PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pyrvinium Compounds”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Detection of activity for various anthelmintics against in vitro-produced Cooperia punctata.

The in vitro-grown parasitic stages of Cooperia punctata were used to evaluate 28 compounds with different kinds and degrees of in vivo activity. Using presumptive and confirmatory tests, it was possible to establish a group order of in vitro potency that compared favorably with an order based on established in vivo use of these compounds. The procedure lends itself to evaluating activity against a given parasitic growth stage and gives a quantitative estimate (range) of the concentration that produces 50% nematode kill. The system was most successful in detecting compounds with in vivo activity for C punctata, followed in order by compounds active against Cooperia spp, other gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, and other nematodes of non-bovine hosts. The procedure showed some differentiation between activity against nematodes versus that against cestodes, trematodes, and arthropods. The system permits considerable flexibility in experimental design, thus making possible the acquisition of the particular information desired. In addition to establishing lethal effects on the nematode, the procedure detected compounds with nematode-anesthetizing effects. The results indicate this in vitro system can be used with some expediency as a preliminary screening method in the search for new anthelmintic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mutagenicity tests on anthelmintics: microsomal activation of viprynium embonate to a mutagen.

Eight anthelmintic preparations readily available in Australia were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium test system. A slightly modified version of the procedure recommended by Ames et al. [2] was adopted, in that the test samples were placed in "wells" cut out of the agar of a plate previously seeded with the appropriate tester strain. Addition of a mixture of rat liver microsomal enzymes and appropriate co-factors ("S-9 mix") to one of the two wells on a single plate allowed a possible requirement for metabolic activation to be recognised. Using this procedure, viprynium embonate was found to be non-mutagenic. It was however, activated by the rat liver microsome preparation to a mutagen capable of causing both base-pair substitution (detected with strain TA100) and frameshift (detected with strain TA98) mutations. The other seven compounds tested all gave negative results in this system.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Absorption of pyrvinium pamoate.

Pyrvinium pamoate, tablets and suspension, was administered as single 350-mg doses to 12 healthy male volunteers to determine whether there had been any systemic absorption. Six subjects received tablets and 6 received suspension on the first day; on day 8, subjects received the other dose form. Up to 4 days after administration there was no evidence of drug in blood and urine by spectroflorometric assay. Metabolic studies in rats showed minute quantities of drug in the liver and plasma but not of any metabolites.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA fluorescence induced by polymethine cation pyrvinium binding.

Pyrvinium is a polymethine cation which shows interesting fluorescence emission and DNA binding properties. In diluted aqueous solution, pyrvinium pamoate induced a bright yellow fluorescence in kinetoplast DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes as well as in chicken erythrocyte nuclei under a wide range of excitations. No fading was observed after mounting in suitable media. Spectroscopic studies on pyrvinium solutions revealed bathochromic and hypochromic shifts in the absorption spectrum of its complex with DNA. A striking enhancement of pyrvinium fluorescence was found in solvents of high viscosity or after binding to DNA. Experimental results and the chemical structure of pyrvinium allow us to suggest that the minor groove of adenine-thymine DNA regions could be the specific binding site for this new DNA fluorochrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The detection of chemical impurities by high pressure liquid chromatography and the genetic activity of medical grades of pyrvinium pamoate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Salmonella typhimurium.

The genetic activity of several medical grades of the anthelmintic drug pyrvinium pamoate, which is a dipyrvinium salt, was studied in a diploid mitotic recombination and gene conversion assay (strain D5 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and in several haploid yeast reversion assays (strains XV185-14C, XY718-1A, and 7854-1A). All of the samples were recombinogenic in strain D5 and mutagenic in the haploid strains, however, the degree of genetic activity varied considerably among the medical grades of pyrvinium pamoate that were tested. Similarly, these samples varied in degree of mutagenicity when they were tested in strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 of Salmonella typhimurium, but some of the medical grades of pyrvinium pamoate were mutagenic both in the presence and in the absence of the metabolic transformation system, whereas other medical grades of the drug required such activation to be mutagenic. In addition, the medical grades and dosage forms of several brands of pyrvinium pamoate were examined for purity by fluorescence high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a methanol:water (90:10) solvent system. The HPLC data indicate that monopyrvinium salts are the major contaminants in these pharmaceuticals. In general, there is a correlation between the degree of genetic activity and toxicity, and the number and relative quantity of impurities found in each sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Impaired intestinal electrolyte transport in rats infested with the common parasite Syphacia muris.

