after a graded activity program for patients with subacute low back pain. A randomized prospective clinical study with a behavioral therapy approach.

Patients with nonspecific mechanical low back pain (n = 103), examined by an orthopaedic surgeon and a social worker, were randomized to an activity group (n = 51) and a control group (n = 52). Patients with defined orthopaedic, medical, or psychiatric diagnoses were excluded before randomization. No patients were excluded due to place of birth or difficulties in speaking or understanding the Swedish language. The purpose of the study was to compare mobility, strength and fitness after traditional care and after traditional care plus a graded activity program with a behavioral therapy approach. A graded activity program, with a behavioral therapy approach was given under the guidance of a physical therapist. The endpoint of the graded activity program was return to work. This program significantly increased mobility, strength, and fitness more than could be explained by only a time recovery effect, especially in males. The patients in the activity group returned to work earlier than did the patients in the control group. Spinal rotation, abdominal muscle endurance time and lifting capacity were significantly correlated to rate of return to work. Traditional care plus a graded activity program were superior to only traditional care, evaluated in terms of mobility, strength and fitness. The graded activity program proved to be a successful method of restoring occupational function and facilitating return to work in subacute low back pain patients. The patients in the graded activity program learned that it is safe to move, while regaining function.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A measurement of attitudes about an activity program.

Staff and patient attitudes about an activity program were measured to highlight problems that existed in a paritcular milieu. Statements concerning the rationale for this activity program were compared to determine the similarities and differences between staff and patient perceptions of the program. To create a more therapeutic milieu, suggestions for openness and sharing were made based on the results of the attitude study. Their implementation would require staff and patients to interact on a more nearly equal basis. Such an approach is a bias toward the Maxwell Jones philosophy of therapeutic milieu, the direction in which the ward staff of this study wanted to go. This paper offers a way for the staff to reach their goal and suggests several paths they might take. The attitude questionnaire method used in this study might be a useful tool for those who are studying the therapeutic aspects of ward milieu.

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

Attitudes to increased involvement of relatives in the care of cancer patients. Evaluation of an activation program.

The present study explored whether an "activation program" for relatives of cancer patients increases the frequency and duration of the relatives' visits at the hospital. It also explored the willingness of relatives to participate in patient care at the hospital and at home. Similarly, the patients' willingness to contribute to this process was examined. Relatives offered an activation program were compared by interview with relatives subjected to a routine program. Interviews were repeated at intervals of 3-4 weeks. The attitude of 67 relatives (31 in the activation group and 36 in the comparison group) were examined twice during the patient's treatment period. Of these relatives, a subgroup of 42 (22 in the activation group and 20 in the comparison group) experienced the death of the patient during the study period. At the time of the last interview, there was a difference between the groups in relatives' willingness to care for the patient at home. Contrary to expectations, more of the relatives (of all patients receiving treatment as well as the subgroup of patients who died) in the activation group were "completely unwilling" to care for the patient at home (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively).

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

Family planning program activity and patient enrollment rates in the United States, 1969 and 1971.

The effects of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, health care, and family planning program activity on patient enrollment rates are estimated for 1969 and 1971. Two program activity variables (agencies and clinic locations) have significant, positive net effects in both years. The effect of agencies changed little between 1969 and 1971, and it is the strongest effect in both years. The effect of clinic locations more than doubled between 1969 and 1971, partly due to increased demand. The direct effects of the demographic, socioeconomic, and health care variables are not large, but many of the demographic and socioeconomic variables have substantial indirect effects via health care program activity.

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Programmed activation of T-lymphocytes. A theoretical basis for short term treatment of AIDS with azidothymidine.

When its T-lymphocyte host cell is activated, the latent (DNA) form of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is activated to produce RNA copies which are liberated as virus particles from the cell. In this process the cell is destroyed together with the latent virus. If administered at this time, 3'-azidothymidine (AZT) would specifically prevent the liberated RNA copies replicating and establishing latency in new host cells. The RNA copies would then be degraded by viral or host ribonucleases. Thus, one DNA copy of HIV and its RNA progeny would be eliminated from the body. However, many DNA copies of HIV would remain in other cells. The main problem of therapy with AZT is that activation of host cells to become permissive for production of virus is random in time. Activation depends on chance encounters of an infected person with the particular foreign antigens to which individual T-cells bearing latent HIV can specifically respond. It is primarily for this reason that AZT must be administered continuously. If all T-cell could be polyclonally stimulated at one time, all HIV-bearing T-cells would be destroyed and concomitant administration of AZT for a short term would prevent the replication of all liberated viruses. Unlike most renewable 'end' cells in the body, the maturation of T cells involves processes of positive and negative selection. To preserve the 'educated' T-cell population, T-cell renewal occurs at the end cell, rather than at the stem cell level. It is possible that normal physiological signals concerned with this homeostatic regulation of T-lymphocyte population size could be harnessed to produce synchronous activation of all T-lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha has some of the properties expected of a postulated polyclonal activator needed for this programmed activation of T-lymphocytes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Physical activity program during working hours among industrial workers in Israel].

