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Results for “Quantitative Evaluation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the results of a virological examination of sewage. A quantitative evaluation of the finding of enteroviruses in sewage].

In order to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of virological examinations of sewage, a labeled virus in a dose of 7.5X10(9) PFU was introduced into the canalization system of a community. Such an amount of virus could be found in the canalization system if 5--10% of the residents would excrete it simultaneously. The labeled virus was selectively detected in the community sewage. This procedure has demonstrated that the routine methods for sewage collection, specimen treatment, and virus isolation permit virus detection when 5--10% of this virus excretors are available. The labeled virus entered the canalization system most actively within the first 2 hours after administration, then its amount declined, and within 24 hours ceased. The labeled virus was found on all swabs which were in the sewage flow since the time of administration to the 7th day. The maximum amount of virus was found on the swab which was in the sewage flow for the first 2 hours after virus administration. By 7 days the amount of labeled virus on swabs decreased 10-fold. Under experimental conditions, in sewage kept at 25 degrees C enteroviruses of the group of poliomyelitis, ECHO, and Coxsackie had approximately similar inactivation rate (0.16--0.22 Ig TCD50 per day) and the half-life period (1.3 days), that is, in 7 days the virus titer on a swab should decline by 1.0--1.5 Ig TCD50.

Enterovirus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative evaluation of 99mTc-hexamethylpropylenamineoxime brain SPECT in childhood-onset epilepsy.

In 10 patients with childhood-onset epilepsy, quantitative evaluation (QE) of interictal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylenamine oxime (99mTc HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was correlated with seizure foci localized by electroencephalography (EEG). Eighty regions of interest (5 x 5 pixels) were placed at five different neocortical areas in both cerebral hemispheres, in coronal and transaxial planes. Mean counts/pixel were calculated for each region and multiple right-left comparisons were done. Quantitative evaluation of 99mTc-HMPAO increased detection of rCBF abnormalities by 26%. Abnormal EEG patterns correlated with abnormal rCBF in 75% of cases (Phi = 0.788, p < 0.001), and with visually detected abnormalities in 50% (Phi = 0.493, p < 0.001). Discordance between EEG and SPECT was most frequent in patients with non-localizing EEG (n = 3). In childhood-onset epilepsy, quantitative evaluation of brain perfusion scans provides: (a) objective estimates of interictal rCBF; (b) more precise detection of epileptogenic foci, when used to complement EEG.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Quantitative evaluation of myocardial ultrastructure following hypothermic anoxic arrest.

Thirty-six anesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to systemic hypothermia and anoxic cardiac arrest while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial fine structure in the left ventricle was evaluated by quantitative analysis in the subepicardial, mid-myocardial, and subendocardial layers. The specimens were obtained by a transmural myocardial biopsy method. Graded hypothermia was employed at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, 25 degrees, and 22 degrees C. The aorta was cross-clamped for 30 minutes at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, and 25 degrees C. or for 45 minutes at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. Observations indicated that pathological changes of the myocardial fine structure were significant after anoxic arrest in the normothermic group. Lesions were most extensive in the subendocardial layer after normothermic anoxic arrest, whereas hypothermia below 30 degrees C. preserved the myocardium throughout all layers without difference in pathological changes in the fine structure among the layers. Mitochondria and glycogen granules in the mid-myocardial layer and the subendocardial layer were best preserved with hypothermia at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. after 30 minutes or 45 minutes of anoxic arrest, and dogs in these groups had a survival rate of 100 percent. Quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes induced in these experiments suggest that a safe duration of anoxic arrest at 22 degrees to 25 degrees C. is between 30 and 45 minutes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on isoprenaline-induced myocardial lesions. 1. Quantitative evaluation by mercurascan uptake.

