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Results for “Psychological Factors”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[The role of microsocial and psychological factors in the development of stable psychological changes in children].

The author conducted a clinical study of 305 children with epilepsy, the results of which were correlated with stable psychic changes, microsocial, psychological factors and identical heredity. It was established that pathological personality traits in the parents, a situation of conflicts in the family and a wrong rearing were significantly higher in mentally changed epileptic children. An identical hereditary loading does not form significant correlations with stable mental changes. The conclusion is being made that an unfavourable situation may exert a certain impact on the formation of a character in children with eilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

The impact of pharmacogenetic-informed care on medication adherence and psychological factors associated with adherence: A narrative review.

Improvement in medication adherence is often proposed as a potential advantage of pharmacogenetic-guided prescribing over a traditional one-size-fits-all approach. This paper provides a review of the published literature and presents the findings of studies that measure adherence to medication as an outcome of pharmacogenetic-informed care, or that measure the impact of pharmacogenetic-informed care on psychological factors that are associated with medication adherence. Adherence-related psychological factors are mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to provide insight into how participants interact with pharmacogenetic-informed care as an intervention and to consider this in the context of medication adherence. A total of 23 studies were included, with 10 quantitative studies measuring medication adherence outcomes associated with pharmacogenetic-informed care. Five of these studies found a statistically significant improvement in adherence in the pharmacogenetic-tested group, two reported a small but non-significant trend, and three showed no difference. Additionally, 13 studies examined the impact of pharmacogenetic-informed care on psychological factors related to adherence. These factors were mapped to 10 TDF domains: knowledge (8 studies); social/professional role and identity (1); beliefs about capabilities (2); optimism (4); beliefs about consequences (10); intentions (5); goals (1); memory, attention and decision processes (7); social influences (4); and emotion (8). The findings suggest that although the evidence for pharmacogenetic-informed care improving medication adherence is mixed and limited, pharmacogenetic-informed care appears to positively influence psychological factors that may support adherence. These include improving knowledge, supporting decision-making and generally being perceived as a positive experience by patients.

adherence↗
PubMed1978

[Pluri-dimensional study of psychological factors in coronary disease].

To palliate certain criticisms levelled at workers studying psychological factors in coronary artery disease, the authors have applied a pluri-dimensional approach associating a semi-direct psychological interview, a self-evaluation test (Bortner scale), an Eysenck personality test and Sandler and Hazari's test of obsessional behaviour. This protocol was applied to 222 patients hospitalised for coronary artery disease and 522 random controls. The psychological interview and Bortner test showed a significantly higher proportion of A pattern and especially extreme A pattern behaviour in patients with coronary artery disease (32.6 % in coronary patients 9.7 % in controls). The personality questionnaire showed a greater tendency to neurotic behaviour in the coronary patients. These results were independant of age and sex. In the present study, psychological factors are given equal importance to other major risk factors (tobacco, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia). They are independant of these other factors. A prospective study using the same protocol is being prepared.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Psychological factors and adolescent illicit drug use: ethnicity and sex differences.

Of four psychological factors examined in a representative sample of New York State secondary school students, only two, depressive mood and normlessness, show a positive relationship with the use of illicit drugs, especially drugs other than marihuana. The association of depressive mood and normlessness with illegal multiple drug use varies by ethnicity and sex, being consistently stronger among girls and among whites. In addition, depressive mood is negatively related to multiple drug use for black and Puerto Rican boys. These findings suggest that psychological factors play a different role in adolescent drug involvement within various social and cultural groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of psychological factors in pregnancy to progress in labor.

A prospective study of 32 normal, married primigravidas was conducted to determine the relationship between psychological factors in the third trimester of pregnancy and progress in two defined phases of labor. Data were analyzed for the total group and with five subjects deleted to control partially for the effect of medications. Psychological variables measured in pregnancy had significant correlations with variables measured at the onset of phase two labor. Conflict concerning the acceptance of pregnancy showed the most significant relationships to the phase two labor variables with correlations of .39 with anxiety, .59 with plasma epinephrine, -.70 and -.52 with two adjacent Montevideo units, and .58 with length of labor in phase two (3-10 cm cervical dilation). Other pregnancy variables which significantly correlated with the labor variables were identification of a motherhood role, history of psychological counseling or psychiatric treatment, the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and fears related to helplessness, pain, loss of control, and loss of self-esteem. Several psychological variables measured in pregnancy also correlated significantly with length of labor in phase three and type of delivery. The results demonstrate that specific psychological factors in pregnancy are predictive of progress in labor.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Psychological factors and clinical observations in acupuncture analgesia and pain abatement.

