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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Role of respiratory function tests in differential diagnosis of respiratory and cardiac insufficiency].

AIM: To examine feasibility of using a complex of functional tests for detection of chronic respiratory insufficiency (CRI) and its differential diagnosis with chronic cardiac failure (CCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and 17 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD) with stable effort angina class II-III. RESULTS: Different response to the tests of pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics was noted in COPD and IHD. In hypoxia, oxygen consumption rate ranged from 140 to 108% while in IHD this rate reached 106% only in one case. COPD patients had increased minute respiratory volume in hyperoxia contrary to patients with IHD. In hypoxia, the picture was quite opposite, the differences being less obvious. CONCLUSION: Functional respiratory tests provide significant differentiation between CRI and CCF.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Plethysmographic measurements of lung volume and airway resistance. ERS/ATS Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing. European Respiratory Society/ American Thoracic Society.

Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the only static lung volume that can be measured routinely in infants. It is important for interpreting volume-dependent pulmonary mechanics such as airway resistance or forced expiratory flows, and for defining normal lung growth. Despite requiring complex equipment, the plethysmographic method for measuring FRC is very simple to apply and, unlike the gas dilution techniques, enables repeat measures of lung volume to be obtained within a few minutes. This method has the further advantage that with suitable adaptations to the equipment, simultaneous measurements of airway resistance can also be obtained. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations pertaining to equipment requirements, study procedures and reporting of data for plethysmographic measurements in infants. Implementation of these recommendations should help to ensure that such measurements are as accurate as possible and that meaningful comparisons can be made between data collected in different centres or with different equipment. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including terminology and definitions, equipment, data acquisition and analysis and reporting of results and also highlight areas where further research is needed before consensus can be reached.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2000

Tidal forced expirations. ERS/ATS Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing. European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society.

The progress of infant lung function testing has been retarded by both the lack of user-friendly, widely available and affordable equipment and the lack of standardized methodology. The European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing was formed in an attempt to address these deficiencies. This document represents the consensus of investigators with vast experience in the measurement of lung function in infants. The present recommendations deal with equipment requirements, study procedures and reporting of data for measurements of forced expiration at end-tidal inspiration. They represent the "state of the art" in 1999. They are not meant to inhibit further developments in this technique. The authors anticipate that these guidelines will be updated regularly as knowledge progresses.

Europe↗
PubMed1996

The role of functional respiratory tests in predicting pneumothorax during lung needle biopsy.

In 243 of 945 patients having lung percutaneous needle biopsy, we retrospectively evaluated 10 independent variables that potentially influence the incidence of pneumothorax (PNX): age, sex, lesion size, number of needle passes, needle intrapulmonary route, distance of the lesion from the chest wall, FEV1, FVC, residual volume, and total lung capacity percent predicted. The subjects considered (mean age, 61 years; 192 men and 51 women) performed respiratory function tests within 1 year of the procedure. The sample was also subdivided into four functional groups: restricted patients, obstructed ones, obstructed with alveolar hyperinflation patients, and normal subjects. The variables significantly correlated to PNX were the length of the needle intraparenchymal route (p<0.05) and the distance of the lesion from chest wall greater than 0 cm (p<0.01). None of the functional parameters was determinant in predicting PNX occurrence. Bronchial obstruction was not significantly associated with a higher risk of PNX. Nevertheless, when alveolar hyperinflation was associated with bronchial obstruction, the risk increased significantly (odds ratio, 2.38).

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Specifications for equipment used for infant pulmonary function testing. ERS/ATS Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing. European Respiratory Society/ American Thoracic Society.

The aim of this position paper is to define minimal performance criteria for the separate items comprising equipment used to measure respiratory function in infants together with overall performance criteria for the assembled pieces of such equipment. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including: 1) safety, 2) documentation and maintenance of equipment, 3) physical characteristics of mechanical parts and signal transducers, and 4) data acquisition. Further, validation procedures for individual components as well as for the integrated equipment are recommended. Adherence to these guidelines should ensure that infant lung function measurements can be performed with an acceptable degree of safety, precision and reproducibility. They will also facilitate multicentre collection of data and performance of clinical investigations. Manufacturers of infant respiratory function equipment should make every effort to comply with these guidelines, which represent the current standards of paediatric health professionals in this field.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2000

Specification for signal processing and data handling used for infant pulmonary function testing. ERS/ATS Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing. European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society.

The aim of this present paper is to define minimal performance criteria for the separate items comprising signal processing and data handling used to measure respiratory function in infants. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including: signal processing, data handling and subsequent analysis, reporting of results, demographics and handling of reference values. Adherence to these guidelines should ensure that infant lung function measurements can be performed with an acceptable degree of safety, precision, and reproducibility. Furthermore, they will facilitate multicentre collection of data and the performance of clinical investigations.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1998

[Assessment of three filters for respiratory function tests].

Several filters specific for respiratory function tests have been on the market for several years. Recommended by the manufacturers to avoid contaminating the equipment and thus improve patient safety, these filters require a considerable financial investment. We studied the passage of diluted blood into artificial saliva in a patient model simulating inspiration tests and rapid forced expiration to assess the retention capacity of three filters used for respiratory function tests: Multi SPIRO MI-90016 (MultiSPIRO), PF 30S (Pall Biomedical) and Spirobac (Dar. S.p.A). The mean percentage of passage was 1.48% through the MI-90016 filter, 57.15% through the PF 30 S filter and 70.45% through the Spirobac filter. These findings provide further elements for choosing filters for respiratory function tests. Indeed, despite the manufacturers' commercial arguments, the technical documents provided do not give necessary information on the filtering capacity of the filters on the market. We have observed that two out of the three filters tested do no meet the standards expected by clinicians.

Blood↗
PubMed2000

Tidal breath analysis for infant pulmonary function testing. ERS/ATS Task Force on Standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing. European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society.

The aim of this position paper is to provide recommendations pertaining to software and equipment requirements when analysing tidal breathing measurements in infants. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including terminology and definitions, equipment, data acquisition and analysis, and reporting of results, and highlight areas in which further research is needed before consensus can be reached. When collecting tidal breathing data in infants and children, equipment dead space and resistance must be minimized, all sources of leak eliminated, and a flowmeter with appropriate frequency response and linearity employed. Inspired gases should be corrected to body temperature, barometric pressure and saturated with water vapour conditions and efforts made to eliminate the various sources of drift in volume that can occur. In addition, the analogue-to-digital converter used to sample data must be capable of adequately resolving the highest and lowest flows required by the study. An adequate sampling rate must be used; 50-100 Hz may be sufficient for the determination of timing and volume parameters, especially in older infants, but rates of 200 Hz are recommended for analysis of the tidal breathing flow/volume loop and other sensitive parameters such as time to peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory time. The potentially most troublesome aspect of tidal breath analysis from the computational point of view is the identification of the beginning and end of inspiration and expiration. Once methods and equipment for the measurement and analysis of tidal breathing in infants have been standardized, there is an urgent need to establish appropriate reference ranges for various key parameters so that they may be used more effectively in the clinical setting. Implementation of these recommendations should help to ensure that such measurements are as accurate as possible and that more meaningful comparisons can be made between data collected in different centres or with different equipment.

Child↗