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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Taxonomy and clinical significance of Actinomycetaceae and Propionibacteriaceae.

In spite of considerable advances during the last years, classification and identification of Actinomycetaceae and Propionibacteriaceae still present major problems. Uncertainties about the systematic position and taxonomic status of several genera and species, the lack of reliable distinguishing characteristics or use of inadequately adapted techniques of investigation interfere with both micribiological and clinical research and also with routine work in the diagnostic laboratory. Nevertheless, besides actinomycosis, an etiologically well defined suppurative infection, several other diseases and lesions such as lacrimal canaliculitis, caries and periodontal disease, inflammation following use of intrauterine pessaries, various types of abscess, septicaemia, and acne vulgaris have been attributed to the direct or indirect pathogenic effects of fermentative actinomycetes, propionibacteria, or eubacteria. Many questions concerning their individual pathogenicity and their pathomechanisms still remain to be answered, however.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

Effects of tetracyclines on the production of extracellular proteins by members of the propionibacteriaceae.

The effect of tetracyclines on the synthesis of proteins in Propionibacterium avidum and P. acnes was examined. Synthesis of an extracellular lipase by P. avidum was slightly more sensitive to inhibition by tetracycline than total (cellular and extracellular) protein synthesis. The effect of tetracycline and other analogues on the synthesis of secreted proteins was also examined in P. avidum and P. acnes by protein radiolabelling experiments. In all cases the synthesis of secreted proteins was only about 2-fold more sensitive to inhibition by tetracyclines than total protein synthesis. These results contrast with previously published findings in Escherichia coli which show that synthesis of secreted proteins is highly susceptible to inhibition by tetracycline. The implications of these findings in relation to inhibition of membrane bound ribosomes by tetracyclines are discussed.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Luteococcus peritonei sp. nov., isolated from the human peritoneum.

An unusual catalase-positive pleomorphic Gram-positive rod isolated from a human clinical specimen was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the unknown bacterium was a member of the high G+C branch of the Gram-positive bacteria (Actinobacteria), and was phylogenetically a member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, with Luteococcus japonicus as its nearest relative. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified in the genus Luteococcus, as Luteococcus peritonei sp. nov. The type strain of Luteococcus peritonei is CCUG 38120T.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2003

Presentation, outcome, and cause of septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case control study.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine clinical presentation and medium-term outcome of patients with septic arthritis of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. TYPE OF STUDY: Matched case control study. METHODS: From a consecutive case series of 575 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from 1996 through 1999, we report on 10 patients (1.7%) with postoperative septic arthritis. These patients were compared with individually matched patients without infection, on average, 3 years after surgery. The examination included physical and radiographic evaluation, functional testing, KT-1000, Lysholm and Tegner scales, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) form. RESULTS: The predominant clinical presentation among patients with septic arthritis was modest classic signs of local infection. However, all had fever and elevated sedimentation rate or high C-reactive protein. Bacterial cultures showed coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in 6, Staphylococcus aureus in 1, and Propionibacteriaceae species in 1 patient. The diagnosis was established with a delay of approximately 5 days. All patients underwent arthroscopic debridement and lavage (2 cases) or continuous irrigation (8 cases), as well as antibiotic treatment. One experienced graft rupture caused by the infection. At the end of the follow-up evaluation, the infected patients reported significantly lower activity levels than the control subjects (mean Tegner score, 5.3 v 7.2, P =.03). No statistically significant differences were noted in mean Lysholm, IKDC, or KOOS scores, or in KT-1000 difference. Two infected patients scored lower on the Tegner and Lysholm scales postoperatively than they did preoperatively. When examining the causes of infection, we found contamination by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus on supposedly sterile suture clamps on 3 graft preparation boards. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of suspected septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction, laboratory studies and aspiration followed by culture testing should be performed liberally to avoid the otherwise frequently delayed diagnosis. The inferior postoperative activity level noted in infected patients appeared not to be secondary to graft failure but may be related to arthrofibrosis, cartilage damage, or recurring postinfectious meniscal tears.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Brooklawnia cerclae gen. nov., sp. nov., a propionate-forming bacterium isolated from chlorosolvent-contaminated groundwater.

Two novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, BL-34(T) and BL-35, isolated from groundwater contaminated by a mixture of chlorosolvents were characterized using a polyphasic approach. The two strains exhibited essentially identical taxonomic features except for a vitamin B(12) requirement by strain BL-35 for optimal growth. Phylogenetically, the isolates were affiliated with members of the family Propionibacteriaceae and were placed in a phylogenetic branch adjacent to, but distinct from, those of the genera Propionimicrobium, Propionibacterium, Luteococcus, Propioniferax and Tessaracoccus. The cells of the novel strains were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming pleomorphic rods. They produced catalase but not oxidase, and nitrate reduction did not occur in peptone/yeast extract/glucose medium. Propionate and acetate were the predominant products of glucose fermentation. Fermentation occurred in the presence of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane at concentrations up to at least 9.8 mM. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.5-67.9 mol%. Menaquinone MK-9(H(4)) was the predominant respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan layer. The major cellular fatty acids were C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). On the basis of the results obtained in this study, strains BL-34(T) and BL-35 should be classified within a novel taxon, for which the name Brooklawnia cerclae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Brooklawnia cerclae is BL-34(T) (=LMG 23248(T)=NRRL B-41418(T)). An additional strain, BL-35 (=LMG 23249=NRRL B-41419), was also characterized.