The present study attempted to (a) replicate findings on acupuncture reported in the Chinese literature; (b) investigate the effects of acupuncture in achieving analgesia and pain abatement; and (c) isolate the relevant psychological and/or physiological variables involved. Fifty volunteer men and women between 18 and 30 years of age were administered the acupuncture phase of this study for induction of analgesia and relief of pain in the oral cavity. A comparable group of 30 additional Ss were included in the study for comparison with the acupuncture group on several objective psychological measures. Forty of the acupuncture Ss were classified as totally successful. No significant differences between the acupuncture group and the comparable control group were obtained on the objective psychological measures, including measures of personality, suggestibility, anxiety, and attitudes. The results appear to indicate that psychological factors are minimally involved in obtaining analgesia and pain abatement with acupuncture techniques. Several interesting clinical observations were noted during the acupuncture procedure, including absence of discernable signs of analgesia, consistency of results, contralateral analgesic effect related to the location of acupuncture needles, etc. These results were discussed in terms of the possible role of physiological and psychological factors in acupuncture. Possible areas of future research were also discussed.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1978

Premorbid psychological factors as related to cancer incidence.

In planning for studies relating psychological factors and/or stress (PF&/oS) to cancer, one should be aware of epidemiological findings that might contribute to or even account wholly for any found relationships. Most studies have not examined the known biological causes of cancer, nor have they described a rationale for relationships sought. The two broad mechanisms leading to cancer, carcinogens and lowered resistance to it, include physical and chemical causes, viruses and chronic infection, medication, genetic predisposition, hormonal stimuli, and aging. Interfering variables may bias or dilute a real relationship. Validity and reliability of instruments measuring PF&/oS are so variable as to warrant considerable care in their use. The latent periods of different cancers are measured in years, not months, with consequent potent impact on possible inferences drawn from prebiopsy and short prospective studies. In these and in retrospective studies, cancer can have strong and biasing effects on apparently straightforward PF&/oS measurements, as can iatrogenic effects. Some theoretical issues are discussed. The known prospective studies are discussed and reasons are given for the view that they are less convincing then many seem to think. A sketch of a model relating PF&/oS to cancer appearance is outlined, with some theoretical implications, and issues in research design are addressed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological factors in the etiology of ulcerative colitis: objectlessness and rage.

In this second investigation of psychological factors in the etiology of ulcerative colitis, the author again utilizes unusual cases characterized by limited variables preceding illness. The first investigation involved several patients whose partial deafness antedated their illness. A significant point was that prior to developing their illness, all these patients had arrived at a state of objectlessness which was abetted by the deafness. This report presents four ulcerative colitis patients with pre-existing organic problems affecting their mental status. Two of the patients are severely mentally retarded. A third patient has rapidly advancing multiple sclerosis, and a fourth--actually an addition to the earlier study--has long-standing partial deafness. Aside from the objectlessness which was also prominent in the earlier group, all four patients demonstrate a consistent pattern of vicious self-directed rage. This paper takes into account the interaction between the rage and the state of objectlessness in the production of illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The relationship between some psychological factors and the outcome of medical rehabilitation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between some psychological factors and the outcome or rehabilitation. The subjects were 70 patients at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Hospital, Jönköping. The mean age was 45.8 years (range 20-66). They were subjected to an intelligence test, a personality inventory and a perceptual test. The outcome of the rehabilitation was measured with ratings by the staff members and by the patient himself. Positive factors for a sucessful rehabilitation was low age, good education, good intelligence and a high degree of dominance (i.e. self-confidence, ego-strength, a need to attract attention and no guilt feelings). A negative personality factor was passive dependence (i.e. lack of independence, application for assistance and dependence on other people). The most pronounced factor was field dependence-independence. The field independent subjects reached a more sucessful rehabilitation than the field dependent. This may be due to the fact that a field independent person makes his perceptual judgements according to inner frames of reference and directs and organizes his experiences more than does the field dependent. He also uses more complex and more specialized defences and experiences his own body in an analytical fashion which results in an articulated body concept and a well-developed sense of separate identity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Psychological factors in diabetes mellitus. A review of the literature with emphasis on adolescence.

In this thorough review of the literature of the past 100 years concerning psychological factors in diabetes mellitus, interpretation is channeled toward adolescence. In addition, emphasis is given to the major role that emotional components play in the development and maintenance of the brittle teenage diabetic. The integration of adolescent developmental issues of into physician treatment plans is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Social and psychological factors in relation to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain.