During 1984-1985, 540 employees of 2 pharmaceutical factories of the Teva concern participated in a physical activity program. To evaluate its effects on employees' health, the participants were randomly divided into 2 groups of equal size. The test group participated in regular physical exercise before lunch for 15 minutes, 5 days a week. The controls played social games for the same time periods while seated. The physical activity program included stretching, relaxing, and aerobic exercises. The program was carried out by employees who had been trained to be instructors by the researchers and were supervised by a professional teacher. During the 7 months of the study, adherence was about 90%. The results in test and control groups were determined by questionnaires. After 7 months, the test group clearly showed increased interest in sports activities, increased job satisfaction and work efficiency, and decreased fatigue during work.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed1977

Effects of a developmental physical activity program on children's body coordination and self-concept.

Significant increases in body coordination, little change in self-concept, and moderate negative correlations between these variables were found after 12 children participated in an 8-wk. developmental physical activity program. Apparently, while body coordination might be improved by participation in activity programs of short duration, these improvements may not necessarily be accompanied by increases in self-concept.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of participation in a school-based anti-tobacco activism program.

This study investigated the predictors of participation in a school-based, anti-tobacco activism program. Subjects in this study consisted of 7th grade students participating in the intervention component of Project S.H.O.U.T., a tobacco use prevention program in San Diego County, California. In the activism component, a newsletter containing an activism contest was distributed to each student. Small prizes were awarded to contest winners at each school. "Activism" included letter and petition writing, anti-tobacco poster contests, merchant education, peer surveys and magazine subscription cards. A total of 170 students participated in the activities, with 81.1 percent participating two or more times. Of those who participated, 59 percent were female and 60 percent were White, non-Hispanic. Two sets of logistic analyses were conducted. Variables such as SES, gender, ethnicity, friends' tobacco use and parental tobacco use were used to predict participation in activism activities. The choice of variables was intended to provide information regarding activism participation in reference to known tobacco risk factors. Results of the first analysis indicated that students with a higher SES, and in an urban vs. rural location were more likely to participate in the activism activities. The second analysis used the same set of characteristics to predict "ever-use" of tobacco. Results of this analysis indicated that male gender, low grades, White, non-Hispanic ethnicity, friends' and parents' tobacco use were positively associated with tobacco experimentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Comparative neuropsychological study of the changes in different programmed activities in subjects with frontal or retro-rolandic lesions or with Huntington's chorea.

Eaily performed tests for showing alterations in organization of programmed activities were given to 20 patients with frontal lesions, 23 with retro-rolandic lesions and 17 with Huntington's Chorea. Normal scores were determined in a group of 24 patients without any symptoms of cerebral pathology. The results showed that frontally lesioned patients and those with Huntington's Chorea have similar patterns of disorganization in reproduction of gestures, drawing and rhythmic sound sequences. The data seem to indicate that a major difficulty of these patients lies in faulty "recall" of the original model. Retrorolandic patients do not show this difference in response to the differents tests, but have problems in simultaneous organization of visual and auditory information. These results support the hypothesis of LURIA that the frontal lobes regulate programmed motor activity.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Report of dental society program activity regarding liaison with dental assisting, hygiene, and laboratory technology organizations. Council on Dental Practice.

With underlying changes in population demographics and dental practice patterns, as discussed in the joint report (Reports 1988: 117), there appears to be an increased need to continue to monitor and develop activities related to dental staff manpower. Results of this liaison survey can be used to assist in that manpower planning. It can be seen from these survey responses that constituent and component dental societies are logically dividing the program activities among the ADA, state, and local groups. For example, ADA and national resources are available for overall problem identification and membership surveys. States are primarily conducting committee meetings with organizations, publishing articles and presenting seminars. Activities such as health fairs and scholarship programs are easily developed and conducted locally. States are urged to communicate freely with local and ADA organizations to ensure that duplication of activities and resources is minimized.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of attitudes and exercise habits of alumni from colleges with varying degrees of physical education activity programs.