Actinobacteria↗
PubMed1976

Aldolases of the lactic acid bacteria. Demonstration of immunological relationships among eight genera of Gram positive bacteria using an anti-pediococcal aldolase serum.

Reciprocal qualitative and quantitative immunological experiments employing an anti-Pediococcus cerevisiae aldolase serum confirmed many of the interspecific relationships demonstrated previously among lactic acid bacteria with antisera prepared against the Streptococcus faecalis fructose diphosphate aldolase. The extent of immunological relatedness observed between the Lactobacillus and Pediococcus aldolases was markedly gses indicating that the pediococci share closer phylogenetic ties with the rod-shaped lacotbacilli than with their spherical counterparts in the streptococci. In addition to confirming the existence of definitive, but distant, relationships between the lactic acid bacteria and certain gram positive nonsporeforming anaerobes, immunological cross-reactivity was also demonstrated between the pediococcal aldolases and those of Aerococcus viridans.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2006

A genetic insight into peptide and amino-acid utilization by Propionibacterium freudenreichii LMG 16415.

In this note the genetic characterization of the peptide degrading system of Propionibacterium freudenreichii was addressed. Genomic fragments of P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii LMG 16415 were cloned in Escherichia coli XL1 Blue, and those leading to an increase in peptidase-like activity using chromogenic substrates aminoacyl-beta-naphtylamides (aminoacyl-betaNA) were isolated and sequenced. This strategy allowed the identification of partial gene regions of P. freudenreichii LMG 16415 with significant similarity to proteins directly or indirectly involved in peptide and amino acid metabolism, i.e., an oligopeptide transporter, a D-amino acid oxidase, a muropeptidase, and an ABC transporter involved in osmoregulation similar to glycine betaine transporters.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Microlunatus phosphovorus under various growth conditions.

Microlunatus phosphovorus is an activated-sludge bacterium with high levels of phosphorus-accumulating activity and phosphate uptake and release activities. Thus, it is an interesting model organism to study biological phosphorus removal. However, there are no studies demonstrating the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage capability of M. phosphovorus, which is surprising for a polyphosphate-accumulating organism. This study investigates in detail the PHA storage behavior of M. phosphovorus under different growth conditions and using different carbon sources. Pure culture studies in batch-growth systems were conducted in shake-flasks and in a bioreactor, using chemically defined growth media with glucose as the sole carbon source. A batch-growth system with anaerobic-aerobic cycles and varying concentrations of glucose or acetate as the sole carbon source, similar to enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes, was also employed. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that M. phosphovorus produces significant amounts of PHAs under various growth conditions and with different carbon sources. When the PHA productions of all cultivations were compared, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the major PHA polymer, was produced at about 20-30% of the cellular dry weight. The highest PHB production was observed as 1,421 mg/l in batch-growth systems with anaerobic-aerobic cycles and at 4 g/l initial glucose concentration. In light of these key results regarding the growth physiology and PHA-production capability of M. phosphovorus, it can be concluded that this organism could be a good candidate for microbial PHA production because of its advantages of easy growth, high biomass and PHB yield on substrate and no significant production of fermentative byproducts.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Predominant cultivable microflora of plaque on removable dentures in patients with healthy oral mucosa.

Plaque from the fitting surface of upper full dentures in eight patients with healthy palatal mucosa was studied. To characterize the predominant cultivable flora, 916 isolates (100-128 from each sample) were subcultured from anaerobic roll-tubes. Streptococci constituted 0-81 per cent (median, 41 per cent) of the isolates with varying proportions of Streptococcus milleri, Streptoccus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus sanguis. Staphylococcus aureus made up 0-13 per cent (median, 6 per cent). Gram-positive rods constituted 1-74 per cent (median, 33 per cent). Among these, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces odontolyticus were the most common species, whereas lactobacilli were isolated only from two samples, constituting 21 and 48 per cent. Among Gram-negative bacteria, only Veillonella parvula was common, constituting 3-20 per cent (median, 10 per cent). Gram-negative rods were isolated only from three samples in small proportions making up 0-6 per cent (median, 0 per cent) of the flora. Forty-seven isolates (5 per cent) were lost. Cultures for yeasts on Sabouraud agar were positive for five samples and the yeast counts corresponded to 0-0.45 per cent (median, 0.002 per cent) of the total viable counts. The microflora of denture plaque is highly variable and is to a large extent similar to that of some forms of dental plaque.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of recA gene as a phylogenetic marker in the classification of dairy propionibacteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of recA gene as a molecular marker for the reliable discrimination and classification of dairy propionibacteria and the closely related species. Regions of the recA gene, varying in size between 613 and 677 nucleotides, were sequenced for Propionibacterium acidipropionici, P. cyclohexanicum, P. freudenreichii, P. jensenii, P. microaerophilum and P. thoenii using degenerate consensus primers constructed by aligning recA sequences of some actinobacteria. The 16S rRNA encoding genes for the type and reference strains of the species P. acidipropionici, P. jensenii and P. thoenii were also sequenced to remove ambiguous positions present in the current database reports, such to improve the classification scheme of reference. As found for other bacterial species, recA sequences permitted a better distinction among the dairy propionibacteria considered than 16S rRNA gene. However, the topology of phylogenetic trees constructed on the recA gene regions sequenced and their putative translations appeared rather different and less statistically valid than the 16S rRNA gene tree. In addition, the possibility of designing PCR-based identification and detection tests on the new recA sequences was demonstrated by assessing specific amplification protocols for P. cyclohexanicum and P. microaerophilum.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of genes for enzymes involved in the phenanthrene degradation in Nocardioides sp. KP7.