Age, country of birth, marital status, attitude to work, smoking and drinking habits, childbearing, sex life and psychological factors are all linked to the frequency of menstrual pain and premenstrual tension. The relationship between the psychosocial and menstrual characteristics may be causal or related to some other constitutional factor (or factors) which determines both. The profile of women suffering from premenstrual tension and menstrual pain is described. In management, associated psychosocial factors and the relationship betweem these and the described menstrual problems needs to be taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychological factors of non-ulcer dyspepsia].

Given the absence of any demonstrable organic reason for non-ulcer dyspepsia, and the well known fact, that the psyche influences stomach function, it is widely held, that psychological factors cause NUD. To now, studies are concerned with the psychopathology and personality of NUD-patients, their illness behaviour, and with the relation between stress and abdominal pain. A critical review of these studies revealed, that among the psychological variables mainly anxiety and illness behaviour seems to play a central role in NUD. However, future studies should focus more on the distinction towards other functional disorders and on the differentiation within the heterogeneous group of NUD-patients (especially with regard to physiological variables). Besides this, it seems rewarding to examine the so far scientifically neglected group of subjects with abdominal pain, who do not contact a physician.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1976

Psychologic factors associated with obesity.

Obesity, particularly of the juvenile-onset type, is often associated with anger and anxiety underlying a facade of joviality. There may be marked disturbances of body image. Regardless of whether psychologic factors are the cause or result of obesity, they must be considered if efforts at weight reduction are to be successful. Substitutes for the gratification of food must be provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Latent profile analysis of pregnant exercise adherence and the relationship with demographic and socio-psychological factors: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy physical activity (PA) and exercise benefits both mothers and babies, but requires sustained adherence. Many pregnant women fail to meet recommended levels. The reasons for low adherence comprised fluctuating physiological and environmental factors. This study aims to identify discrete profiles of pregnant women based on exercise adherence and to examine differences in demographic and socio-psychological factors across these profiles. METHODS: A survey was conducted among 1,255 pregnant women in three hospitals in Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Shunde, China, using the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS), the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (P-ESES), and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Social Support Scale (P-PASSS). In the analysis, EARS items were scored higher, indicating a healthier state (e.g., sufficient time and energy). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to classify adherence profiles, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine differences in demographic, self-efficacy, and social support across four groups. RESULTS: Four profiles of exercise adherence were identified: (1) Profile 1 (16.97%), characterized by deficits in time and energy, (2) Profile 2 (15.22%), a group with sufficient time resources but the lowest self-efficacy, (3) Profile 3 (43.98%), characterized by high adherence despite moderate barriers, and (4) Profile 4 (23.83%), a group with optimal exercise adherence, confidence, and resources. Women with higher P-ESES (OR: 1.14-1.38) and P-PASSS (OR: 1.04-1.06) scores were more likely to be in Profiles 3 and 4. Additionally, women's partners who never or occasionally exercise were significantly more likely to be categorized into Profile 1 (OR = 0.18 for Profile 4 vs. Profile 1). Furthermore, the first trimester emerged as a significant risk period for lower exercise adherence, whereas overweight/obesity was independently associated with higher odds of membership in Profile 4. CONCLUSION: The study identified four distinct profiles of exercise adherence among pregnant women. 32.19% of participants were in the two lower exercise-adherence groups. Pregnant women in Profile 1 were characterized by challenges related to a lack of time and knowledge. Participants in Profile 2 showed the lowest exercise self-efficacy and social support among the four profiles. Furthermore, women in early pregnancy were more likely to have lower adherence profiles. Hence, targeted interventions addressing these specific groups are warranted to improve exercise adherence during pregnancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Peptic ulcer in childhood. Psychological factors.

Thirty children (20 girls and 10 boys, aged 6-16 years) with primary peptic ulcers, matched in paris for age, sex and socio-economic standard to a group of 30 ulcer-free controls, were submitted to a structured psychiatric interview, a structured 'present psychiatric state' examination and to personality and intelligence tests. With one exception all patients suffered from duodenal ulcer; 3 male patients had personalities with psychopathic elements, 7 patients had nicknames, 5 suffered from psychiatric disorders, 3 had attempted suicide in the past, and 3 had had homosexual experiences. These parameters were negative in all controls. The patients had lower mean IQ, worse scholastic adaptation, more anxious and overprotective parents, higher frequency of faddiness in food and lower frequency of nail-biting than the controls. Psychotraumatic events had preceded the onset of ulcer symptomatology in 11 cases. The findings are discussed and the contribution of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of childhood peptic ulcer is stressed.

Adolescent↗