A survey of alumni attitudes about their college physical education activity (PEA) program and current exercise habits was sent to a representative sample (N = 3169) of alumni who had graduated between 1970 and 1984 from four private colleges. The percent returned was 48, 31, 43, and 41 from Colleges A-D, respectively. Three of the four colleges had required PEA programs. College A had an eight-credit-hour requirement, College B required four credit-hours, College C required two credits, and College D did not have a PEA requirement. Results indicated a significant difference among the four colleges in the alumni's perceived value of their college PEA program in terms of its contribution to their knowledge about fitness, attitude towards fitness, and current exercise habits. Additionally, alumni differed in their perception of the health value of exercise and in their frequency of weekly exercise. When alumni exercise behaviors were quantified by aerobic points and classified according to type of activity, no statistically significant differences were found. The conclusion of the study was that the attitudes and exercise behaviors of alumni are related to the type of college PEA requirement; however, aerobic points earned are not affected. Students graduating from colleges with higher PEA requirements demonstrate more positive exercise attitudes and behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Integration of AIDS program activities into national health systems.

In this paper we have defined integration as being the health unit team acceptance of responsibility for all aspects of care at the health service/community interface level. The health unit functions within a system whose elements (hospitals, laboratory, pharmacy, etc.) function in complementarity with those of the FLHS. Vertical approaches are often adopted because of weaknesses in some elements of the NHS, thereby further undermining such an NHS. The development of innovative community-based approaches in some areas and countries has resulted from this type of situation. However, isolated from the NHS, such approaches cannot be expected to be sustainable or to have long-term impact. Integration is the best choice of approach; it offers a chance to influence the course of the AIDS epidemic and the response of health systems in each country. The basic structure of the NHS and the characteristics of a FLHS are analyzed. The challenge to AIDS programs is to define more exactly objectives and activities at the operational, interface levels. Based on this analysis, planning of operations should be delegated to the district. Weakness of some elements and aspects of the NHS which are relevant to AIDS control program implementation can be overcome, not by organizing the program vertically and independently from the NHS, but rather by sharing resources to strengthen the weak elements. Integration may be more difficult in the early stages of implementation, but in the long term it offers sustainable development of AIDS prevention and control activities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase is required for the completion of the activation program leading to lymphokine production in the Jurkat human T cell line.

Stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor, TCR-CD3, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of specific cellular proteins through activation of a tyrosine kinase. The possible regulatory role of the CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase in this process was explored by studying the functional properties of cellular variants of the Jurkat T cell line which have been selected to have normal levels of the TCR-CD3 complex, but low or negative expression of CD45. These variants had less than 20% of the normal membrane tyrosine phosphatase activity. Triggering the TCR-CD3 receptor on the CD45 variants with anti-CD3 mAb induced the activation of a tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates as well as of the CD3 zeta chain was qualitatively comparable to normal cells although the extent of stimulation was lower. No differences were observed between the variants and the normal cells in the duration of the tyrosine phosphorylation signal. The increase in intracellular calcium concentration following receptor stimulation was also less efficient, suggesting that CD45 is necessary for optimal generation of the second messengers of the activation. The CD45 deficient cells secreted highly reduced levels of lymphokines (IL-2, IL-3 or GM-CSF) after activation by anti-CD3 mAb combined with the phorbol ester TPA. This impaired lymphokines production is related to the absence of CD45 since a CD45+ revertant subclone, isolated from one CD45- clone, produced normal levels of cytokines upon activation via CD3, while CD45- subclones were unable to secrete cytokines following activation via CD3. However, upon activation with Ca2+ ionophore and PMA, all CD45- (sub)clones secreted cytokines at levels comparable to those produced by CD45+ cells. These results show that CD45 is required for cytokine production after activation via the TCR-CD3 complex.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1975

Effects of a physical activity program on middle-aged, sedentary corporation executives.

This study determined the effects of controlled physical training program on resting heart rate, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and body weight in middle-aged, sedentary, corporation executives. Two groups were established: an active group consisting of invited subjects hat exercised on a regular basis, and a comparison group consisting of subjects that were invited to use the facility but did not. Both groups were classified by the Medical Deartment as being "clinically normal." The training intensity of the active group was at 65% to 85% of age predicted maximum heart rates as established by the Tennessee Heart Association. Each exercise session was closely monitored by the subjects and by the instructors. Training continued for 24 months. Statistical analysis indicated that resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol were significantly reduced after the training as compared to the comparison group. However, there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure or body weight.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1977

The state and territorial public health laboratory: program activities, organization and prospects for the future.

During the past two years we have studied the characteristics of state and territorial public health laboratories in an attempt to develop guidelines for considering reorganization of laboratory services in Massachusetts. Only a few recent monographs have dealt with this topic and, to our knowledge, the functional and organizational characteristics of these laboratories have not been reviewed. The state public health laboratory system affords an excellent example of applied laboratory science or technology organized to provide basic public health services. In this paper the programs and organization of the state public health laboratory are reviewed, and a functional basis more responsive to society's current needs is suggested.

Economics, Medical↗