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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

A simple method for differentiation of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium propionicum.

TLC glycolipid profiles of several culture collection and clinical strains of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium propionicum were examined. The former were characterized by weak orcinol-positive minor glycolipids of type g, while the others had mainly strong orcinol-positive major glycolipids of type G. The simple and rapid small scale procedure seemed to be useful for differentiation of these phenotypically similar and genotypically closely related species irrespective of their serotypes.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Complement activation in acne vulgaris: in vitro studies with Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum.

To better define the role of bacteria in inflammatory acne vulgaris, we have investigated the ability of four strains of Propionibacterium acnes and three strains of Propionibacterium granulosum to activate complement. Complement activation was assayed by incubating normal human serum with varying concentrations of each strain and measuring residual total hemolytic complement activity. When serum was tested unaltered, P. acnes strains were approximately threefold more potent than an equal weight of P. granulosum in consuming complement, which could reflect classical and/or alternative pathway activation. All strains also consumed complement in serum chelated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which selectively assays alternative pathway activation. Incubation of unaltered serum with both P. acnes and P. granulosum resulted in immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C4, C3, and factor B of the alternative pathway. Incubation of chelated serum resulted in conversion of C3 and factor B. These data taken together suggest that both species can activate complement through either pathway. Serum incubated with P. acnes was chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and this chemotactic activity was largely C5 dependent as shown by antibody inhibition. It is suggested that complement activation may occur in vivo in acne, and the inflammatory response may be contributed to by the generation of C5-dependent chemotactic factors.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Comparative studies of porphyrin production in Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum.

Porphyrin production by Propionibacterium acnes and that by Propionibacterium granulosum were compared. Porphyrin synthesized by both organisms was identified as coproporphyrin III on the bases of absorption and fluorescence spectra and behavior on paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences in production were found between these organisms. In general, P. granulosum produced significantly greater amounts (P less than 0.001) of porphyrin than did P. acnes. delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase appeared to be the rate-limiting enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway in both organisms. The increased porphyrin production in P. granulosum is apparently associated with increased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1999

In vivo 13C NMR study of the bidirectional reactions of the Wood-Werkman cycle and around the pyruvate node in Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici.

This study used in vitro 13C NMR spectroscopy to directly examine bidirectional reactions of the Wood-Werkman cycle involved in central carbon metabolic pathways of dairy propionibacteria during pyruvate catabolism. The flow of [2-13C]pyruvate label was monitored on living cell suspensions of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici under acidic conditions. P. shermanii and P. acidipropionici cells consumed pyruvate at apparent initial rates of 161 and 39 micromol min(-1) g(-1) (cell dry weight), respectively. The bidirectionality of reactions in the first part of the Wood-Werkman cycle was evident from the formation of intermediates such as [3-13C]pyruvate and [3-13C]malate and of products like [2-13C]acetate from [2-13C]pyruvate. For the first time alanine labeled on C2 and C3 and aspartate labeled on C2 and C3 were observed during [2-13C]pyruvate metabolism by propionibacteria. The kinetics of aspartate isotopic enrichment was evidence for its production from oxaloacetate via aspartate aminotransferase. Activities of a partial tricarboxylic acid pathway, acetate synthesis, succinate synthesis, gluconeogenesis, aspartate synthesis, and alanine synthesis pathways were evident from the experimental results.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Propionic acid fermentation of glycerol and glucose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii.

A comparative study was carried out in anaerobic batch cultures on 20 g/l of either glycerol or glucose using two propionibacteria strains, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. In all cases, fermentation end-products were the same and consisted of propionic acid as the major product, acetic acid as the main by-product and two minor metabolites, n-propanol and succinic acid. Evidence was provided that greater production of propionic acid by propionibacteria was obtained with glycerol as carbon and energy sources. P. acidipropionici showed higher efficiency in glycerol conversion to propionic acid with a faster substrate consumption (0.64 g l(-1) h(-1)) and a higher propionic acid production (0.42 g l(-1) h(-1) and 0.79 mol/mol). The almost exclusive production of propionic acid from glycerol by this bacterium suggested an homopropionic tendency of this fermentation. Acetic acid final concentration was two times lower on glycerol (2 g/l) than on glucose (4 g/l) for both micro-organisms. P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii exhibited a glycerol fermentation pattern typical of non-associated glycerol-consumption-product formation. This could indicate a particular metabolism for P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii oriented towards the production of other specific components. These results tend to show that glycerol could be an excellent alternative to conventional carbon sources such as carbohydrates for propionic acid production.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1997

Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum sp. nov., a new acid-tolerant omega-cyclohexyl fatty acid-containing propionibacterium isolated from spoiled orange juice.

