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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Theoretical study on molecular property of protactinium(V) and uranium(VI) oxocations: why does protactinium(V) form monooxo cations in aqueous solution?

The stability of Pa(V) and U(VI) oxocations in aqueous solution were theoretically investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. As a result, the present calculations clearly supported an experimental result from an energetic point of view that monooxo protactinyl cation, PaO3+, is a preferable species for Pa(V) in aqueous solution, although dioxo protactinyl cation, PaO2+, is not a feasible form. By an analysis of molecular orbitals, we revealed that 6d orbitals of Pa(V) destabilize the pi orbitals of PaO2+, because 6d-2p antibonding orbital conflicts with another 5f-2p bonding orbital. For stable dioxo uranyl cation, UO2(2+), we found that 6d orbitals of U(VI), in contrast, form a bonding orbital with the 2p orbitals, and this bonding orbital coexists at an angle with the 5f-2p bonding orbital due to an electron correlation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Radioactive waste forms stabilized by ChemChar gasification: characterization and leaching behavior of cerium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, and neptunium.

The uses of a thermally reductive gasification process in conjunction with vitrification and cementation for the long-term disposal of low level radioactive materials have been investigated. gamma-ray spectroscopy was used for analysis of carrier-free protactinium-233 and neptunium-239 and a stoichiometric amount of cerium (observed cerium-141) subsequent to gasification and leaching, up to 48 days. High resolution ICP-MS was used to analyze the cerium, thorium, and uranium from 46 to 438 days of leaching. Leaching procedures followed the guidance of ASTM Procedure C 1220-92, Standard Test Method for Static Leaching of Monolithic Waste Forms for Disposal of Radioactive Waste. The combination of the thermally reductive pretreatment, vitrification and cementation produced a highly non-leachable form suitable for long-term disposal of cerium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, and neptunium.

Cerium↗
PubMed2002

Gas-phase chemistry of bare and oxo-ligated protactinium ions: a contribution to a systematic understanding of actinide chemistry.

Gas-phase chemistry of bare and oxo-ligated protactinium ions has been studied for the first time. Comparisons were made with thorium, uranium, and neptunium ion chemistry to further the systematic understanding of 5f elements. The rates of oxidation of Pa(+) and PaO(+) by ethylene oxide compared with those of the homologous uranium ions indicate that the first and second bond dissociation energies, BDE[Pa(+)-O] and BDE[OPa(+)-O], are approximately 800 kJ mol(-1). The relatively facile fluorination of Pa(+) to PaF(4)(+) by SF(6) is consistent with the high stability of the pentavalent oxidation state of Pa. Reactions with ethene, propene, 1-butene, and iso-butene revealed that Pa(+) is a very reactive metal ion. In analogy with U(+) chemistry, ethene was trimerized by Pa(+) to give PaC(6)H(6)(+). Reactions of Pa(+) with larger alkenes resulted in secondary and tertiary products not observed for U(+) or Np(+). The bare protactinium ion is significantly more reactive with organic substrates than are heavier actinide ions. The greatest difference between Pa and heavier actinide congeners was the exceptional dehydrogenation activity of PaO(+) with alkenes; UO(+) and NpO(+) were comparatively inert. The striking reactivity of PaO(+) is attributed to the distinctive electronic structure at the metal center in this oxide, which is considered to reflect the greater availability of the 5f electrons for participation in bonding, either directly or by promotion/hybridization with higher-energy valence orbitals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Identification of transferrin as the main binding site for protactinium in rat blood serum.

The distribution of 233Pa in rat serum at periods between 5 and 50 min after i.v. injection of a solution of protactinium chloride was studied by gel chromatography. Sequential analysis of sera on Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE-Sephadex showed that 233Pa was associated only with the transferrin fraction of the serum proteins. This finding was confirmed by iso-electric focusing electrophoresis. In the cytosol fractions prepared from the liver and kidneys of the 233Pa injected rats the nuclide was also shown to be protein bound.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

First structural characterization of a protactinium(V) single oxo bond in aqueous media.

The present work describes the first structural studies of protactinium(V) in sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid media using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show unambiguously the absence of the trans-dioxo bond that characterizes the other early actinide elements such as U and Np. In concentrated sulfuric acid (13 M), Pa(V) is proved to exhibit a single oxo bond as postulated in the literature for species in more dilute media. In a 0.5 M HF medium, XANES and EXAFS spectra indicate the absence of any oxo bond: Pa(V) exists in the form of a pure fluoro complex.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Protactinium-231 Dating of Carbonates by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Quaternary Climate Change

Measurement of protactinium-231 (231Pa) in carbonates by thermal ionization mass spectroscopy yields 231Pa ages that are more than 10 times more precise than those determined by decay counting. Carbonates between 10 and 250,000 years old can now be dated with 231Pa methods. Barbados corals that have identical 231Pa and thorium-230 (230Th) ages indicate that the timing of sea level change over parts of the last glacial cycle is consistent with the predictions of the Astronomical Theory. Two Devils Hole calcite subsamples record identical 231Pa and 230Th ages, suggesting that the chronology of this climate record is accurate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Protactinium-231 and thorium-230 abundances and high scavenging rates in the western arctic ocean

The Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, largely ice covered and isolated from deep contact with the more dynamic Eurasian Basin by the Lomonosov Ridge, has historically been considered an area of low productivity and particle flux and sluggish circulation. High-sensitivity mass-spectrometric measurements of the naturally occurring radionuclides protactinium-231 and thorium-230 in the deep Canada Basin and on the adjacent shelf indicate high particle fluxes and scavenging rates in this region. The thorium-232 data suggest that offshore advection of particulate material from the shelves contributes to scavenging of reactive materials in areas of permanent ice cover.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Measurement of femtogram quantities of protactinium in silicate rock samples by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

We describe a new method for the chemical separation and analysis of Pa in silicate rock samples by isotope dilution. Our new technique has the following advantages over previous methods: (a) The initial separation of Pa from the rock matrix is carried out using anionic exchange resin and HCl-HF mixtures, avoiding the need to remove F(-) quantitatively from the sample solution prior to this step, (b) Efficient ionization of Pa is achieved using a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, so that smaller sample sizes and shorter measurement times are required, compared to previous methods using thermal ionization mass spectrometry or alpha spectrometry. (c) Plasma ionization requires less efficient separation of the high field strength elements from Pa, thus reducing reagent volumes, blanks, and sample preparation times. Instrumental mass fractionation can be corrected for using admixed U of known isotopic composition. Using this method, Pa concentrations can be measured to a precision of approximately 0.5% and an accuracy of approximately 1% using only a few tens of femtograms of Pa.

Protactinium↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical binding and distribution of protactinium-233 in the rat.

Following intravenous injection into male Sprague-Dawley rats 233Pa, like other elements, deposits predominantly in the skeleton (ca. 70-80 per cent), but unlike Pu and Am the liver deposition of 233Pa is low, about 2-3 per cent between 1 and 7 days. About 99 per cent of the injected 233Pa is lost from the plasma compartment in 3 days, a clearance comparable to that of Pu but much slower than that of Np, Am or Cm. On entering the liver cell cytosol 233Pa is bound rapidly to an unidentified protein of molecular mass 200 kDa and to a protein of 80 kDa, which is probably transferrin. Within a few hours the metal migrates to bind to a protein of greater than 400 kDa which has been tentatively identified as ferritin. Some 233Pa remains bound to small ligands until virtually all the intracellular 233Pa has been deposited in the lysosomes, or to a lesser extent in some other, as yet, unidentified organelles.

Animals↗