The nucleotide sequence of the gene cluster, phdEFABGHCD, encoding enzymes responsible for the transformation of phenanthrene to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate in Nocardioides sp. strain KP7 was determined. This gene cluster, which may constitute a single operon, resided at 6.1-kb downstream of the phdIJK gene cluster encoding the enzymes for the transformation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate to o-phthalate. In general, the phd products exhibited moderate degrees of homology with isofunctional enzymes found in pathways for the degradation of other aromatic compounds. Remarkably, the phdC gene product had features of the [3Fe-4S] type ferredoxin, which has not been found so far as a component of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase. Escherichia coli carrying the genes for phenanthrene dioxygenase, phdABCD, was capable to oxidize phenanthrene.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1992

Detection of propionic acid bacteria in cheese.

Mesophilic lactic starters and thermophilic lactobacilli but not Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus grew on the sodium lactate agar (SLA) used for estimating the numbers of propionic acid bacteria (PAB) in cheese. The addition of cloxacillin (4 micrograms/ml) to SLA inhibited the starter bacteria but had no effect on the PAB. It was possible to count low numbers of PAB in the presence of high numbers of starter bacteria. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 was obtained between the level of propionic acid and the counts of PAB in cheese (n = 40). A disadvantage of the medium is that other bacteria found in cheese (mesophilic lactobacilli, enterococci, Clostridium tyrobutyricum) also grow on it; however, these bacteria are easily distinguishable from PAB on the basis of size, colour and absence of catalase.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Subunit interactions of transcarboxylase as studied by circular dichroism.

A change in the secondary structure of transcarboxylase from quaternary interactions is monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The change is traced to interactions among the six polypeptides that make up the 12SH subunit. It is fully reversible and is not a result of the conditions used to dissociate the enzyme. Our new method of analyzing circular dichroism spectra for secondary structure works well for this enzyme and its subunits. Even the odd circular dichroism of the 1.3SE subunit analyzes well. There is an increase of 19% in alpha helix and a concomitant decrease of 8% in antiparallel beta sheet and 7% in random structure on association to form the hexameric 12SH subunit.

Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases↗
PubMed2006

Enhanced phenol biodegradation and aerobic granulation by two coaggregating bacterial strains.

The effect of coaggregation of the two bacterial strains Propioniferax-like PG-02 and Comamonassp. PG-08 on phenol degradation and aerobic granulation was investigated. While PG-02 was characterized as a phenol-degrader with a low half-saturation kinetics constant, PG-08 possessed strong aggregation ability with poor phenol degradation ability. The two strains coaggregated through involvement of lectin-saccharide interactions with the adhesin protein on strain PG-02 and the complementary sugar receptor on strain PG-08. Using the V. harveyi reporter strain BB170, it was found that both strains could produce autoinducer-2-like signals. If incubated together, the two strains showed cooperation for phenol degradation. In batch, the coculture degraded phenol at an initial concentration of 250 mg L(-1), faster than each strain separately. Bioaugmentation with simultaneously the two strains in sequencing batch reactors significantly improved phenol removal and aerobic granulation as compared to monoculture bioaugmentation. Bacterial coaggregation might be an integral component of the aerobic granulation process. Investigation of in situ occurrence of coggregation in aerobic granulation would help unveil its molecular mechanism. Then the granulation process could be improved through selection of specific microbial groups.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2000

Microbiology of the 'G-bacteria' in activated sludge.

This review discusses a group of bacteria, the 'G-bacteria', which have a distinctive morphology of cocci in tetrads, sheets or clusters, that are seen in large numbers in many activated sludge biomass samples. Isolates of 'G-bacteria' that have been grown axenically are phylogenetically diverse. The Gram-negative members include several alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, among which is the genus Amaricoccus, while the Gram-positive 'G-bacteria' contain several members of the actinobacteria. It is probable that other, as yet uncharacterized, 'G-bacteria' exist in activated sludge. The hypothesis that these 'G-bacteria' are detrimental to the process of enhanced biological phosphate removal by competing for substrates anaerobically with the phosphate-accumulating bacteria in such systems, based as it is largely on mixed-culture studies, receives little support from studies using those available in pure culture. The evidence on which these conclusions are founded is discussed, as are the arguments used to explain why these 'G-bacteria' all appear to thrive under conditions found in certain activated sludge systems.

Actinobacteria↗