For the quantitative evaluation of myocardial damage induced by isoprenaline (ISO) a method based on the uptake of 203Hg-labelled Mercurascan (MSC) in the heart was used. The increase of myocardial uptake of MSC in ISO-treated rats over control values was very rapid and might be directly proportional to the number of damaged myocardial cells actually present in the heart. MSC-uptake method of myocardial damage evaluation was more sensitive and precise than other methods tested (macroscopic evaluation according to Rona, increase of heart weight). Different modifications of MSC-uptake test may be selected in relation to experimental conditions. MSC test is especially useful for evaluation of early myocardial lesions induced by small doses of ISO (0.01 mg/kg).

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Quantitative evaluation of hypertensive pulmonary arterial change.

A new method to quantitatively evaluate pulmonary arterial change in pulmonary hypertension is presented in this paper. Hypertensive pulmonary arterial changes are classified into four grades according to severity and a score from 1 to 4 is given to each arterial change according to the grading. An index of pulmonary vascular disease is then defined as a relative mean value of all scores. It is concluded that this index accurately expresses the grade of pulmonary arterial change in the whole pulmonary arterial system in any given case and makes possible a detailed statistical analysis of large numbers of cases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of quantitative evaluation of bacterial species in bronchitic infections (author's transl)].

A quantitative evaluation of the bacterial species in the sputum collected from 93 patients was conducted over a period of 7 months. The patients were divided into five different pathological categories, while separating those patients who had not received antibiotic therapy before samples were taken from those who had been administered this type of treatment. Samples were repeated after one week in 30 cases. The most frequently encountered germs were hemophilus (10(6)) and pneumococcus (10(7)). In simple bronchopathies, Gram-negative germs were only isolated at levels of 10(5) from patients previously treated with antibiotics, which demonstrates their low pathogenic role. In most severe bronchopathies they were isolated more frequently, but at levels which rarely exceeded 10(6). Their pathogenic role has to be evaluated as a function of the progression in clinical signs. The authors underline the frequency with which pneumococcal strains are resistant to tetracyclines.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1976

Clinical vs quantitative evaluation of cutaneous sensation.

A comparison of the evaluation of cutaneous sensation by neurologic examination and by quantitative assessment in 107 patients with various neuromuscular disease has shown that there is a reasonably good correlation between the recognition of abnormalities of cutaneous sensation by clinical and by quantitative methods. Clinical neurologists tend to underestimate abnormalities of touch-pressure sensation. The quantitative evaluation of cutaneous sensation is useful in quality control of the clinical examination, in correlating the nature of sensation loss with the compound action potential and morphometry of biopsied nerve, in providing a score of sensation to follow the course and the effect of treatment protocols, and in monitoring for an adverse effect on sensation by an environmental or industrial poison. There is a good correlation between abnormality of touch-pressure sensation and loss of large myelinated fibers of sural nerve in neuropathy.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

A radioimmunoassay for the quantitative evaluation of anti-human acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis.

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantitative evaluation of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor in the serum of myasthenic patients. AcChR was extracted from human muscle. A detailed preparation of the 125I-labelled alpha-Bgt-AcChR complex used as antigen is reported. Usually, an average of 20 pmol were obtained form 100 g muscle. This preparation is stable for 1 month in presence of an inhibitor of proteolysis and sufficient for performing about fifteen assays. The labelled complex was incubated with increasing amounts of sera and precipitated with anti-human IgG serum. Titres were expressed in pmol 125I-labelled alpha-Bgt-AcChR complex precipitated per ml serum. Out of thirty-nine sera tested thirty-six had positive titres ranging from 0-1-46 pmol/ml. No anti-AcChR were detected in the sera from twenty-seven patients used as controls.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1979

[Technical characteristics of a new computerized system for quantitative evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias (author's transl)].

