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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1997 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1997. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically by using Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and were submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): 335 programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1997. Data were collated after November 1998 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and structural and functional abnormalities. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 73,069 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 51,344 cycles involved IVF (with and without micromanipulation), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 27.9%; 1,943 were cycles of GIFT, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 30.0%; and 1,104 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 28.0%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 4,616 donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 40.0%; 10,181 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 18.8%; 1,584 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes, with a delivery rate per transfer of 22.2%; and 600 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 34.6%. Furthermore, 1,173 cycles were reported as combinations or more than one treatment type, 40 cycles as research, 258 as embryo banking, and 226 as other (unclassified) cycle types. As a result of all procedures, 17,311 deliveries resulting in 25,059 babies were reported. CONCLUSION(S): In 1997, more programs reported ART treatment and the number of reported cycles increased significantly (10.9%) compared with 1996. In comparable cycle types, the overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) increased by 1.8%, which represents an increase of 6.9% compared with the success rate for 1996.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1996

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1994 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1994. DESIGN: Data were collected on the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Database program and submitted to KMPG Peat Marwick, who served as the 1994 collection center for the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Two hundred forty-nine programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1994. Data were collected after October 1995 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiations of 39,390 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 33,700 cycles initiated were IVF (standard, with micromanipulation, and for host uterus transfer) with 20.7% deliveries per retrieval; 4,214 were cycles of GIFT with 28.4% deliveries per retrieval; 926 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 29.1% deliveries per retrieval; and 550 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 29.7% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1994, 7,046 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure with 15.4% deliveries per procedure, and 3,119 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 46.8% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 9,573 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSION(S): In 1994, there were fewer programs reporting a similar number of treatment cycles of ART as in 1993. Overall average success rates (deliveries per procedures) exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1995 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States and Canada in 1995. DESIGN: Data were collected in the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database program and cycle reporting forms and were submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Two hundred eighty-one programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1995. Data were collected after November 1996 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Procedural outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 59,142 cycles of ART treatment, including frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 41,087 cycles initiated were IVF (with and without micromanipulation) with 22.5% deliveries per retrieval; 3,741 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer with 27.0% deliveries per retrieval; 1,078 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 27.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1995, 8,453 frozen embryo thaw procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with other ART procedures with 15.2% deliveries per transfer, 3,555 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 36.0% deliveries per transfer, 1,028 cryopreserved embryo thaw procedures from donated oocyte procedures with an overall success of 16.8% deliveries per transfer, and 200 ART treatment cycles in which a host uterus was used were initiated with an overall success of 34.9% deliveries per ET. As a result of all procedures, a total of 11,631 deliveries were reported, resulting in 16,520 neonates. CONCLUSION(S): In 1995, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (19.3%) increase in reported cycles. In comparable cycle types, overall average success rates (deliveries per transfer) exhibited a 0.6% increase or a 2.5% increase over the rates in the 1994 reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1996 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1996. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically using the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1996. Data were collected after November 1997 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Procedural outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 65,863 cycles of ART treatment, including frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these. 44,647 cycles initiated were in vitro fertilization (IVF) (with and without micromanipulation) with 26.0% deliveries per retrieval; 2,879 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) with 29.0% deliveries per retrieval; 1,200 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) with 30.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1996, 9,610 frozen embryo transfer procedures were initiated with 16.8% deliveries per transfer, 3,768 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 39.1% deliveries per transfer, 1,096 cryopreserved embryo transfers from donated oocytes procedures with an overall success of 20.8% deliveries per transfer, and 688 ART treatment cycles using a host uterus were initiated with an overall success of 31.3% deliveries per embryo transfer. Also, 1,341 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 19 cycles as research, 311 as embryo banking, and 304 as other (unclassified) cycle types. As a result of all procedures, a total of 14,702 deliveries were reported resulting in 21,196 neonates. CONCLUSION(S): In 1996, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (11.3%) increase in reported cycles. In comparable cycle types, overall average success rates (deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 3.5% (this is an increase of 15.8% when compared to the success rate for 1995).

