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The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and lessons from its experience of war surgery.

This article describes the evolution, motivation and structure of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and its contribution to international humanitarian law. It explains the respective roles of its three components: the National Societies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). It highlights the ICRC's experience of war surgery and emphasises the relevance of this for the military medical services, especially for the training of military surgeons and anaesthetists.

First Aid↗

Red cell freezing by the American National Red Cross.

Red cells, frozen in the presence of glycerol, can be stored for years at -80C with excellent post-thaw recovery and in vivo survival. In addition to the benefits of long-term storage, the extensive washing associated with deglycerolizing removes essentially all platelets, plasma, microaggregates of cells and cell debris and there is some evidence of a reduction in the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis. The majority of the white cells are lost during the processing. Three deglycerolizing methods, based on the Haemonetics Cell Washer, the IBM Cell Processor and the Fenwal Elutramatic, have been evaluated and data on comparative performance and costs are provided. The experience of the Red Cross Blood Program in processing over 90,000 units of frozen red cells is summarized.

Blood Cell Count↗