The ATREC system is designed to carry out at sixty times real time the quantitative evaluation of arrhythmias in 24 hour magnetic tape recordings. A preprocessing unit eliminates the low frequency waves (P and T) and artefacts, and furnishes the computer (Mitra 15/35, 16 K words of core) with information on R-R interval, QRS duration, regular or irregular rhythm, bradycardia or pauses, transient to sustained tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Extrasystoles are analyzed in terms of enlargement, number, coupling interval, bi or trigeminy, doublets or salvos. Trends of mean and extreme cardiac rate, and R-R interval histograms, are also available. The system is also available for ECG real time monitoring of patients in coronary care units. The computer can analyze 8 ECG tracings simultaneously. The ATREC system provides an important aid in the quantification of arrhythmias and improves the evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs efficacy.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

PubMed1976

Inhibition of T cell activity in vivo: a test model for quantitative evaluation.

A test model is presented which, in comparison with the conventional models of skin transplantation or graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction in mice, permits a more sensitive quantitative evaluation of T cell inhibition in vivo. Prospective donors (type AA) are immunized with prospective recipient material (type AB); the resulting T cell reaction of A versus B is inhibited by consecutive treatment. Extent of inhibition can be evaluated after transfer of the pretreated AA material onto AB recipients by calculation of remaining GvH reactivity, if compared to adequate control tranfers. In this model the target animal for T cell reactivity (the AB recipient) remains untouched from immunosuppressive regimen.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Electrocorticographic distrubances after portacaval shunt in the rat: a quantitative evaluation.

Electrocorticographic recordings were analyzed in two groups of Wistar rats with end-to-side portacaval shunt and sham portacaval shunt. The main electrical abnormalities observed in the shunted rats concerned slow wave sleep. Quantitative evaluation of these disturbances was made by measuring the duration of spindles normally present in this phase of sleep. Longer duration of the spindles appears to be a reliable index of electrocorticographic disorders after portacaval shunt in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Quantitative evaluation of photopic ERG waveforms.

Quantitative, computer-based ways of representing photopic ERG waveforms are investigated and related to over-all retinal condition in a group of normal subjects and a group of patients with diagnosed retinitis pigmentosa. Sinusoidal stimulation and a Fourier series response representation have been selected. This combination provides a few parameters which facilitate waveform comparison, and it naturally lends itself to generalization if more detailed features of ERG recordings are to be included. On the basis of this type of waveform characterization, the over-all photopic retinal condition of any individual eye can be represented by a single number or by its location in various cluster diagrams and its distance from the normal cluster. As exemplified by the results herein described, such an automated approach can be particularly useful in screening large populations for retinal degenerations or in quantitatively following the progression of retinal degeneration over long periods of time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Enzymatic assessment of the area of necrosis. I. Diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of acute myocardial infarct by means of MB creatine kinase isoenzyme. Comparison with deduced from creatine kinase activity].

On the purpose of specifying more and more the peculiarity of the isoenzymes MBCK in regard to enzyme CK, in the diagnosis as well as in the quantitative evaluation of myocardial infarction, we examined 34 patients hospitalized in U.C.I.C. The curves of the MBCK and CK were obtained through samples taken every 2-3 hours still the 12th hour, after the enzymatic concentration have exceeded the normal level and successively every 4 hours till the enzymatic activity regains its limits. The values of I.S.MBCK and I.S.CK were compared and we obtained two correlations based on the enteric work (r = 0.79) or on selected cases (r = 0.96). We conclude, for the major practicality and usefulness of measurement of MBCK in the evaluation of size, because this measurement can be obtained on the total enumeration of cases of myocardial infarction, not takine into consideration all those factors which could produce an increase of CK; moreover the MBCK is able to show the extension of myocardial infarction that would not be detectable with CK.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

[Quantitative evaluation methods of the chemoantibiotic associations (author's transl)].

