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Results for “Psychological effects”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

War stress and civilian Vietnamese. A study of psychological effects.

Psychological disturbance, measured by Macmillan's Health Opinion Survey, was assessed among 102 evacuees from a battlefront in South Vietnam. The amount of stress experienced was estimated by means of Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale as well as by indicators of economic disadvantage associated with herbicide spraying and of family break-up by military service and casualties. Through comparative analysis with other groups in Vietnam and elsewhere, it is shown that the evacuees display a higher level of emotional disturbance than any group to whom they can be compared except for a sample of Vietnamese prisoners of war. The levels of disturbance exhibited by the evacuees are in turn correlated with indicators of various kinds and combinations of war stress. It is suggested that women who were bereft of a husband or son and who experienced economic reverses were especially vulnerable. The psychological response most characteristic of the evaucuated men and women has features similar to clinical depression, and it appears not to have been short-lived or transient.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Psychological effects of symptoms associated with labyrinthitis. a case study.

The psychological effects of postviral labyrinthitis in a patient who had been undergoing intensive psychotherapy are reported. The mildness of the physiological symptome was in contrast to the magnitude of the psychological consequences. The general psychological effects of illness on the patient are differentiated from the specific psychological correlates of vertiginous symptoms. The factors that contributed to the psychological effects and the psychological impact of these symptoms are discussed. There is a special potency to the cited effects in patients with specific personality characteristics.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1992

Alpidem and lorazepam in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders: comparison of physiological and psychological effects.

The physiologcal and psychological effects of the novel imidazo-pyridine alpidem were compared with those of the benzodiazepine lorazepam in the context of a clinical trial. Twenty-three psychiatric out-patients with generalised anxiety disorder received alpidem (mean dose 112.5 mg daily) or lorazepam (mean 3.5 mg daily) in doses adjusted to clinical need under double-blind conditions. A battery of tests was performed before and after four weeks treatment. Anxiety scores improved very significantly in both groups with no subjective sedation nor other particular side-effects noted in either group. However, lorazepam reduced the EEG averaged evoked response and produced significant impairment in the reaction time and memory tests whereas alpidem had no such effects. Alpidem therefore shows promise as an effective anxiolytic devoid of the adverse psychomotor and cognitive effects often associated with the benzodiazepines.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

The psychological effects of isolation in protected environments.

The authors questioned the directors of 13 protected-environment installations on the psychological effects of protected environment treatment. Psychological problems reported included anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, withdrawal, regression, and hallucinations. Children seemed to adapt better than adults to protected environments. Respondents recommended the use of preentry orientation, structured recreation programs, steps to prevent time disorientation, and psychological support for both patients and staff to minimize the psychological effects of treatment in protected environments.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1976

The psychological effects of vasectomy for American men.

Evidence concerning the psychological effects of vasectomy for American men was reviewed. Surveys of postoperative sexual behavior, satisfaction, and/or happiness suggest that the effects of vasectomy are generally positive. Data from studies employing clinical interviews and/or psychological tests, however, support a very different conclusion. These investigations which are generally superior in methodology and measurement techniques to the survey studies indicate that (a) although men in general verbally express satisfaction with vasectomy, many men are probably describing feelings which have been distorted as part of an attempt to cope with their private concerns about the consequences of the operation; and (b) many men experience some difficulty in adjusting to the psychological consequences of vasectomy. Implications for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the psychological effects of facial deformity in children.

Anecdotal reports of the psychological effects of facial deformity suggest that the area around the mouth is of crucial importance. In the first of two studies, children in London and Amsterdam ranked drawings of facially deformed children; their ordering was consistent, with a hare lip or protruding teeth being the most commonly rejected. A second study followed up 24 children aged about 8 years who had had a hare lip repair. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that such children differ from their non-handicapped peers in overt behavior in school.

Attitude↗

PubMed1975

Growth hormone treatment in hypopituitary dwarfs: longitudinal psychological effects.

