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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Differentiation of brain damage among low IQ subjects with three projective techniques.

Using a battery of three projective techniques (Rorschach, Hand Test, Bender-Gestalt) only slight discrimination was found between low IQ subjects classified according to the presence or absence of brain trauma (exogenous vs endogenous), while substantial discrimination was obtained between the same subjects categorized in terms of "lower" (60-74) and "higher" (75-89) FS WAIS IQ. All four groups used in this study had been first equated on sex and age. Results were interpreted as supporting the position that some sort of brain impairment underlies most or all retardation. Question was raised concerning the efficacy of projective techniques for diagnosing organicity in subjects of average or better intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The validity of projective techniques and their research and clinical contribution.

Numerous surveys have alternately demonstrated either a decline or continued vitality of diagnostic assessment and projective techniques in clinical psychology. This paper examines some of the factors which have contributed to the ambivalent attitudes about projective procedures. The first part of the paper considers questions about the limitations and potential contributions of projective techniques in research. The second portion of the paper examines some of the issues which limit the contributions of diagnostic assessment and projective techniques in clinical practice. A proposal is made for conceptualizing diagnostic assessment as a more integral part of the therapeutic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Personality dimensions measured by projective techniques: a formulation based on structural analysis.

It is suggested that a better understanding and more effective use of projective techniques can be achieved by viewing each test in terms of the depth of personality assessed and its unique amalgamation of emotional and intellectual aspects of personality. With these considerations in mind, a refurbished definition of a projective test is presented and implications for the phenomenon of projection are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Vision with isoluminant colour contrast: 1.A projection technique and observations.

An optical technique is described for projecting two-colour pictures with controlled brightness contrast, which may be set to zero-at isoluminance. Colour registration is maintained without adjustment or special setting up. It is suggested that colour-and brightness-contour registration in the visual channel is a problem which may be solved neurally be master brightness signals locking slave colour signals. The projection apparatus allows the supposed master brightness signals to be removed-at isoluminance-when contour disturbances should occur. Observation of this kind are reported.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1976

Performance of persons with Down's syndrome on two projective techniques.

A comparison was made of the Rorschach responses and the Human Figure Drawings of a group of 21 Down's syndrome subjects and the responses of a group of 21 other mentally retarded persons (non-Down's syndrome group). Statistically significant differences on the Rorschach were indicative of a better differentiated visual perceptual ability in the Down's syndrome group. The traditional stereotype of the person with Down's syndrome as having a better self-concept and being more affectionate and cooperative was supported by the Rorschach results. This was not substantiated by the Human Figure Drawings, in which the non-Down's syndrome group performed significantly better than the Down's syndrome group.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sex and generational differences in Senior Apperception Technique projections.

A major purpose of this study was to compare the projections of 50 young and 50 elderly subjects to the Seniors Apperception Technique. Specifically, the emotional contents of stories told to the test were compared for sex and generational differences. The results showed, in general, that, while the themes contained more negative than positive feelings, many individuals gave unhappy stories happy conclusions. In addition, the projections of elderly and female respondents were more positive than those of younger and male subjects. The findings were interpreted in light of Neugartin's disengagement theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of supplemental lecture, evaluation method and instructional type on student performance in a preclinical technique project.

This study examined two types of instruction, two methods of evaluation, and the effects of a supplemental lecture in teaching a laboratory technique exercise. Students were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) self-instruction, self-evaluation; (2) self-instruction, teacher-evaluation; (3) teacher-aided instruction, self evaluation; and (4) teacher-aided instruction, teacher-evaluation. In addition, half of the students in each of the four groups received a supplemental lecture. Ratings of technical performance, a didactic posttest, and project completion time, were used as outcome measures. Of 27 main treatment effects tested, 25 demonstrated no significant differences. This study fails to demonstrate any major advantage of using self versus traditional forms of instruction and evaluation when student performance is the primary consideration.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1978

Projections of the ascending somesthetic pathways to the cat superior colliculus visualized by the horseradish peroxidase technique.

Projections of the somesthetic ascending pathways to the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat have been demonstrated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing technique. Following HRP injection in one SC, marked neurons were found in the contralateral dorsal horn and in the contralateral dorsal column nuclei, mainly the cuneate nucleus. Moreover, in the contralateral trigeminal complex, the sub-nucleus caudalis of the spinal nucleus of the Vth nerve, and the subnucleus oralis plus the main sensory trigeminal nucleus were labeled. Thus, the anterolateral system and the lemniscal system subserving face and forelimb sensation send afferent fibers to the contralateral SC.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1979

Spinal projections from the lower brain stem in the cat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase technique. II. Projections from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and raphe nuclei.

