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PubMed2026

The Conjugative Megaplasmid pMD9A Mediates Transferring Antibiotic Resistance Genes.

Pseudomonas asiaticais an emerging opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. Current evidence suggests that some isolates exhibit multidrug resistance, which may complicate treatment. In this study, a multidrug-resistant P. asiatica strain MD9 was isolated from aquaculture water. We aimed to characterize its complete genome sequence and investigate the role of its conjugative megaplasmid pMD9A in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. The genome of MD9 consists of one circular chromosome (5,956,782 bp, with a G + C content of 62.5%) and one circular megaplasmid, pMD9A (455,169 bp, with a G + C content of 56.5%). Genome annotation identified 65 antibiotic resistance genes and 148 putative virulence factor-encoding genes in the MD9 genome. The megaplasmid pMD9A carries 29 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. A class 1 integron (intI1) and multiple autonomous conjugative transfer elements were identified in pMD9A. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the β-lactam resistance gene blaOXA-246 could be horizontally transferred from the donor MD9 strain to the recipient Escherichia coli 25DN strain. The megaplasmid pMD9A not only carries a broad array of antibiotic resistance genes, but also facilitates their horizontal spread among environmental bacteria, thereby potentially contributing to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Pseudomonas asiatica↗

PubMed2005

In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method.

Medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of ailments of infectious origin. In the evaluation of traditional claims, scientific research is important. The objective of the study was to determine the presence of antibacterial activity in the crude extracts of some of the commonly used medicinal plants in Malaysia, Andrographis paniculata, Vitex negundo, Morinda citrifolia, Piper sarmentosum, and Centella asiatica. In this preliminary investigation, the leaves were used and the crude extracts were subjected to screening against five strains of bacteria species, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, using standard protocol of Disc Diffusion Method (DDM). The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and MIC values. M. citrifolia, P. sarmentosum and C. asiatica methanol extract and A. paniculata (water extract) have potential antibacterial activities to both gram positive S. aureus and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). None of the five plant extracts tested showed antibacterial activities to gram negative E. coli and K. pneumoniae, except for A. paniculata and P. sarmentosum which showed activity towards P. aeruginosa. A. paniculata being the most potent at MIC of 2 g/disc. This finding forms a basis for further studies on screening of local medicinal plant extracts for antibacteria properties.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Cleome viscosa and Gmelina asiatica.

The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa and roots of Gmelina asiatica were tested for antimicrobial activity. The two plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly significative against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract of C. viscosa showed moderate activity against pathogenic fungi.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed2002

Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Artemisia asiatica Nakai.

The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Artemisia asiatica Nakai, its main constituents: 1,8-cineole and selin-11-en-4alpha-ol and monoterpene alcohols fraction were determined against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula rubra and Aspergillus fumigatus. The oil exhibited a good inhibitory activity against bacteria and fungi. The monoterpene alcohols fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1995

Anti-microbial activity and anti-complement activity of extracts obtained from selected Hawaiian medicinal plants.

Selected plants having a history of use in Polynesian traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious disease were investigated for anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Extracts from Scaevola sericea, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Pipturus albidus and Eugenia malaccensis showed selective anti-viral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and 2 and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Aleurites moluccana extracts showed anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while Pipturus albidus and Eugenia malaccensis extracts showed growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Psychotria hawaiiensis and Solanum niger inhibited growth of the fungi Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum, while Ipomoea sp., Pipturus albidus, Scaevola sericea, Eugenia malaccensis, Piper methysticum, Barringtonia asiatica and Adansonia digitata extracts showed anti-fungal activity to a lesser extent. Eugenia malaccensis was also found to inhibit the classical pathway of complement suggesting that an immunological basis for its in vivo activity was identified. This study has confirmed some of the ethnobotanical reports of Hawaiian medicinal plants having curative properties against infections using biological assays in vitro.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial activity of 18 ethnomedicinal plant extracts were evaluated against nine bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ervinia sp, Proteus vulgaris) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). The collected ethnomedicinal plants were used in folk medicine in the treatment of skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders. METHODS: Plants were collected from Palni hills of Southern Western Ghats and the ethnobotanical data were gathered from traditional healers who inhabit the study area. The hexane and methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity was found using paper disc diffusion method. All microorganisms were obtained from Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. RESULTS: The results indicated that out of 18 plants, 10 plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against one or more of the tested microorganisms at three different concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/disc. Among the plants tested, Acalypha fruticosa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Toddalia asiatica,Cassia auriculata, Punica granatum and Syzygium lineare were most active. The highest antifungal activity was exhibited by methanol extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum and Punica granatum against Candida albicans. CONCLUSION: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the some ethnomedicinal plants used in folkloric medicine. Compared to hexane extract, methanol extract showed significant activity against tested organisms. This study also showed that Toddalia asiatica, Syzygium lineare, Acalypha fruticosa and Peltophorum pterocarpum could be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents.

Albizzia↗