Female↗
PubMed1995

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1993 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1993. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred sixty-seven programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1993. Data were collected in October 1994 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULTS: Programs reported initiations of 41,209 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 33,543 cycles initiated were IVF (standard, with micromanipulation, and for host uterus transfer) with 18.3% deliveries per retrieval; 4,992 were cycles of GIFT with 28.1% deliveries per retrieval; 1,792 were cycles of ZIFT with 24.4% deliveries per retrieval; and 882 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 27.8% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1993, 6,869 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure with 13.3% deliveries per procedure, and 2,766 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 30.2% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 8,741 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In 1993, there were more programs offering more treatment cycles of ART. Overall average success rates (deliveries per procedures) exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1998 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of ART initiated in the United States in 1998. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically by using the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred and sixty programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1998. Data were collated after November 1999 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. RESULTS: Programs reported initiating 81,899 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 58,937 cycles involved IVF (with and without micromanipulation), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.1%; 1,293 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 27.4%; 1,054 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.6%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 5,273 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 41.2%; 11,228 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 19.3%; 1,913 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.5%, and 809 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 31.6%. In addition, 969 cycles were reported as combinations or more than one treatment type, 25 cycles as research, and 398 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 20,241 deliveries were reported, resulting in 29,128 neonates. CONCLUSIONS: In 1998, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (12.1%) increase in reported cycles compared with 1997. In comparable cycle types, the actual increase in overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) was 1.4%, which represents an increase of 4.7% compared with the success rate in 1997.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1999 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of ART initiated in the United States in 1999. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically by using the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred sixty programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1999. Data were collated after November 2000 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 88,077 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 63,639 cycles involved IVF (with and without micromanipulation), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.4%; 838 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 27.9%; 945 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.8%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 6,509 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 41.8%; 12,005 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 18.6%; 2,488 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.6%, and 821 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 33.6%. In addition, 398 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 18 cycles as research, and 416 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 21,904 deliveries were reported, resulting in 30,967 neonates. CONCLUSION(S): In 1999, more programs reported ART treatment and reported cycles increased significantly (7.5%) compared to 1998. In comparable cycle types, the overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) increased by 0.4%, which represents an increase of 1.2% compared to the success rate for 1998.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Reproductive lifespan and reproductive performance in SPF C3H mice: the onset of reproductive life and production efficiency (author's transl)].

To improve the production system, the onset and the termination of reproductive life of C3Hf/HeMsNrs mice mated immediately after weaning and reared for 400 days of life, were studied. From weaning females mated with a full grown male (group A), the first litter was obtained at a mean age of 47 days, suggesting the first copulation at 26 days of age. The age of males at the first copulation was estimated to be at 44 days of age from the age giving the first litters in weanling males mated with weanling (group B) and full grown (group C) females. The sex ratio of litters delivered by young dams tended to be excess in males. The reproductive performance of dams in later life was not affected by the parturition in earlier age. The production efficiency with weaned youngs per pair during the first 200 days after mating was the highest in group A. It was found from these results that the C3H females attained their sexual maturity at 5 to 6 days after weaning, being available for breeding without any deletion in reproductive performance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 2000 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of ART initiated in the United States in 2000. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically using the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/ Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred eighty-three programs submitted data on procedures performed in 2000. Data were collated after November 2000 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 99,989 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 73,406 cycles involved fresh nondonor IVF (46.6% with intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%; 549 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 24.7%; 763 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 7,581 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 43.7%; 13,083 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 20.4%; 2,721 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.5%, and 1,200 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 35.8%. In addition, 326 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 41 cycles as research, and 319 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 25,394 deliveries were reported, resulting in 35,345 neonates, of which 35,031 were live born and 314 stillborn. CONCLUSION(S): In 2000, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (13.5%) increase in reported cycles compared to 1999. In comparable cycle types, overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 0.6%, which represents an increase of 2.2% when compared to the success rate for 1999.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1989

Reproductive events, occurring in adolescence at the time of development of reproductive organs and at the time of tumour initiation, have a bearing on growth characteristics and reproductive hormone regulation in normal and tumour tissue investigated decades later--a hypothesis.

Both animal and human data indicate that reproductive events taking place early in reproductive life may have an important influence on growth characteristics and reproductive hormone regulation in both normal tissue and neoplastic tissue investigated later in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Safety issues in assisted reproduction technology: the children of assisted reproduction confront the responsible conduct of assisted reproductive technologies.

Neurological sequelae and multiple birth defects have been observed in children conceived by IVF and ICSI. Multiple pregnancy is the most important risk factor. These health problems challenge the responsible practice of medicine. The core values of medicine and the deontology of the profession have been reviewed to define the responsible conduct of research and clinical practice. Professional associations have proposed guidelines to reduce health problems in assisted reproductive technology. Although these health problems could have been prevented, this response by the medical community is nonetheless an important step towards improving responsible medical practices that have become questionable over the years. Professional associations must find out means, not only to implement their guidelines, but also to prevent the recurrence of such episodes in the history of medicine.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1997

Influence of breeding season and reproductive status on male reproductive characteristics in the common mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus.