This is one of a series of studies on the psychological effects of medically induced growth in a group of hypopituitary dwarfs treated with Human Growth Hormone (HGH). Before treatment these dwarfs were found to be psychologically immature and hypoactive, without any manifestation of aggressive drives, and had an underlying low self-esteem when compared with the normal population. When compared with a matched group with constitutional growth delay the hypopituitary patients were found to use denial, whereas the control group used well-organized compensatory mechanisms (9). Immaturity was found in both groups. When the hypopituitary dwarfs reached adolescence they lacked the core attributes of masculinity or femininity and manifested some ambiguity or even inversion in their choice of gender role (10). This report deals with their psychological evolution in relation to physical growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The clinical and psychological effects of pemoline in depressed patients--a controlled study.

The clinical and psychological effects of pemoline were compared with placebo in a double-blind study of 20 depressed patients. Target symptoms were disturbances of concentration and memory, tension, depression, fatigue, decreased libido, anorexia and insomnia. The two groups were matched for their clinical picture, age, sex, and duration of illness. During the three-week study period the pemoline group received 50 mg daily. Significant differences in some clinical symptoms were found between the groups, but not in the performance of psychological tests, administered before and after the three-week study period. These differences proved the effectiveness of pemoline in combating symptoms of disturbances in concentration, memory, tension, depression and fatigue.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Further observations on the psychometric properties of the Psychological Effectiveness Scale.

Previous work by Poe and by the present writer have shown that the Psychological Effectiveness Scale (PES) has sufficiently high validity and reliability to justify continued research on the instrument. In an attempt to study further the psychometric attributes of the PES, 54 American men and women volunteer methadone clinic patients were assigned a wider range of rating tasks than had hitherto been used. The Ss rated themselves under six different instructions. Internal consistency reliability, measured by coefficient alpha, was in the .90s in all ratings. The differences between the means of some of the ratings were significant at the .01 level. Average item-correlation (total minus item) was also high. These findings, consistent with the results of earlier work, confirm the reliability and construct validity of the PES.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[The psychological effects of intensive care (author's transl)].

After some twelve years experience as a Consultant Anaesthesist in Intensive Therapy Units the author suffered a catastrophic illness which required a period of artificial ventilation in the I.T.U. in which he worked. He found that much of what he and others had written about the psychological effects on the patient of intensive therapy was mistaken. The main psychological problems were anxiety, disorientation and exhaustion and communication difficulties. The methods used by the author to achieve recall of these distressing events and suggestions as to how such problems may be alleviated are discussed.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1979

A comparison of the clinical and psychological effects of diazepam and amylobarbitone in anxious patients.

1. Twenty-four anxious inpatients were treated with diazepam, amylobarbitone sodium and placebo in flexible dosage for 1 week. They each received all three treatments according to a fully-balanced design, using double-blind procedures. 2. The clinical and the psychological effects of the drugs were assessed by the comprehensive battery of psychiatrist's ratings, subjective and psychological tests before treatment and at the end of each week of treatment. The tests included self-rating of anxiolytic and hypnotic effects, reaction-time, card sorting, coding and cancellation tasks, arithmetic and tappin. 3. Diazepam improved significantly subjective anxiety and insomnia, while amylobarbitone improved only the self-rated quality of sleep. Occasion effects were absent on clinical measures, indicating that the patients did not respond to non-specific temporal factors. Performance on motor tasks improved over time because of the expected practice effect, but an impairment relative to placebo was detected on two motor tests after the barbiturate and on four other tests with a cognitive component after the benzodiazepine.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The psychological effects of differential treatment of a high risk sample in a randomized clinical trial.

A study was carried out using 616 participants in a randomized clinical trial at the Harvard MRFIT (Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial) Clinical Center, to test if there were differences in the psychological dimensions of anxiety, depression, and functional heart symptoms in groups given different levels of treatment in a CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) Intervention Program. A theoretical framework was given to justify a number of hypotheses as to the induction of adverse psychological effects. At the end of two years in the MRFIT Program there were no significant differences between the special intervention group (SI) and the usual care group (UC) in the selected psychological variables.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1977

The psychological effect of a screening programme and clinical trial for hypertension upon the participants.