The descending projections to the spinal cord arising from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and brain stem raphe nuclei have been investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Particular attention was taken to clarify the cells of origin and the funicular trajectory of these spinal projections. After injections of HRP into the spinal cord, a significant of HRP labeled neurons were observed in the following dorsolateral pontine tegmental structures: (1) an area ventral to the nucleus cuneiformis; (2) principal locus coeruleus; (3) locus coeruleus a; (4) locuse subcoeruleus; (5) Kölliker-Fuse nucleus; and (6) nucleus parabrachialis lateralis. As a rule, the projections are ipsilateral and descendaphe-spinal projections, we have demonstrated that the nucleus raphe dorsalis also sends axons to the cervical segment of the spinal cord. Furthermore, in accord with previous reports, HRP labeled cells were also identified in the nucleus raphe magnus, pallidus and obscurus, but not in the nucleus raphe centralis superior and pontis. On the whole the present study further clarified the organization of spinal projections from the dorsolateral pons and raphe nuclei and provided some additional anatomical data for the physiology of the tegmentospinal and raphe-spinal projections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Validation of graphoanalysis by "global" or "holistic" method.

Graphoanalysis is the most systematically developed and best researched of all methods of handwriting analysis (genetically called graphology). This is a projective expressive movement that is neither better nor more poorly validated than most projective techniques as a means of personality assessment, which is inadequate because their subjectivity makes statistical study difficult. With all projective techniques "sign" or trait validation has been minimal, and the best validation has come from "global" or "holistic" methods. The present study presents a paradigm for the latter type of approach to handwriting analysis, using a matching technique with probabilities of 1/5, wherein five subjects were matched by people who knew them to one of five blind Graphoanalyses of the subjects' writing. This design is herein replicated five times, with total data significantly different from chance expectation (p less than .001), supporting the hypothesis that it is possible to evaluate personality through analysis of handwriting.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Basic principles of computed axial tomography.

Computer tomography (CT) is a radiological imaging method which yields transverse tomographic images reflecting with high accuracy the spatial distribution of x-ray attenuation in the part examined. The contrast resolution achieved by CT permits the visualization of soft tissue structure heretofore invisible with conventional radiographic procedure. The CT image is reconstructed by a computer applied algorithm, from a series of x-ray attenuation measurements obtained at different angles around the subject, by means of radiation detectors; The signal to noise ratio for these measurements is optimized by reducing the contribution of scattered radiation and of system noise. The CT principle of image reconstruction is also applicable in nuclear medicine imaging, with the goal of achieving contrast improvement and quantitative assessment of radionuclide distribution over conventional "projection" techniques. In this application, however, the attenuation of the radiation in the tissue interposed between the radionuclide and the detector must be taken into account to yield quantitatively accurate images. Furthermore, the variation of the field of view of the collimator as a function of distance contributes another unwanted variable to the reconstruction process. A mathematically rigorous tomographic reconstruction which would account for these variables is unavailable for gamma ray-emitting radionuclides, although approximate solutions of that problem have led to the satisfactory images of the head. Images of larger inhomogeneous organs are less quantitative. The detection of coincidence annihilation counting of positron-emitting radionuclides allows the accurate correction for the attenuation of that radiation in tissues and permits depth independent collimation which renders these radionuclide particularly suitable for their imaging by CT. A number of CT devices designed for the imaging of positron emitting radionuclides are yielding nuclear medicine images of quality and potential clinical usefulness unequaled by more conventional projection techniques.

Radionuclide Imaging↗
PubMed1977

Densitometric analysis of experimentally produced periapical radiolucencies.

Artificial periapical lesions were created in a mounted dried human mandible. These lesions were radiographed by means of a reproducible projection technique. A penetrometer was projected on the same radiographs as the dental and bony structures. The developing process was standardized. The radiographs were evaluated by means of densitometric analysis. The densitometer readings of the dental and bony structures on the radiographs were converted to a millimeters-of-aluminum-equivalents scale by means of the densitometer readings of the penetrometer images on the same radiographs. The measurements on the radiographs were presented in graphs and isodensitometric images. Areas where bone was removed could be reproducibly distinguished by densitometric analysis from areas where no bone was removed. For this purpose, the densitometric analysis of periapical radiographs proved to very useful, whereas the interpretations of the same radiographs by ten dentists differed greatly.

Densitometry↗
PubMed1975

Perception of aggression and overt aggressive behavior.

Investigated the relationship between thresholds for perception of aggressive cues and overt aggressive behavior in 86 male undergraduate students. Overt aggressive behavior was measured by the amount of shock the subject attempted to inflict on his presumed opponent. It was found that individuals with low thresholds for aggressive cues expressed less overt aggressive behavior while individuals with high thresholds for aggression expressed more overt aggression. Thus an inverse relationship was found with respect to perceptual recognition thresholds for aggressive stimuli and overt aggressive behavior. The implications of these findings for projective techniques and their relevance to perception as it relates to overt behavior were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The facade compulsive: a diagnostic formulation derived from projective testing.

A psychological "type" characterized by repetitive and compulsive action tendencies but not by obsessive thoughts was delineated. It was shown how this syndrome could be identified through differential inter-test patterning on projective techniques. The possibility of improving psychodiagnostic accuracy by stipulating expected configurations among tests in a battery was noted.

Adult↗