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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Blood parasites of imported psittacine birds.

Of 117 imported psittacine birds examined for the presence of blood parasites, 18 (15-3 per cent) were found to be infected. The most common parasites were microfilaria and Haemoproteus, but Aegyptianella and a Trypanosoma sp were also observed. Haemoproteus handai was diagnosed in several birds and for the first time in lesser sulphur-crested cockatoos. The significance of the parasites observed is discussed and also that of other haematozoa recorded from psittacines but not found during the present survey.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses isolated from psittacine birds.

Isolates of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses from psittacine birds were characterized in the course of studies in cell cultures. The LBD-1 isolate, from a lovebird, was grown in chick kidney (CK) cells. It had the properties of a paramyxovirus but was found tobe serologically distinct from known avian paramyxoviruses. This virus was pathogenic for Japanese quail but not for young chickens or budgerigars. RSL-1 and -2, isolated from diseased rosellas, were propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts and CK cells, and were found similar to other herpesviruses in physicochemical and morphological properties. They were immunologically related to the psittacine herpesvirus which causes Pacheco's parrot disease, and when inoculated into budgerigars produced clinical disease and death with hepatic lesions. The CKT-1 and PKT-1 isolates, from a cockatiel and a budgerigar, grew in fibroblastic cell cultures from several species. Their physicochemical properties suggested that they should be classified as members of the orbivirus group. They were mildly pathogenic for budgerigars.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Pacheco's parrot disease of psittacine birds.

Pacheco's parrot disease was identified as the cause of death of 3 psittacine birds at an aviary. Confirming a previous report, a herpesvirus was found to be the etiologic agent. The virus induced mortality in embryonated chicken eggs and budgerigars. The virus was characterized by electron microscopy, filtration experiments, and ether-sensitivity. Hepatic lesions in chick embryos and budgerigars were similar by light- and electron-microscope studies. Naked and enveloped nucleocapsids were seen in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes, and naked virions were present in the sinusoids of the liver. Multinucleated cells in the liver contained virus in both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions; the latter inclusions were both membrane-bound and not. Vaccination of budgerigars with a commercial lyophilized Marek's disease vaccine did not prevent infection with the Pacheco's disease herpesvirus.

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PubMed1979

Zoonotic diseases in psittacine birds: apparent increased occurrence of chlamydiosis (psittacosis), salmonellosis, and giardiasis.

Between September 1977 and November 1978, chlamydiosis (psittacoisis) was diagnosed in 52 of 128 parrots, 5 of 12 cockatiels, 2 of 5 cockatoos, 3 of 6 macaws, 1 of 22 conures, 2 of 18 lovebirds, and 6 of 76 parakeets; 2 lories and 1 lorikeet were chlamydiosis negative. Two cases of human chlamydiosis were associated with two submissions of parrots subsequently found to have active infection. Twenty parrots (including 13 that were chlamydiosis positive), 2 cockatiels, 1 macaw, 1 lorie, and 1 parakeet yielded salmonella organisms, of which 16 were identified as Salmonella typhimurium, 8 as untypeable monophasic salmonellae of serogroup B, and 1 as S arizonae. Three S typhimurium from parrots that had been treated with chlortetracycline for chlamydiosis were resistant to tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfonamides; another isolate was found to be resistant to chloramphenicol only. Severe giardiasis was diagnosed in parakeets originating from six aviaries.

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PubMed2026

First molecular detection and partial ORF1 characterization of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) in domesticated parrots of Northern Vietnam.

Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV), currently classified within the species Circovirus parrot, is an infectious agent in avian species, particularly psittacine birds. PBFDV is the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), leading to feather loss, deformed beaks and nails, immunosuppression, and high mortality. However, there is limited information on PBFDV in Vietnam, particularly in domesticated parrots. This study aims to detect and molecularly characterize PBFDV in psittacine birds in Northern Vietnam. Among the 193 psittacine birds tested by conventional PCR, 48 were PBFDV-positive, corresponding to a positivity rate of 24.87%. Based on partial ORF1 characterization, phylogenetic tree analysis of the ten PBFDV sequences showed that genotype I, which exhibits genetic diversity, is circulating in Vietnam. This study highlights the importance of genomic characterization of PBFDV in domesticated exotic psittacine birds in Vietnam. Together with the recent cases of PBFD in domestic parrots, further surveillance is needed to elucidate the host specificity, transmission, and pathophysiology of PBFDV.

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PubMed1975

Psittacine herpesvirus infection resembling pacheco's parrot disease.