A non-spore-forming, coryneform bacterium, strain TA-12T, was isolated from spoiled off-flavor orange juice. Growth of this organism occurs at pH 3.2 to 7.5, and optimum growth occurs at pH values between 5.5 and 6.5. This organism produces lactic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid from glucose. It is catalase negative. The cells are heat resistant and can withstand a temperature of 90 degrees C for 10 min. The DNA G + C content is 66.8 mol%. This strain has as MK-9(H4) respiratory quinone system and contains meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall, and omega-cyclohexyl undecanoic acid is the major cellular fatty acid. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of the 168 rRNA gene of this organism indicated that its highest level of homology is its level of homology with the representative of the classical propionibacteria, Propionibacterium freudenreichii (97.1%). Strain TA-12T is phenotypically similar to P. freudenreichii, but it produces a large amount of lactic acid and has a distinct fatty acid composition, acid tolerance, and heat resistance, which differentiate it from P. freudenreichii and other propionic acid-producing bacteria. On the basis of these findings we propose the name Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum sp. nov. for this organism. The type strain is TA-12 (= IAM 14535 = NRIC 0247).

Acids↗
PubMed1975

Esterification of (4--14C)cholesterol by cutaneous bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, and Propionibacterium granulosum).

Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters constitute 3 to 5% of the lipids derived from human sebaceous glands. The present study demonstrates that cutaneous bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and to a lesser extent Propionibacterium acnes, and Propionibacterium granulosum, esterify [4--14C]cholesterol to steryl esters in vitro. The degree of esterification is a characteristic of the strain of organism, ranging from 0 to 32.7% in the organisms tested. Cholesterol esterification in these experiments was dependent on the addition of homogenates of isolated, pooled sebaceous glands to the incubation medium. Indirect evidence suggests that the fatty acids from sebaceous triglycerides are utilized for cholesterol esterification by the bacteria. These results indicate that the proportion of steryl esters in skin surface lipids may be influenced by the density of the microbial population in the skin.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1980

Biosynthesis of vitamin B12. Some properties of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming system of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium shermanii.

1. Homogenates of Propionibacterium freudenreichii transform riboflavin into 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. This process is stimulated by nicotinamide. Homogenates of Propionibacterium shermanii form only small amounts of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole from riboflavin in the absence of nicotinamide, but also form appreciable amounts in the presence of nicotinamide. 2. The stimulation of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming system by nicotinamide shows a lag phase which is abolished by preincubation of the homogenate with nicotinamide. Since no lag phase is observed when nicotinamide is replaced by nicotinate, nicotinate seems to be the true stimulating agent. These observations are in agreement with the fact that nicotinamide is rapidly split to nicotinate in homogenates of P. freudenreichii. 3. The 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system is only active at a high buffer concentration (0.3--0.5 M) and in the presence of oxygen. The system has a pronounced oxygen optimum. 4. Flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide are better substrates for the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system than riboflavin. But with [1'-14C]riboflavin as substrate the specific radioactivity of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is higher than the specific radioactivity of flavin--adenine dinucleotide and lower than the specific radioactivie substrate for the formation of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. 5. A tentative reaction sequence for the transformation of flavin mononucleotide into 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is discussed.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1980

Cytotaxin production by comedonal bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum and Staphylococcus epidermidis).

The potential role of different species of comedonal bacteria as chemotactic stimuli in the inflammatory phase of acne vulgaris was investigated by comparing 12 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11 strains of Propionibacterium acnes, and 5 strains of P. granulosum for production of cytotaxin in vitro. Results indicated that not only were there marked differences in cytotaxin production between different strains of the same species grown under identical growth conditons, but there were often significant differences in cytotaxin activity of the same strain grown in different media. This finding is discussed in relation to development of inflammation in quiescent comedones in acne vulgaris.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2001

Effect of lipase activities of Propionibacterium granulosum and Propionibacterium acnes.

We studied the lipase activities of Propionibacterium granulosum, P. acnes and the suppression of these activities by Jumi-haidoku-to (JHT). Lipase activity of P. acnes biotype III (BIII) was strongest, while that of P. granulosum was faintly expressed. Compared with the control medium, the production of propionic and butyric acids was suppressed by all the tested mediums combined with JHT. The decrease in these acids produced by JHT was significantly higher in P. granulosum than in P. acnes. Although P. acnes BIII may produce a strong effect on acne, the presence of P. granulosum should not be ignored. Further research is required on the correlation between P. acnes and P. granulosum.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1977

The functioning of cytochrome b in the electron transport to furmarate in Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium pentosaceum.

