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PubMed2026

Genome-wide characterization of the sugar transporter protein family identifies candidate genes for bacterial wilt resistance breeding in tobacco.

Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play pivotal roles in hexose allocation and plant stress responses. However, systematic characterization of the STP family in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and its involvement in Ralstonia solanacearum resistance remains unclear. In this study, 37 NtSTP genes were identified and classified into six groups, with Group VI being the most conserved and Group V exhibiting dicot-specific expansion. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses revealed that most NtSTP members possess the typical MFS_STP domain, although variations in exon-intron organization and motif composition suggested functional divergence. Tandem duplication (TD) served as the primary driver of NtSTP family expansion, and Ka/Ks values of all paralogous pairs were less than 1, indicative of purifying selection. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed a complex regulatory network involving hormone signaling (ABA, JA, SA, GA, ET), stress responses, and light signaling. RT-qPCR expression profiling revealed that ten NtSTP genes (NtSTP1, 5, 7, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 29) exhibited significant transcriptional upregulation upon R. solanacearum infection. Specifically, NtSTP5, NtSTP7, NtSTP21, NtSTP22, NtSTP24, NtSTP26, and NtSTP27 peaked at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), whereas NtSTP1, NtSTP28, and NtSTP29 reached their highest expression levels at 24 hpi. By contrast, NtSTP6, NtSTP13, and NtSTP30 displayed reduced expression upon R. solanacearum infection. These expression patterns indicate functional diversification within the NtSTP family and imply that these members may be transcriptionally modulated during plant responses to R. solanacearum. The present work provides preliminary and valuable candidate gene resources that may facilitate future disease resistance breeding programs in tobacco.

NtSTP gene family↗

PubMed2024

Tomato bacterial wilt disease outbreaks are accompanied by an increase in soil antibiotic resistance.

The presence of soil-borne disease obstacles and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil leads to serious economic losses and health risks to humans. One area in need of attention is the evolution of ARGs as pathogenic soil gradually develops, which introduces uncertainty to the dynamic ability of conventional farming models to predict ARGs. Here, we investigated variations in tomato bacterial wilt disease accompanied by the resistome by metagenomic analysis in soils over 13 seasons of monoculture. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exhibited a significant and positive correlation with R. solanacearum. Furthermore, the binning approach indicated that fluoroquinolone (qepA), tetracycline (tetA), multidrug resistance genes (MDR, mdtA, acrB, mexB, mexE), and β-lactamases (ampC, blaGOB) carried by the pathogen itself were responsible for the increase in overall soil ARGs. The relationships between pathogens and related ARGs that might underlie the breakdown of soil ARGs were further studied in R. solanacearum invasion pot experiments. This study revealed the dynamics of soil ARGs as soil-borne diseases develop, indicating that these ecological trends can be anticipated. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the factors driving ARGs in disease-causing soils.

Soil Microbiology↗

PubMed2026

Interspecies Exchange of Mobile Genetic Elements During a Plant Disease Outbreak.

Outbreak sequencing provides insight into the origin and evolutionary processes acting on emerging pathogens. Sequencing a historic multihost outbreak of Ralstonia spp. in Martinique shows the outbreak was caused by two lineages that diverged at separate times from mainland populations. One lineage (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum I-18) was originally introduced from Asia to South America, where it became well established prior to its dissemination to Martinique, where it retains a signature of specialization on solanaceous hosts. The novel lineage first identified during the outbreak (Ralstonia solanacearum IIB-4NPB) arose from a mainland population endemic to the Americas prior to its arrival in Martinique, where host-range expansion was observed. In contrast to minor changes in secreted effector protein repertoires, the emergent R. solanacearum IIB-4NPB acquired a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICERsoRUN1145). After identifying all Ralstonia spp. ICEs and mapping their spatial and phylogenetic distribution among Ralstonia spp. sampled during the outbreak, we found closely related ICEs circulating in mainland populations of R. pseudosolanacearum, indicating likely exchange between introduced and endemic Ralstonia spp. The family of ICEs in Ralstonia (ICERs) has a conserved bipartite structure and display a striking pattern of functional specialization in each cargo gene insertion hotspot: the first hotspot is a target for metabolic gene acquisition, and the second is a target for defense element acquisition. This work provides unparalleled phylogenetic and spatial resolution of an unusual outbreak and highlights the role of horizontal transfer in shaping the ecological success of an emerging pathogen.

Plant Diseases↗

PubMed1977

Introduction of bacteriophage Mu into Pseudomonas solanacearum and Rhizobium meliloti using the R factor RP4.

Phage Mu-1 and a thermoinducible derivative, Mu-1 cts 62 were inserted into the broad host range R factor RP4. These hybrid plasmids were transferred by conjugation to a phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum GMI 1000 and a legume-root nodule bacterium Rhizobium meliloti 2011. The Mu genome is transcribed and tranlated in these new hosts: P. solanacearum (RP4:Mu cts) cultures have a spontaneous production of about 5 X 10(5) plaque-forming units ml-1 which is similar to the frequency of spontaneous Mu production in E. coli; the Mu production of R. meliloti is lower (about 10(2) plaque-forming units ml-1).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1977

Effect of three nematicides on the growth of some phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi.

The effect of three nematicides, aldicarb, fensulfothion, and phenamiphos at four concentrations (1, 5, 25, and 125 ppm) was tested on the growth of five bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Corynebacterium fascians, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Streptomyces scabies and four fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium bataticola. Of the bacteria, P. solanacearum was most affected by the chemicals at all concentrations, while E. carotovora was least affected. Fensulfothion was generally the most effective nematicide on the bacteria tested, while phenamiphos was the least effective. Similarly, the effect of the chemicals on the fungi tested varied greatly. F. solani and R. solani were generally most affected, followed by F. oxysporum, while S. bataticola was least affected. Of the chemicals tested, phenamiphos was generally the most effective, followed by fensulfothion, while aldicarb was the least effective.

Aldicarb↗

PubMed2026

Characterization and classification of a novel bacteriophage, vB_RsoP_HXg1W, infecting Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum: a new member of the genus Serkorvirus in the family Autotranscriptaviridae.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a significant threat to agriculture due to the pathogen's broad host range and persistence in soil. Bacteriophages (phages) are being explored as biocontrol agents, and such strategies are gaining interest. In this study, we isolated and characterized vB_RsoP_HXg1W, a novel phage propagated on R. pseudosolanacearum GMI1000. The phage has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 40,184 bp with a GC content of 62.3%, and displays an icosahedral head with a short tail. A total of 51 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, and no tRNA genes were detected. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that vB_RsoP_HXg1W is closely related to Ralstonia phage p2137, p2106, and RpY2, and clusters within the genus Serkorvirus in the family Autotranscriptaviridae. VIRIDIC analysis revealed a maximum intergenomic similarity of 84.7% to the closest included relative, supporting vB_RsoP_HXg1W as a putative novel species-level member of Serkorvirus. These findings contribute to the understanding of RSSC-infecting phages and provide a foundation for further exploration of phage evolution, host range, and biocontrol relevant traits.

Ralstonia↗