Herpesvirus was detected by electron microscopy in hepatocytes of psittacine birds that died at a Florida aviary. The virus was identified in hepatocytes of chick embryos and budgerigars that were given injections of liver suspensions from naturally infected psittacines. Infected hepatocytes had prominent intranuclear inclusions that contained naked nucleocapsids. Both naked and enveloped virions were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and enveloped nucleocapsids occasionally were seen in the perinuclear cisternae and extracellularly. The experimental and spontaneous disease mimicked a condition in parrots described previously by Pacheco. The viral agent was classified as Herpesvirus on the bases of the character of the intranuclear inclusions, the size and conformation of the agent as determined by electron microscopy and filtration, and the sensitivity of the agent to ether.

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PubMed1979

Isolation of a herpesvirus from an American kestrel with inclusion body disease.

A herpesvirus was isolated from the liver of a captive-bred American kestrel (Falco sparverius) which had died of inclusion body disease. Initial isolation was achieved in chicken embryo fibroblasts after three blind passages. Cell-adapted virus produced a distinct rounding of CEF cells within 24 to 48 h. Biologic and serologic tests suggested that the kestrel virus is similar to falcon herpesvirus and pigeon herpesvirus and is at least partially related to owl herpesvirus. However, serologic tests indicated that the kestrel herpesvirus is neither related to infectious laryngotracheitis virus nor to a herpesvirus from a psittacine bird; (Eupsittula canicularis) with Pacheco's parrot disease. This is the first report on the recovery of a herpesvirus similar to falcon herpesvirus from an American kestrel with naturally-occurring inclusion body disease, and on the serologic comparison between falcon herpesvirus and a psittacine herpesvirus.

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PubMed1976

[Mycobacterial intestinal disease in woodpigeons (Columbia palumbus) (author's transl)].

During and shortly after the second world war, an infection bearing a resemblance to avian tuberculosis was observed in woodpigeons in Denmark and Great Britain. These birds had been found dead or been shot. The patogenic agent, however, could not be isolated by the usual methods. In the Netherlands, the disease was also detected in woodpigeons and occasionally in psittacine birds. The histological changes bore a resemblance to those observed in Johne's disease. Detailed bacteriological and experimental studies showed that there were two different infections. One agent was a mycobacterium of the species, which could not be grown on the usual culture media for M. tuberculosis, whereas it could on the media used in the culture of M. paratuberculosis, particularly Smith's medium. The bacterium also soon becomes rough on this culture medium. As a result, differentiation of serological types by Schaefer's method failed. The other type of mycobacterium (which indeed causes a similar form of intestinal disease) could be readily cultured and was identified as M. avium type 2. The former mycobacterium is still nameless in point of fact but is sometimes wrongly referred to as Mycobacterium columbae. This rod was not found to be pathogenic for the domesticated pigeon (Columba livia), not even when intestinal mucosa containing large numbers of bacteria and obtained from a diseases woodpigeon which had died recently, was inoculated orally in recently hatched specimens of the domesticated pigeon. To account for the appearance of tuberculosis in native woodpigeons, it is suggested that low plasma transferrin levels could result in marked susceptibility to infections such as tuberculosis and trichomoniasis.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of Pacheco's disease herpesvirus in Texas.

Pacheco's disease herpesvirus was determined to be the agent responsible for the death of about 200 psittacine birds comprising five species. Clinical signs, necropsy lesions, and virus isolation and identification methods are described.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and growth characteristics of psittacine viruses in chicken embryos.

Eight viruses were isolated in embryonating eggs, from psittacine birds comprising a cockatiel, a budgerigar, 3 parrots, a love bird, and 2 rosellas. Initial attempts at isolation used 3 routes of embryo inoculation: yolk sac, allantoic sac, and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The most sensitive route was determined for 6 of the isolates by making comparative titrations by yolk sac, allantoic sac, and CAM routes of inoculation. In growth-curve studies of 6 of the isolates, virus concentration was determined daily for 5-6 days postinoculation in the CAM, allantoamnionic fluid, and liver. Peak virus concentrations appeared in about 72 hours. The embryonic lesions observed are described. Only one of the isolates hemagglutinated fowl red blood cells.

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PubMed1977

[Some viral zoonoses transmitted by pets (author's transl)].

Besides dogs and cats, various other animals are more or less popular as pets in the Netherlands. It is importance to the veterinary practitioner to know which diseases may be transmitted to man by these animals. Of the viral zoonoses. rabies constitutes a menace to man, in which dogs and, to a less extent, cats supply a link between man and free-living wild animals. Another viral zoonosis in which interest was centered in recent years, is lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) caused by a virus which often is latent in mice but which may also be detected in young hamsters. A human disease caused by a pathogenic agent which should not be classified with the viruses, is chlamydiosis (psittacosis, ornithosis), which disease is usually transmitted to man by psittacine birds or pigeons. Of the above disease, the pathogenic agents, the clinical pictures in man and animals, the mode of transmission and possible preventive and therapeutic measures are discussed. Finally, the risk of transmission of viral zoonoses by less current "pets" is stressed.

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