In the introductory part a new classification of joint drug actions is submitted, according which three fundamental types are distincted, named respectively interference, cooperation and true interaction. In its turn, interaction is subdivided in three classes (uni-effectual, bis-ineffectual, bis-effectual) in the last of which is placed the most relevant of the interactions, that is synergism, subclassified, at its turn, as additive, super and infra-additive. The second part is devoted to the classification of the bacteriological techniques hitherto proposed in order to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the antibacterial interaction of chemoantibiotics. The third part is devoted to the classification and critical analysis of biometrical techniques hitherto applied to above quoted bacteriological techniques in order to obtain a quantitative evaluation of interaction. Criticism versus isobolic model is pointed out. In the final part a new procedure, named isoeffectual, is proposed. According to such a procedure a close grid of single and joint concentrations of a couple of chemoantibiotics, broad enough in order to cover the whole of the effects to be explored, is tested in vitro adopting the one-center agar diffusion test or a liquid medium. The experimental data so obtained are related in a planar diagram to the log of the sum obtained by adding to the concentrations of the first the concentrations of the second agent, converted into equi-effectual concentrations of the first. By this way a series of curvilinear regressions is obtained, which may be all explained by a mathematical formula according which the data may be submitted to statistical analysis and elaborated in order to draw the parameters able to define quantitatively the interaction. The model so applied is discussed as a general model for joint drug action.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1976

Myasthenia gravis: a quantitative evaluation system. Disability status scale (DSS) applied for myasthenia gravis.

On the experience of long-lasting personal observation of 350 myasthenic patients the author has applied the 'disability status scale' (known as Kurtzke or Bronx scale in multiple sclerosis practice) for myasthenia gravis. This system renders the quantitative evaluation of the different parameters possible. There are ten grades of gravity (from 1 to 10) and six functional systems (ocular, facial, bulbar, sceletal, respiratory and other functions).

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMed1975

[Investigations on the production of mycotoxins and their quantitative evaluation. I. The production of penicillic acid by Penicillium cyclopium (author's transl)].

A convenient thin-layer chromatographic screening procedure for the analysis of mycotoxins produced by Penicillium cyclopium is described. The production of penicillic acid is followed during a growth period of 44 days at two different temperatures. Quantitative evaluation is performed by UV densitometry at 234 nm. A biological profile is recorded showing the different ratios of four metabolites produced by Penicillium cyclopium and the definite effect of the growth temperature on the formation of penicillic acid in relation to the other metabolites.

Caproates↗

PubMed1976

[The reliability of several polycardiographic indices in the quantitative evaluation of mitral stenosis (author's transl)].

In 21 patients with pure, isolated mitral stenosis, four hemodynamic parameters were studied. They were obtained by left and right cardiac catheterization and were: the mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, the diastolic mitral gradient, the stroke volume and the mitral valve area with one or more parametres amd polycardiographic indices, to verify the reliability of the quantitative evaluation of mitral stenosis by noninvasive methods. The polycardiographic indices of Yigitbasi (r = 0.76) and Wells (r = 0.65) were best correlated with the mean pulmonary wedge pressure. The only index with a moderate correlation (r = 0.60) with the mitral diastolic gradient was that of Wells. The LVET/PEP index has only a mediocre correlation with the stroke volume (r = 0.50). The Oreshkov index was the only one among those studies to correlate at all significantly with the mitral valve area (r = --0.62). The investigation confirms the practical use of noninvasive methods in predicting the pulmonary wedge pressure, whilst the indices of Wells and Oreshkov seem less satisfactory in prediction both for the mitral diastolic gradient and the mitral valve area.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Two simple methods for the quantitative evaluation of platelet adhesion to collagen.

14C serotonine labelled platetel rich plasma (PRP) incubated with fibrillar collagen is either gel filtered through a Sepharose 2B column (Sepharose test) or centrifugated on a 23% Ficoll layer (Ficoll test). In the Sepharose test, the adhesion is quantified by the determination of the per cent yield of free platelets eluted from the column and the release by a quantitative evaluation of the 14C serotonin. In the Ficoll test, the released seroton is measured from the distribution of radioactivity in the different layers (supernatant plasma, platelets adherent to collagen, Ficoll, platelet pellet) of the tube after centrifugation. Both methods are rapid and quite reproducible.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