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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The concept of "classical" psychoanalysis.

In this essay, the term classical psychoanalysis is discussed historically and conceptually. What characterizes classical analysis and distinguishes it from current innovative trends in the practice of psychoanalysis is reviewed from a comparative standpoint. The impact of the widened scope of conditions the psychoanalyst currently includes in his therapeutic work is considered, with special attention to the distinction between psychoanalysis per se in the classical sense and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

Awareness↗
PubMed1979

Comments on the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis.

Together with some of the problems inherent in psychoanalysis as a therapy, I have described what the various schools of psychoanalysis hold in common--the basic assumptions, if you will, underlying any properly conducted psychoanalysis.

Awareness↗
PubMed1979

[Speaking - understanding - interpreting - remembering. The hermeneutic discussion of psychoanalysis].

The situation of the therapeut-patient interview is taken as unifying point of reference for a discussion of the relation between psychoanalysis and hermeneutics. ""Speaking,'' ""Understanding'', ""Interpreting'', ""Remembering'' - these constituents are of central importance in psychoanalysis as well as in hermeneutics. The situation of the therapeut-patient interview permits of developing the respective ways of thinking in different schools of hermeneutics, in a relatively consistent field that is determined by the situation of the interview. Thus the possibilities and limits of a hermeneutical reception of psychoanalysis become apparent.

Communication↗
PubMed1979

From avant-garde to specialism: psychoanalysis in America.

Psychoanalysis in America functioned first largely as an avant-garde phenomenon. Later psychoanalysis became a specialty within a bureaucratic society. Both roles help explain the importance and the limitations of freud's impact on American culture.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of defensive language behavior in patient monologues to the course of psychoanalysis.

Examined the relationship of the time-course of psychoanalysis to progressive alteration of defensive language behavior in 7 patients. Spontaneous 5-minute monologues were recorded over 1 1/2 years of three-times-a-week individual psychotherapy. Weintraub and Aronson's (1962) formal measures of defensive language were used: nonpersonal references, negators, qualifiers, retractors, explaining expressions of feeling, and evaluators. The magnitude of defensive speech displayed by a patient was able to predict significantly the duration of psychoanalysis undergone by that patient in 4 of 7 cases.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

The reconstruction of childhood in psychoanalysis.

Reconstructions are defined as genetic propositions showing not only what happened to the individual in childhood, but also how he adopted his particular solutions to conflict situations in the past and how he continues to be guided today by that experience of the past. The relative neglect of environmental failures in psychoanalysis is traced to Freud's shift from physical to psychic reality, although the gains from this shift are acknowledged. The discussion of fantasy and historical fact proceeds to an examination of the case for and the case against the use of reconstructions, and the nature of memory in psychoanalysis. A clinical illustration leads to a synthesis of the conflicting views, emphasizing that both the analyst and the patient need to remain in touch with the past, the current life, and the transference relationship. The paper is concluded with the views of modern historians.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Present day Marxist sociology and psychoanalysis].

The main common theme in psychoanalysis and Marxist sociology is the understanding that it is not consciousness that determines being, but being (spiritual, social) that determines consciousness. The different variations of Marxist movements today are in fact distant from Marx's theory of sociology. They have become representatives of utopian socialism, using anarchistic methods to achieve that aim. This development can only be understood as a social neurosis, with the narcistic frustation of the intellectual class as its cause, and grandiose claims, intolerance, dogmatic thinking and destructive behaviour as its symptoms. The only justified criticism of psychoanalysis from the pseudo-Marxist side is based on the imperfection and error in the analytical doctrine of superego. This should be replaced by the idea of conscious, subjective, emotional morality which clearly explains the aggression contained in social structures.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

Clinical measurement in psychoanalysis: an approach.

Measurement of the complex phenomena in psychoanalysis is approached by defining interrelated elements in the analytic situation and specifying the range of their variation in scales which can be both generalized and made specific for an individual patient. Using this approach in transcripts of psychoanalytic sessions, we rate painful emotion, impairment of defensive maneuvers, and activation of threatening conflictual fantasies. This preliminary study involved rating of tape-recorded sessions by psychoanalytically oriented judges. Quantitative estimates appeared to relate in many ways to qualitative fluctuations in the patient's state. Such an approach may be helpful in developing more effective clinical theory about emotions, defensive processes, and transference fantasies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychoanalysis and suggestion].

In the history of psychoanalysis the problem of suggestion has been a central one. At first it involved the necessity to establish the psychoanalytic technique as independent scientific paradigm in contrast to persuasion and hypnosis. However, it was not only the symptom-oriented suggestion that had to be given up for scientific reasons and reasons of treatment technique. Since professional and human factors as well could have influenced the psychoanalytic situation to revert to the traditional "suggestion", Freud has given some technical considerations (e.g. the mirror-analogy), that were meant to counteract the confusion of the psychoanalytic technique with the persuasive one that had to come up to late. The discovery of the transference phenomena has further complicated the problem. It became obvious that the capacity of the analyst to exert an influence and to have impact, originated in very basic human categories and their specific psychogenetic developments and distortions. This understanding contributed to the development of psychoanalytic theories of suggestibility. Until the present day the discovery of the transference phenomena has determined the discussions of psychoanalytic technique in term of the relationship between the special and general therapeutic factors (i.e. interpretation versus relationship). The departure from the therapeutic mode of persuasive suggestion and the introduction of psychoanalytic technique signaled the revolutionary paradigm of Sigmund Freud, i.e. the active participation of the patient and the process of observation. Often scientific problems related to this pradigm and suggestion are discussed concurrently.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Nervous and mental disease. Genetics and the future of psychoanalysis.

Genetics has been associated with psychoanalytic theory since the earliest writings of Freud. Innate factors of constitution and heredity have been recognized in studies of adults and children, both retrospective and prospective. Contemporary genetics has become a science of gene expression and control, not merely of transmission, and its influence will illuminate processes of interaction in the development of affect and personality. As new genetic proposals and practices influence the choices and meanings of human life, they will have a profound effect on man's decisions, values, and self-image, and psychoanalysis will need to reaffirm its interpreative role. Finally, more effective prevention and treatment will be based on better appreciation of the interacting roles of genotype and environment.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Ideology and education (influence): notices on the pseudo-question on medical and non-medical psychoanalysis].

Argumentations pro or contra "medical" or "non-medical" psychoanalysis are rarely free from ideologies. Only in the stage of psychoanalytical self-cognition the question becomes another one. It must be differentiated between the educational background and training of the psychoanalyst. It is just the educational background (academica finally examination in medicine, psychologie, theologie etc.) which produces attitudes, which can form (influence) the training in a wrong way. Such discussions become easily a pseudo-question because of a narrow class-arrogance. The urgency of using psychoanalytical concepts and methods in the social field should help to reconcile contrasts.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1979

The "subliminal" versus the "subconscious" in the American acceptance of psychoanalysis, 1906-1910.

Insofar as Frederic W. H. Myers' conceptions of the "subliminal" were spread by the Boston-based "Emmanuel movement" for medically supervised religious psychotherapy (fl. 1906-1910), the movement probably did more to help than to hinder American acceptance of Freudian ideas. Certainly, many academic psychologists' conceptions of the "unconscious" and "subconscious" were a hindrance.

Austria↗
PubMed1978

Psychoanalysis.

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Delivery of Health Care↗