The effects of breeding season and reproductive status on male reproduction were investigated in the common mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus), a co-operatively breeding rodent that exhibits seasonal reproduction and a reproductive division of labour. Testicular anatomical and histological morphometrics, and selected sperm parameters were studied in 50 males from 17 wild caught colonies. Males exhibited no apparent manifestation of season on testicular activity: spermatogenesis and sperm quality (motility and percentage normal morphology) were similar in the reproductively active and inactive periods. This maintenance of reproductive activity during the non-reproductive period is essential in C. h. hottentotus males, as this period coincides with the period of maximal dispersal opportunities. Such reproductive activation in dispersing males may aid intersexual recognition, and assist pair-bond formation or successful assimilation into foreign colonies, thereby facilitating later outbreeding. Consequently, outbreeding opportunities may be important determinants of reproductive activity in male common mole-rats, moderating seasonal effects. Reproductive and non-reproductive males revealed no differences in any of the testicular or sperm parameters studied. The absence of a physiologically well-defined suppression of reproduction in male common mole-rats is more typical of social suppression in male mammals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive health awareness: an important dimension to be integrated into existing sexual and reproductive health programs.

The ultimate goal of any sexual and reproductive health program is to ensure cost effectiveness, quality and sustainability. Reproductive health awareness is an educational approach which is both relevant and sensitive to many communities' existing sexual and reproductive health needs and concerns. When working with community groups, a participatory approach that includes reproductive health awareness concepts is a simple non-threatening way for programs to quickly expand beyond pure information giving and explore what reproductive health means to people. Although many community sexual and reproductive health programs do not the term reproductive health awareness, they use techniques similar to the reproductive health awareness education approach, when facilitating discussions about sexual or reproductive health. If reproductive health awareness is identified and included as one of the dimensions of future sexual and reproductive health programs, this will hopefully strengthen the program's overall quality and effectiveness.

Awareness↗
PubMed1990

Reproductive toxicity: male and female reproductive systems as targets for chemical injury.

On the basis of current knowledge of reproductive biology and toxicology, it is apparent that chemicals affecting reproduction may elicit their effects at a number of sites in both the male and the female reproductive system. This multiplicity of targets is attributable to the dynamic nature of the reproductive system, in which the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is controlled by precise positive and negative feedback mechanisms among its components. Interference by a xenobiotic at any level in either the male or the female reproductive system may ultimately impair hypothalamic or pituitary function. Normal gonadal processes such as spermatogenesis or oogenesis, ejaculation or ovulation, hormone production by Leydig or granulosa cells, and the structure or function of the accessory reproductive structures (e.g., epididymis, fallopian tube) also appear vulnerable to xenobiotics. The reproductive system is a complex one that requires local and circulating hormones for control. This brief review illustrates a system for characterizing the mechanism of action of reproductive toxicants, as well as for defining the sites available for disruption of reproduction. Unfortunately, at present, data addressing the actual vulnerability of reproduction are sorely lacking. However, when experiments have been conducted and combined with epidemiologic data or clinical observation, it has been possible to demonstrate impairment of reproductive processes by xenobiotics. The role of environmental exposure to xenobiotics in the increase in infertility that has been observed remains to be defined.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2004

Reproductive problems directly attributable to long-term captivity--asymmetric reproductive aging.

Problems attributable to long-term captivity have been identified and are responsible for the difficulties in establishing successful reproduction in captive populations of wildlife, specifically, elephants and rhinoceroses. Historically, non-reproductive periods of 10-15 years in nulliparous female rhinoceroses and elephants have not been considered problematic. New evidence suggests that prolonged exposure to endogenous sex steroids and that long stretches of non-reproductive periods induce asymmetric reproductive aging in captive animals. The consequences are reduced fertility, shortened reproductive life-span and, eventually, irreversible acyclicity. Although age-related reproductive lesions have also been documented in male rhinoceroses, they continue to maintain a longer reproductive life-span than females. Since human and domestic animal models have already indicated that early pregnancy provides natural protective mechanism against asymmetric reproductive aging processes and premature senescence, it is imperative that appropriate counter measures such as assisted reproductive technologies (ART) be utilized to ensure early pregnancy in captive animals for their preservation and to ensure increased genetic diversity of the captive populations.

Aging↗