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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Negative capability as a factor of problem-solving within the psychotherapeutic process.

It is proposed that negative capability, that is, the capacity for tolerating uncertainty, doubt and not-knowing, is a factor that contributes to a problem-solving approach utilizable in some aspects of the psychotherapeutic process. Negative capability can be demonstrated both in therapists and patients. An analysis of the functions of negative capability within the psychotherapeutic process shows five stages in its utilization. These are the activation of therapist's negative capability; which is followed by observations about the patient's response to his perception of the therapist's negative capability; then the therapist's clarification of the patient's problem contained within the patient's response; followed by a working-through by the patient and therapist of the problems which are demonstrated and clarified; and lastly, a transfer to or enhancement of the patient's use of negative capability as a continuing behavioural mode. Some theoretical bases for the concept of negative capability and its application as a factor of problem-solving within the psychotherapeutic process, are proposed. Clinical excerpts from psychotherapeutic work are given to exemplify the stages as defined above.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Psychotherapeutic processes--regarding the difficulty in explaining psychotherapeutic changes].

Until now, there is no sufficient answer to the question how psychotherapy works. It is argued that progress will come from three areas. First, the understanding what the term "therapeutic process" means has to be improved. It will be useful to start from the three central phenomena of psychotherapy: (a) client changes within the therapeutic situation and his/her life context, (b) therapeutic procedures including personal characteristics of therapists, (c) the context of the institution of psychotherapy. Second, there is a need to define more carefully elements of the therapeutic process, e.g. there is an inflational (mis-) use of the term "therapeutic relationship". Referring to a model by LINSENHOFF, BASTINE & KOMMER (1982), two components of psychotherapy process (problem conceptualization and therapeutic relationship) were critically examined. Third, two different ways to analyse psychotherapeutic change were evaluated: In Type A-studies, therapeutic processes were characterized by stable features as interactional factors (e.g. age, gender, education of the participants; therapeutic maxims). In contrast, Type B-studies rely on a transactional view of the therapeutic process as a sequence of heterogeneous segments (therapeutic episodes; therapeutic strategies).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

The creative aspect of dynamic psychotherapy: parallels between the construction of experienced reality in the literary and the psychotherapeutic process.

Aesthetic experience and psychotherapeutic practice are compared. Beginning with the assumption that memories, imaginings and feelings are aesthetic categories, it is shown that aesthetic experience is elementary in the shaping and structuring of the experiences of human beings, both in psychotherapeutic communication and in the process of production and reception in literature. The aesthetic shaping of events into integrated experiences in the course of the therapeutic encounter might have a healing effect in its own right. To this extent, the therapeutic process should be regarded both as a joint process of creation and as a process of interpretation. As in writing and reading a literary work of art, the therapeutic process consists of special functions of productivity/poiesis, receptivity/aesthesis, and communicative interaction/catharsis. The psychic mechanism of projective identification may help us understand this emotional and cognitive interchange psychodynamically. Further graphic associations and visual imaginings that arise in the patient and in the therapist are considered, like literary works of art, to function as "transitional objects." These creations of patient and therapist, artist and recipient serve to consolidate formerly nonintegrated and therefore pathogenic experiences. A fruitful psychodynamic work is always situated in the tense relationship between the aesthetic shaping of emotions and the scientific interpretation of inner and outer facts.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Practical applications from chaos theory to the psychotherapeutic process, a basic consideration of dynamics.

This essay contains speculations about the import of some ideas from chaos theory for psychotherapeutic process. Brief consideration is given to areas of psychology in which such ideas have been applied, as well as some ideas on psychic energy. Then, using a psychodynamic perspective as a base, three aspects of psychotherapy are addressed, the container, the process, and the clinician as the agent of change. A central idea is that the emotional experience of chaos is a necessary developmental step. It is important for the therapist to recognize whether a client is avoiding this experience or is overwhelmed by this experience.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1982

Therapist perceived client social role dimensions of psychotherapeutic processes.

Therapist and client social role dimensions of therapy are important considerations in the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine therapist perceived client social role dimensions of psychotherapeutic processes. It was also conducted to find out their nature and frequency. Results indicated the most frequently perceived dimensions were: performance, ambiguity, strain, conflict and immersion.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Mourning and reminiscence: parallel psychotherapeutic processes for elderly people.

Mourning and reminiscence are therapeutic processes common in therapeutic work with the elderly. However, a theoretical explanation of why they are effective has been lacking. Personal construct theory accounts for both in terms of the search of elderly persons for validation of their construct systems. In this article, this explanation of the parallel psychotherapeutic processes is explored, together with relevant information from the literature on mourning and reminiscence. Therapeutic case studies illustrate the characteristics of the two processes and the relationship between them.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Emotion-abstraction patterns in verbatim protocols: a new way of describing psychotherapeutic processes.