Two hundred and thirty-five entrants into the MRC trial for mild to moderate hypertension were matched with control subjects in order to assess the psychological effects of a screening programme and recruitment into a clinical trial. The prevalence and incidence of psychiatric morbidity among the trial participants were compared with those of the controls by means of responses to a self-administered questionnaire and diagnostic psychiatric interviews. No differences among the groups were shown between screening and entry into the trial, but after entry the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the trial participants fell. This was due to a greater improvement of those with psychiatric symptoms at entry in this group, the incidence of new morbidity being similar among the groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

The psychological effects of sudden infant death syndrome on surviving family members.

It has been estimated that 7,000 to 10,000 deaths each year may be attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although some clinicians have published their personal observations regarding the psychological effects of SIDS on surviving family members, a literature search failed to reveal more thorough studies of the aftermath of SIDS. This study reports the responses to a 13-page questionnaire of 32 parents who had experienced SIDS. Several major findings were observed: (1) SIDS is the most severe crisis these parents had ever experienced, taking their families an average of 8.3 months to regain the level of family organization they had held prior to the death, and taking individual parents an average of 15.9 months to regain the level of personal happiness they had held prior to the death; (2) a majority of parents suffered personal guilt, and numerous other psychological and/or physiological difficulties; (3) relationships with other family members were affected in various ways in the vast majority of cases; and (4) 60 percent of parents who had experienced SIDS in this particular population could not be found for participation in the study; all of these parents had, within 2 1/2 years of the death, moved from their home towns. Implications for crisis prevention and intervention are outlined.

Crisis Intervention↗

PubMed1977

Psychological effects of diethylstilbestrol exposure.

The psychological response of daughters and their mothers to discovery of in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure was studied. At the DES Colposcopy Clinic, 41 daughters and 20 mothers were extensively interviewed. Twelve patients with abnormal cytology tests were controls. Initial anxiety was usually followed by acceptance of the condition after examination and counseling. Patients responded best when informed of their problem by their mothers and when the relationship between mother and daughter was good. The majority of patients found colposcopy to be unpleasant; they tended to be disturbed in proportion to the degree of being upset about DES exposure. The most common problem among mothers was guilt. A questionnaire survey of physicians showed that they had less concern for psychological problems than patients or mothers did. Sensitivity and good communication on the part of medical personnel are recommended.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1976

Vasectomy: psychological effects and pre-operative counseling.

Modern thinking with regard to the psychological side effects of vasectomy are outlined and the importance of initial motivation stressed. Reasons for anticipating psychological failure are listed. The process of counselling is discussed leading from the patient's statement of reasons for the operation, through his expressed fears of probing his unexpressed fears and thence to an explanation of the procedure and follow-up necessities.

Counseling↗

PubMed1978

Comparative psychologic effects of estrogen administration on institutional and noninstitutional elderly women.

Previous research on elderly women living in institutions has showm a postiive relationship between the administration of estrogen and improved psychologic status. In the current 12-month study, the effects of estrogen therapy were compared in 18 institutional women versus 21 noninstitutional women who volunteered to participate. Both groups received conjugated estrogens (Premarin, 0.3 mg daily) in interrupted courses. Throughout the year, the women were evaluated by means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, the Lawson Morale Scale, and various self-perception items. Statistically, significant changes occurred in the areas of neuroticism, tension, morale, and subjective mood states, but the improvement was greater in the institutional subjects. The main conclusion was that estrogen therapy has a positive effect upon psychologic status, particularly for women who reside in an institution.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

The psychological effects of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition in normal subjects.

Acute administration of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, fusaric acid, combined with L-dopa, 500 mg, produced discernible psychological abnormalities in normal subjects. These were not found after L-dopa alone, or after placebo. The changes, lasting a few hours, were manifested by significant increases in "total psychopathology," and in a number of subscales on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Changes were also found in mood ratings on adjective checklists, and inkblot tests. A variety of effects were found on psychiatric interview. Since DBH does not occur in dopamine neurons, it is likely that the psychological effects were due to changes in dopamine or norepinephrine in norepinephrine neurons.

Adult↗