Fumarase-free electron particles from Propionibacterium freudenreichii and P. pentosaceum were prepared by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the influence of 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) and ultraviolet irradiation on the reduction of menaquinone and cytochrome b with L-lactate or glycerol-3-phosphate and the reoxidation by fumarate was studied. In the presence of HQNO the steady state reduction level of menaquinone during fumarate reduction was increased whereas the steady state reduction level of cytochrome b was decreased as compared with the reduction levels measured in the absence of HQNO. The steady state reduction level of menaquinone during electron transport to fumarate was not influenced by ultraviolet irradiation and the steady state reduction level of cytochrome b was decreased at increasing irradiation times. The data indicate that cytochrome b is involved in the electron transport to fumarate.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of zinc gluconate on propionibacterium acnes resistance to erythromycin in patients with inflammatory acne: in vitro and in vivo study.

Tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics have been in use for acne treatment for more than 20 years. Since 1992 increasing resistance to these antibiotics, and especially to erythromycin, is reported with Propionibacterium acnes. Zinc salts have demonstrated their efficacy in inflammatory acne treatment as well as their bacteriostatic activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The objective of our work was firstly to determine whether the clinical anti-inflammatory efficacy of zinc salts was altered in the presence of erythromycin resistant strains in vivo, and secondly to study the in vitro and in vivo effect of zinc on the sensitivity of Propionibacterium acnes strains to erythromycin. Thirty patients with inflammatory acne were treated by zinc gluconate with a daily dose of 30 mg for two months and bacteriologic samples were taken at D0, D30 and D60. In vivo, this study displayed a reduction in the number of inflammatory lesions after a 2-month treatment whether or not Propionibacterium acnes carriage was present. Concurrently, in vitro addition of zinc salts in the culture media of Propionibacterium acnes reduced resistance of Propionibacterium acnes strains to erythromycin. Thus, association of zinc salts via a systemic route and topical erythromycin treatment seems an interesting option in the light of an increasing number of patients carrying erythromycin resistant Propionibacterium acnes strains.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatoprotective effect of SY-640, a novel acetamide derivative, on Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice.

The hepatoprotective effect of SY-640 on Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice and its protective mechanism were examined. Oral administration of SY-640, 150 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, significantly inhibited Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury, but a single administration was without effect. Liver-infiltrating cells (T-lymphocytes and macrophages) play an important role in Propionibacterium and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and express a higher level of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1. SY-640 inhibited the number of liver-infiltrating cells and attenuated the increased expression of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 on these cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediated Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury, and SY-640 inhibited the elevation of the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration after injection of lipopolysaccharide in Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice. The putative effects of SY-640 are inhibitory effects on infiltration into the liver and on activation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages after Propionibacterium acnes-priming, and attenuation of expression of cell adhesion molecules such as leukocyte function-associated antigen-1. The immunological effect of SY-640 is likely to be closely related to the inhibition of Propionibacterium and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1998

[Skin reactions to antigens of propionibacterium acnes in patients with acne vulgaris treated with autovaccine].

One of the most common diseases of the skin is acne. The etiology and pathogenesis of acne, in spite of the advancement of medical knowledge, remain unknown and the effects of treatment unsatisfactory. The mechanism of the beneficial effects of immunotherapy in some cases of acne, including autovaccines prepared from the bacterial strains of the patient, also awaits explanation. The present work was aimed at elucidating the influence of autovaccine on some parameters of specific humoral and cellular response against the same strains of Propionibacterium acnes that were isolated from the patient to prepare the autovaccine. These parameters were evaluated in vivo on the basis of early and delayed skin reactions and in vitro using respective laboratory tests. By analysing the influence of autovaccine on the immunological status it was hoped to shed some light on the immunological aspects of acne. An improvement after autovaccine was noted in 47.6% of patients. At the same time it was observed that the results of the present treatment with autovaccine were much better in patients who were previously treated for acne with Acnevac or autovaccine than in other patients. One may therefore conclude that repeated immunotherapy in acne is advantageous in terms of results. The frequency of early skin reactions against the Propionibacterium acnes of the patient and against standard strains, the level of serum IgE antibodies in patients with acne of various intensity and the release of histamine in the presence of Propionibacterium acnes from basophils of patients with positive early skin reactions all stand against the role of early-type hypersensitivity and anaphilactoid phenomena linked with the structural antigens of the patient's strains of Propionibacterium acnes in the pathogenesis of acne (Tab. 1, Fig. 1). Reactions reflecting delayed-type hypersensitivity against the patient's strains of Propionibacterium acnes were observed more frequently than early-type reactions and more frequently than against standard strains (Tab. 2). Clinical improvement was particularly evident in patients in whom the intensity of the reactions decreased after treatment. This was accompanied by higher titres of specific antibodies against structural antigens of Propionibacterium acnes (Tab. 3) and a greater inhibition of migration of mononuclear cells in the presence of these bacteria or a nonspecific mitogen (PHA). It was concluded that specific antibodies generated by the autovaccine and directed against the strain of Propionibacterium acnes of the patient may reduce the intensity of delayed-type reactions in some cases of acne, as previously reported for tularemia and tuberculosis. Final unequivocal conclusions as to the pathogenesis of acne and mechanism of the effects of autovaccine could not be drawn. However, the present results form an encouraging basis for further research in this field.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Production of Propionibacterium shermanii biomass and vitamin B12 on spent media.

