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Results for “Pulmonary Atelectasis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Morphology of pulmonary atelectasis in patients operated on and not operated on taking into account pulmonary surfactant state].

The results of clinico-anatomical analysis and of histological examinations of 210 cases of atelectasis with simultaneous study of lung surfactant (126 cases) are described. Electron microscopic examinations of lung tissues were conducted in 8 cases of early autopsy. The postoperative atelectases were compared with those in nonoperated patients. The postoperative atelectases were characterized by substantially larger lesions and prevalence of reflectory, aspiratory, and polyetiological types of lesions. A certain dynamics of changes in the lung surfactant activity was established: a substantial increase of the activity during in the acutest phase of atelectasis and its significant decline towards the end of the first week of the disease. The changes of the surfactant indices directly depend on the synthesizing activity of type II pneumocytes. The decrease of the surfactant occurs secondarily as atelectasis advances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary atelectasis and other respiratory complications after cardiopulmonary bypass and investigation of aetiological factors.

Radiological evidence of pulmonary complications and possible aetiological factors were investigated in 50 consecutive patients after heart operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Atelectasis was the most frequent pulmonary complication except for small pleural effusions, with an incidence of 64 per cent. Several types of atelectasis frequently co-existed, with a predominance of the less extensive plate and subsegmental forms. The incidence of atelectasis was the same on each side and the site of atelectasis was basal in three quarters of the patients. Preoperative clinical and catheter data were unrelated to the incidence of atelectasis. There was a significant positive correlation between a short cardiopulmonary bypass time and plate atelectasis, between a large fluid load after bypass and segmental atelectasis, between re-operation for bleeding and subsegmental atelectasis and between post-operative gastric dilation and atelectasis. The type of operation, the use of the intra-aortic balloon and the length of postoperative respiratory ventilation were unrelated to the incidence of atelectasis. The mechanism of development of atelectasis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Animal experiments on particulars of the time factor in the development and solving of pulmonary atelectasis caused by foreign body (author's transl)].

In literature are only older publications about the temporal beginning of the acute atelectasis after obstructive foreign body occlusion of the bronchial system which are operated at the open thorax. For this reason experiments on animals were made to find out the earliest beginning of an atelectasis by a simple bronchial occlusion as an imitation of a natural process of a foreign body aspiration. The alterations in each single phase of development showed regularly based on serial radiographies and by the autopsy macroscopic and microscopic that about 2 or 3 h after aspiration of an obstructive foreign body it will be reckoned with a complete atelectasis. Only now correlate the clinical result, the X-ray and the pathological-anatomical alterations. The histological picture of the complete atelectasis follows the macroscopic result only in longer temporal distance. Atelectasis occuring before the mentioned moment cannot be explained by an absorption of air from the alveolar tissue, but they depend on foreign body independent reflexes (= reflex contraction atelectasis). In other series of experiments the retroplasia of an atelectasis showed no regularity after the release of the bronchial occlusion, as the time of development, but it is possible to say that it takes more time of retroplasia the longer the atelectasis lasts. Dependent on that the respiratory exchange was jerky into the atelectatic lung after a resting period without prefering any lobes of lungs where localised atelectatic foci remain a longer time.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Structure of the alveolar wall in obstructive pulmonary atelectasis in children].

The results of light and electron microscopy and morphometric studies of the alveolar wall in obstructive atelectasis in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (materials of 40 biopsies) are presented. Morphological changes in obstructive atelectases of various durations are described. Fresh atelectasis was shown to be characterized mostly by discirculatory and dystrophic changes. In atelectasis of a long duration, inflammatory reactions developed and, besides, regeneration-proliferation processes were activated which in children were manifested mainly by an increase in the number of large alveolar cells and, to a lesser extent, some increase in sclerotic changes. The release of osmiophilic lamellated corpuscules of large alveolar cells was disturbed, which was one of the factors conducive to the lack of a surfactant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[A review of the findings on chest examinations and at autopsy in surgical patients under intensive care (author's transl)].

The present paper deals with the findings on examination of the chest and at autopsy in 100 selected surgical patients under intensive care; of these 17% were post-traumatic, 55% had post-operative lung complications and in 28% there had been no trauma or previous operations. The accuracy of the radiological diagnosis was checked against the autopsy findings. Pneumonia and pulmonary oedema were the most common lung complications in all three groups, with an incidence of 59 to 82%, and were diagnosed with an accuracy of 92 to 95%. Other conditions which were looked for were pulmonary congestion, emboli and lung infarcts, pleural effusions, atelectasis, pulmonary haemorrhage or contusion and pneumothorax. The most common mis-diagnosis was in the demonstration of emboli and infarcts, where accuracy was only 64%. The difficulties in differential diagnosis of the radiological appearances due to these pulmonary complications are discussed.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Pulmonary gas exchange in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (author's transl)].

In 20 newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia the state of the pulmonary function was studied through the blood gas values (PO2 and PCO2 on breathing air and 100% oxygen spontaneously or with mechanical ventilation). The group of survivors presented a normal or slightly altered pulmonary function, whilst in the group that died the pulmonary function was severely altered. Up to now, and in accordance with the results obtained, none of the proposed hypothesis (pulmonary atelectasis, extra-pulmonary right-to-left shunt, pulmonary hypoplasia) explain this alteration in a satisfactory manner. From the prognostic point of view, if the levels of gases are spontaneously normal or with administration of oxygen and/or assisted, ventilation a level of PO2 higher than 230 and of PCO2 lower than 70 is obtained, prognosis is excellent. If these levels are not obtained the prognosis is nearly always fatal and the value of the intervention questionable.

Blood Gas Analysis↗