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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Cytotaxin production by comedonal bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum and Staphylococcus epidermidis).

The potential role of different species of comedonal bacteria as chemotactic stimuli in the inflammatory phase of acne vulgaris was investigated by comparing 12 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11 strains of Propionibacterium acnes, and 5 strains of P. granulosum for production of cytotaxin in vitro. Results indicated that not only were there marked differences in cytotaxin production between different strains of the same species grown under identical growth conditons, but there were often significant differences in cytotaxin activity of the same strain grown in different media. This finding is discussed in relation to development of inflammation in quiescent comedones in acne vulgaris.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Natural killer activity in mice infected with rabies virus and submitted to P. acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) as immunomodulator.

The natural killer (NK) activity and lethality were evaluated in swiss mice experimentally infected with street rabies virus and submitted to immunomodulation by P. acnes (formerly Corynebacterium parvum). The infected animals were sacrificed at different times and spleen non-adherent cells were obtained through ficoll-hypaque gradient and depletion of glass-adherent cells. Immunosuppression was observed in rabies virus infected mice correlated with lower NK activity in clinically ill animals. Higher NK activity and percentual of survival were observed in the group submitted to P. acnes. The increased survival correlated with higher NK activity induced by P. acnes suggests a protective role of this natural barrier against rabies virus infection in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Postoperative subdural empyema due to Propionibacterium acnes].

Propionibacterium acnes are gram-positive pleomorphic rods that grow under an anaerobic condition. They are the most frequent inhabitants of sebaceous glands of skin, hair follicles, mouth, upper respiratory tract, and as a frequent contaminant in laboratory cultures. Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated but significant cause of postneurosurgical infection, especially in the presence of foreign bodies such as shunt systems. We present a rare case with a postoperative subdural empyema in which the only pathogen isolated was Propionibacterium acnes. In our case, the clinical course was atypically rapid. The most effective antibiotic therapy for Propionibacterium acnes infections has not been established. However, high dose penicillin in combination with surgical drainage and removal of foreign bodies is recommended as the treatment of choice.

Empyema, Subdural↗
PubMed2006

Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes, a common skin organism, is most notably recognized for its role in acne vulgaris. It also causes postoperative and device-related infections and has been associated with a number of other conditions such as sarcoidosis and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO), although its precise role as a causative agent remains to be determined. Propionibacterium acnes produces a number of virulence factors and is well known for its inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Recent publication of the P. acnes genome should provide further insights into the pathogenic capabilities of the organism and potentially lead to the development of new therapies.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Bronchopneumonia caused by Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes was identified as the pathogen in a case of subacute lung infection by examination of an open lung biopsy specimen. The patient was a 65-year-old male with exacerbation of chronic lung disease. The organism was isolated in pure culture and was present in large numbers on Gram stain. Histological examination demonstrated active interstitial fibrosis; macrophages laden with Propionibacterium acnes antigen were revealed using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase stain. This is the first report of subacute infection of pulmonary tissue due to this organism.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The evolving role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne.

Propionibacterium acnes is a member of the resident cutaneous flora. Sebaceous follicles involved in acne are characterized by the accumulation of abnormally desquamated corneocytes and excess sebum-the microcomedo. This environment provides ideal growth conditions for P acnes. Several orders of magnitude level of P acnes are found in microcomedos. P acnes produces a variety of chemotactic factors and proinflammatory molecules that are responsible for the inflammatory phase of acne. Antibiotic therapy works by reducing the viable number of P acnes as well as by reducing the production of inflammatory stimuli. Antibiotic therapy has been a mainstay of treatment for more than 30 years. In the last decade, decreased sensitivity to antibiotics has developed and clinical resistance has been described. This development threatens the usefulness of antibiotic therapy in the future.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Purification and properties of a bacteriocin-like substance (acnecin) of oral Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes CN-8, isolated from human dental plaque, was grown in a liquid medium, and its bacteriocin-like substance (acnecin) was extracted from the cells by ultrasonic treatment. Acnecin was purified to a homogeneous state with recovery of 47%. Specific activity increased 72-fold in comparison with the crude extract. The properties of acnecin were as follows. (i) Acnecin may consist of five subunits with a molecular weight of about 12,000. (ii) Its isoelectric point was 5.5. (iii) In amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine were predominant, whereas cystine was not present. (iv) Acnecin contained 3.3% carbohydrate but was substantially free from lipid. (v) The activity was lost by heating at 60 degrees C or by protease and lysozyme treatments. Acnecin acted bacteriostatically on the indicator strain without killing it. The action spectrum of acnecin was very narrow; it was effective only against strains of non-acnecin-producing P. acnes and Corynebacterium parvum, a species closely related to P. acnes.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1984

Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of the antimicrobial agent propylene phenoxetol on the growth and extracellular enzymes of Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes was grown in continuous culture in the presence of propylene phenoxetol. At sub-lethal concentrations of this antimicrobial agent (0.025-0.1% w/v) steady-state growth conditions were achieved. In comparison with the control, cell biomass, maximum specific growth rates and levels of the extracellular lipase and hyaluronate-lyase, decreased with increasing concentrations of propylene phenoxetol. Levels of protease activity remained approximately constant whilst production of acid phosphatase was significantly increased with increasing propylene phenoxetol concentrations. At the highest concentration of the antimicrobial agent (0.2% w/v) growth was completely inhibited.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Influence of pH on porphyrin production in Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes was grown on Eagle's medium for 4-15 days at pH 5.3-7.2 The porphyrin production was measured both by direct fluorometry and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The greatest concentration of porphyrins was produced at pH 6.1. Protoporphyrin was the dominant porphyrin species present in the bacteria in all samples. The relative amount of coproporphyrin was greatest at pH 6.7 after 4 days of incubation. In human skin there are local variations in the pH; therefore our findings may be of importance for porphyrin production in acne.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1979

Immune response modulation by colonization of germfree rats with Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes (oral and/or parenteral administration) had a modulating effect on antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses of germfree (GF) and monoassociated (MA) rats. In conventionally reared rodents, parenteral injection of killed P. acnes stimulated the splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes. However, in GF rats and in rats monoassociated with viable P. acnes, parenteral injection of killed P. acnes antigen inhibited the plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes. When compared with the responses of GF control rats, splenocytes from GF rats parenterally injected with P. acnes antigen had a decreased in vitro blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A and an increased blastogenic response to homologous bacterial antigens. Conversely, a parenteral injection of P. acnes antigen into P. acnes MA rats resulted in an increased splenocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A but not to homologous (P. acnes) antigens. Thus the presence or absence of intestinal antigenic stimuli (in MA and GF rats) had a modulating effect on the immune response to a parenteral injection of P. acnes antigen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Pacemaker endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the cutaneous flora of humans; it is often considered to be contaminant but has also been found to be a pathogen in human diseases. It is an uncommon causal agent in infective endocarditis and appears to have a predilection for prosthetic valves and foreign bodies. We describe a case of pacemaker endocarditis which shows that so-called harmless bacteria like P. acnes must be considered to be potential pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Granulomatous colitis associated with botryomycosis of Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus, is a common inhabitant of the skin, and its virulence is considered to be low in humans. This report describes an unusual case of granulomatous colitis associated with P acnes infection in a 46-year-old woman. The affected cecum exhibited a tumor histologically characterized by massive transmural infiltrates of small lymphocytes and noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. Botryomycotic granules were also found in the muscular layer and paracolic connective tissues and consisted of gram-positive bacilli with filamentous growth. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of P acnes 16S ribosomal DNA in the surgical specimen of the colon. The patient developed a postoperative P acnes-induced peritonitis, which subsided with treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage. The present case indicates that P acnes is one of the possible pathogens for granulomatous colitis.

Cecum↗
PubMed1989

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes P13 was isolated from human feces. The bacterium produced a particulate nitrate reductase and a soluble nitrite reductase when grown with nitrate or nitrite. Reduced viologen dyes were the preferred electron donors for both enzymes. Nitrous oxide reductase was never detected. Specific growth rates were increased by nitrate during growth in batch culture. Culture pH strongly influenced the products of dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Nitrate was principally converted to nitrite at alkaline pH, whereas nitrous oxide was the major product of nitrate reduction when the bacteria were grown at pH 6.0. Growth yields were increased by nitrate in electron acceptor-limited chemostats, where nitrate was reduced to nitrite, showing that dissimilatory nitrate reduction was an energetically favorable process in P. acnes. Nitrate had little effect on the amounts of fermentation products formed, but molar ratios of acetate to propionate were higher in the nitrate chemostats. Low concentrations of nitrite (ca. 0.2 mM) inhibited growth of P. acnes in batch culture. The nitrite was slowly reduced to nitrous oxide, enabling growth to occur, suggesting that denitrification functions as a detoxification mechanism.

Feces↗
PubMed2005

Requirement for TLR9 in the immunomodulatory activity of Propionibacterium acnes.

Propionibacterium acnes (formerly Corynebacterium parvum) is part of the human flora and, as such, is associated with several human pathologies. It possesses strong immunomodulatory activities, which makes this bacterium interesting for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination. The bacterial component(s) and the host receptor(s) involved in the induction of these activities are poorly understood. We show in this study that TLR9 is crucial in generating the characteristic effects of killed P. acnes priming in the spleen, such as extramedullary hemopoiesis and organ enlargement, and granuloma formation in the liver. Furthermore, the ability to overproduce TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in response to LPS, lipid A, synthetic lipopeptide Pam(3)CysK(4), or whole killed bacteria was present in P. acnes-primed wild-type, but not TLR9(-/-), mice. Finally, P. acnes priming failed to induce enhanced resistance to murine typhoid fever in TLR9(-/-) mice. Thus, TLR9 plays an essential role in the induction of immunomodulatory effects by P. acnes. Because IFN-gamma is a key mediator of these effects, and enhanced IFN-gamma mRNA expression was absent in spleen and liver of P. acnes-primed TLR9(-/-) mice, we conclude that TLR9 is required for the induction of IFN-gamma by P. acnes.

Animals↗