AIMS: The propionibacteria are commercially important due to their use in the cheese industry, and there is a growing interest for their probiotic effects. Stimulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on propionic acid bacteria have been observed. This study was designed to examine the possibility of using spent media previously used to grow LAB for the production of biomass and metabolites of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen MRS and vegetable juice media were prefermented by various LAB and evaluated for their ability to subsequently support the growth of Propionibacterium, using automated spectrophotometry (AS). Growth of Propionibacterium in spent media was strongly affected by the LAB strain used to produce the spent medium. The native MRS medium (not prefermented) yielded the highest optical density values followed by prefermented media by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactococcus lactis. Prefermented cabbage juice enabled good growth of Propionibacterium. For the production of organic acids and vitamin B12, cells of Propionibacterium were concentrated and immobilized in alginate beads in the aim of accelerating the bioconversions. More propionic acid was obtained in spent media than in native MRS. The concentration of vitamin B12 was higher in media fermented with free cells than those with immobilized cultures; with the free cells, its concentration varied from 900 to 1800 ng ml(-1) of media. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that spent media could be recycled for the production of Propionibacterium and metabolites, depending on the LAB strain that was previously grown. Media remediation is needed to improve the production of vitamin B12, especially with immobilized cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study presents an option for recycling of spent media generated by producers of LAB or producers of fermented vegetables. The propionic fermentation may result in three commercial products: biomass, vitamin B12 or organic acids, which may be used as starters, supplements or food preservatives. It is an attractive process from economical and environmental standpoints.

Alginates↗
PubMed1991

Cloning, sequencing, and expression of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from Propionibacterium freudenreichii.

Pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PPi-PFK) from Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a non-allosteric enzyme with properties dissimilar to those of other described phosphofructokinases. The enzyme was cloned into pBluescript, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli at levels 15 times higher than those observed in Propionibacterium. The gene consists of 1215 bases which code for a protein of 404 amino acids and a mass of 43,243 daltons. High G + C in the codon usage (66%) of the gene is consistent with the classification of Propionibacterium in the High-G + C subdivision of the Gram-positive bacteria. While showing no sequence identity to the non-allosteric ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase of E. coli, alignments of the amino acid sequence with other PFKs reveal degrees of identities among the amino halves of the proteins, from 26% between the Propionibacterium and potato PPi-PFKs, and 29% between Propionibacterium and E. coli ATP-PFKs. These levels of identities indicate that the amino halves of these proteins are homologous. Identities between the carboxyl half of Propionibacterium PFK and carboxyl halves of other sequences are below 20%, suggesting that the carboxyl half is not homologous. Despite the poor conservation, most of the residues that take part in the binding of fructose-6-P or Mg-PPi could be readily identified by analogy to the structure of the E. coli PFK. Both the fructose-6-P and ATP-binding sites are conserved, indicating that PPi binds to the homologous site of the E. coli ATP-binding site.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Infection caused by Propionibacterium in children.

Three hundred eighty-six isolates of Propionibacterium sp. were recovered from 2,003 specimens studied for the identification of anaerobic bacteria in children during a 15-year period. Three hundred forty-three (89%) of these were Propionibacterium acnes. A total of 50 (13%) Propionibacterium isolates identified from 45 patients were considered to cause infection. Clinically significant infections caused by Propionibacterium sp. were associated with bacteremia in 10 children; ear infection in eight; abscesses in seven; adenitis and central nervous system infection in five each; burns in four; wounds in three; tumors and bone in two each; and cysts, eye, sinus, and mastoid in one each. Predisposing or underlying conditions were present in 33 children (73%). These included the presence of a foreign body (17), immunodeficiency (six), malignancy (five), diabetes (five), previous surgery (four), and steroid therapy (two). Antimicrobial therapy was given to 41 (91%) children. Surgical drainage was concomitantly performed in 22 (49%). Four patients died. This study highlights the importance of Propionibacterium sp. as an unusual, but potentially important, pathogen in children.

Child↗