An incidentally discovered infestation with the nematode Syphacia muris of cecum and colon in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control (WKY) rats was investigated over a two-year period. Infestation rates in WKY were higher than in SHR, while clinical signs as well as histological changes of colonic tissues were absent in both strains. In vivo net water absorption (microliter/hr/cm2) in control worm-free SHR turned into secretion in infested rats, ie, from 74.2 +/- 23.2 to -7.5 +/- 35.0 (P less than 0.001); this corresponded with a decrease in net absorption (mumol/hr/cm2) of Na from 18.5 +/- 2.4 to 9.3 +/- 4.3 (P less than 0.001) and of Cl from 14.0 +/- 3.2 to 3.2 +/- 5.7 (P less than 0.001). In WKY, net water absorption decreased from 112.2 +/- 23.2 to 48.0 +/- 25.1 (P less than 0.001) and Na and Cl absorption from 22.3 +/- 3.1 to 16.0 +/- 4.2 (P less than 0.005) and from 19.4 +/- 2.7 to 10.9 +/- 4.7 (P less than 0.005), respectively. Antihelminthic treatment with 0.007% pyrvinium pamoate in the ration (four weeks on, six months off) eradicated Syphacia muris in both rat strains. Body weight gain of young rats on normal and pyrvinium pamoate-substituted diet studied over 18 months was similar, indicating a good tolerance of the treatment. It is concluded that results obtained during comparative intestinal transport studies between SHR and WKY may not only be impaired but also significantly distorted by Syphacia muris infestation as SHR appear to be more susceptible to effects induced by this common parasite than WKY.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Study of the laxative properties of the disodium salt of the sulfuric diester of 3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-indolinone (DAN-603 in the rat.

The influence of DAN-603 (disodium salt of sulphuric diester of 3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-indolinone) on the propulsive motility of the rat digestive tract was studied by means of indicators (charcoal and pyrvinium pamoate) and radioactive tracers (133BaSO4). The results showed that DAN-603 increases selectively the colon motility without modifying the speed of gastric, intestinal (small intestine) and caecal emptying.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Genotoxicity of amebicide and anthelmintic drugs in Escherichia coli pol A+/pol A-.

The amebicides dehydroemetine and chloroquine diphosphate and the anthelmintic pyrvinium pamoate, previously reported to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium (Cortinas de Nava et al., 1983), were clearly shown to be genotoxic in the Escherichia coli pol A+/pol A- assay. Two other antiparasitic drugs, diiodohydroxyquin and 4-hexylresorcinol, were also found to be genotoxic in E. coli, while iodochlorhydroxyquin preferentially inhibited the pol A+ strain. From the 3 alternative testing methods employed, the liquid suspension succeeded in detecting 5 antiparasitic drugs as genotoxic; the microsuspension identified 2, and the disc diffusion method only 1. However, the metabolic activation system could only be coupled successfully and in a reproducible way to the microsuspension assay.

Amebicides↗
PubMed1977

An open comparative trial of Vanquin tablets and pripsen granules in the treatment of threadworm infestation.

Thirty-eight patients presenting to their general practitioner with threadworm infestation were admitted to an open, comparative, multicentre trial of Vanquin tablets and Pripsen granules. Efficacy and tolerance were assessed. Twelve of nineteen patients treated with Vanquin had positive results from a peri-anal skin test at the start of treatment, all results were negative after twenty-one days. Fourteen of nineteen patients treated with Pripsen had positive results at the start of treatment and two of these had positive results after twenty-one days. One patient treated with Vanquin and five treated with Pripsen reported side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Epidemiology of Dientamoeba fragilis Jepps and Dobell, 1918. 3. Further studies on Enterobius transmission through eggs].

In two new attempts to infect human subjects with pin-worms that were infested, at that time, with protozoa Dientamoeba fragilis, presence of these protoza in the intestinal canal was observed in one case for more than 84 days, and in another case for more than 31 days after contamination. The duration of latent periods fixed for Enterobius vermicularis was almost identical (51 and 50 days). New attempts implement and confirm the results of the first successful attempts to transfer the infection (Ockert, 1972b) as well as the hypothesis of the epidemiological interrelation between both parasites (Burrows and Swerdlow 1956).

Amebiasis↗