The goal of the study was to develop a computer-aided system that is able to identify key moments in transcripts from psychoanalytic sessions and to provide an adequate theory of change. The term key moment refers to 1 or more sessions of a treatment or to segments of a session that are seen as clinically important and often considered to be a turning point or breakthrough and that mirror points of insight as they occur in the course of the psychotherapeutic process. It will be shown that patterns built of combinations of the content analysis variable "emotion tone" and "abstraction" allow for describing therapeutic cycles including key moments. The method is shown successfully for a single case and for a sample of improved and not improved patients.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1982

Cardiovascular correlates of the psychotherapeutic process.

12 medical student volunteers were studied during 10 weekly sessions of brief dynamic psychotherapy using on-line physiological monitoring and concurrent psychotherapy process ratings. Forearm vascular resistance change from baseline for each visit was found to be related to psychotherapeutic outcome, and to some of the process variables, but to be most strongly correlated with clusters of process variables. This suggests that there may yet be a role for physiological monitoring in psychotherapy research.

Arousal↗
PubMed1990

A cognitive developmental approach to variability in the psychotherapeutic process with adolescents.

Formulated from a cognitive frame of reference, psychodynamic therapy can be viewed as acting on one of the three aspects (feeling, thought, action) in order to influence or change the client's action and thought schemes. In this paper the consequences of the interaction of cognition and emotion for psychotherapeutic practice with adolescents are explored. Knowledge of cognitive development is supposed to be important for the therapist because, from Piaget's viewpoint, the structures of affect are cognitive structures. Moreover a great variability exists in cognitive development between adolescents. This variability is due to individual, family and social variables. The cognitive structural developmental model, the relation between emotional and cognitive development and the afore-mentioned variables are discussed. Consequences are psychotherapeutic practice with adolescents are described and short case histories are given. The authors conclude that in psychotherapeutic practice psychodynamic theory and cognitive structural theory can complete each other.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

The quality of the psychotherapeutic process in brain-injured patients.

This paper reviews the various mental processes which occur in patients with organic brain damage and the changes to which these patients are subjected. At the early stages directly following injury, it is necessary to restructure the personality and help it emerge from the chaotic state characterizing this phase. Later treatment concentrates on giving meaning to the different object relationships and the dialectic between self-representation and object representation. Special stress is put on the therapist's role as a receptacle for the aggressive contents which the patient transfers to him and on the necessity, on he therapist's part, to master his own counter-transference reactions and to present an identification model permitting the restoration of the patient's inner world. The psychotherapeutic model is based on the already existing models in other area of mental pathology, which have been developed in recent years, in particular in the theory of narcissism and object relations.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapeutic process in a day hospital: results of a survey and importance of qualitative data].

This survey was carried out in a psychiatric day hospital over three years on all patients admitted. The aim was to assess the patients' state at discharge, and to identify the factors to explain the clinical changes, in particular to evaluate the impact of the various types of therapy proposed. The patients were evaluated when they entered the hospital and at discharge using mainly validated translated English-language questionnaires ("Health Sickness Rating Scale" of Luborsky, "Helping Alliance questionnaire" of Luborsky), but also two instruments developed and validated by our team: "Clinical Evaluation Profile", and the "Commitment Scale". The results provide not only a good description of the patients' state at arrival but also of their evolution. The factors found to be important in the evaluation were similar to those identified in most of previous studies, i.e. the initial severity, and quality of the therapeutic relationship, but we also found that the degree of commitment of the patients to the various therapies offered was important. In addition, we found that, when using the commitment scale in homogeneous subgroups of patients (identified using the CIM 9 diagnostic scale) were examined, the favourable outcome of a given psychotherapeutic approach was dependent on the type of the pathology. Thus, patients with personality disorders and high scores at the commitment scale benefited above all from group therapy. The reverse was found for patients with neurotic disorders. For patients suffering from schizophrenia the most important factor was the commitment to the background milieu of the hospital. These observations are in contradiction with some of the main conclusions (known as the equivalence paradox) from english and american studies over the last 40 years of Psychotherapy Research, which state that all psychotherapies are equivalent, and that the reason why some give successful results, and other do not can, only be by non specific factors (i.e. the quality of the therapeutic bond, patients' motivations, etc.). From our results, if homogeneous subgroups of patients are considered and if we use subjective (commitment to the therapy) instead of hard data (as for example having this type of therapy or an other one, or the length of therapy, ect.), we can distinguish the effect of the various psychotherapeutic approaches at least in a psychiatric institution.

Adult↗