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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Lower respiratory tract disease.

Lower respiratory tract disease is an important source of poor performance and exercise intolerance in racehorses and middle-aged sport horses. Horses that perform high-intensity exercise are predisposed to development of infectious and noninfectious respiratory disease. Diagnostic aids for investigation of lower respiratory tract disease include thorough thoracic auscultation with rebreathing, endoscopic examination, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and thoracic radiographic examination. The therapeutic approach for horses with lower respiratory tract diseases often can be directed by cytologic evaluation of BAL fluid. Conservative management techniques may reduce the risk or severity of respiratory disease in horses performing high-intensity exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Significance of exposure of workers in the tanning industry and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases].

Respiratory diseases are in prevalence under the other diseases in industry of leather. The exposition to the chemical irritances like bensen and toluene is very important, because a short exposition gives early symptoms. We found in 54% of examined population pathologic ORL cases in a sense of hypertrophic and atrophic forms rhinitis and pharyngitis. Bacterial flora is pathologic in 20% of examined workers and comparing positive bacteriologic form between nose and pharynges we found infections of mucose of nose more frequent than the throat. The occupational atmosphere and its microclime is very important in pathology of upper respiratory diseases. It is etiological factor in morphological changes of the respiratory mucosas. At the end, we can say that the ordinary monitoring which contains monitoring of working place, and biologic monitoring which means ORL, bacteriological, biochemical and toxicologic examinations must be regulated.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[State of pulmonary surfactant and hemodynamics of lesser blood circulation in Donets Basin coal miners during development of dust-induced respiratory tract diseases].

Respiratory diseases caused by dust in coal miners and high-risk group are manifested by accumulation of low surface-active surfactant masses, which thicken alveolar-capillary membrane, thus the smallest bronchi and alveoli collapse and diffusion of oxygen across blood-gas barrier becomes inadequate. Respiratory hypoxemia leads to reflectory construction of pulmonary arterioles, hence pulmonary hypertension occurs and cuts down blood supply to middle and lower portions of lungs, where dust is the most likely to invade. The blood supply is therefore shunted to the upper portions of lungs, which is compensatory. The stated changes appear at early stages of occupational respiratory diseases in miners.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Mycoplasma hominis as an agent of respiratory tract diseases].

Respiratory organs of newborn rats inoculated intranasally with broth culture of Myc. hominis were studied by the histological, histochemical and immunofluorescence methods. Tracheitis and development of purulent and interstitial pneumonia with a hemorrhagic component were revealed 24 hours after the infection. These changes were observed up to the 7th day of the experiment. At the same period a specific fluorescence of the Myc. hominis antigen was found by the antibody fluorescent test. The present study pointed to the pathogenicity of the Myc. hominis for the respiratory tract of the newborn rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Human metapneumovirus in a haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with fatal lower respiratory tract disease.

Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as a cause of pneumonitis following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, frequently, no pathogen is identified in cases of suspected viral pneumonia. Recently, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus, designated 'human metapneumovirus' (hMPV), was isolated from children with respiratory illness. We have detected hMPV as the sole pathogen in the nasopharyngeal aspirate of an HSCT recipient who succumbed to progressive respiratory failure following an upper respiratory prodrome. This report highlights the importance of further studies to elucidate the role of hMPV in causing respiratory illnesses in the HSCT population.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. III. Effects of smoking on the rate of chronic respiratory tract diseases in coal miners].

Effects of smoking on the case rate of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases in underground coal miners of two mines "A" and "B" were analysed. Work environment and miners under investigation have been thoroughly described in Part I. Smoking miners from both mines, as examined using the significance test chi 2, did not differ significantly, as regards their age and length of employment. In either mine 73.7% of miners were smokers. In both groups of miners, smoking was found to largely affect health. The chronic nonsepcific respiratory tract diseases were 13 times more frequent in smokers and 11 times in ex-smokers, as compared to non-smokers. In smokers and ex-smokers the case rate of these diseases was found to be directly proportional to the amount of cigarettes smoked daily. The higest percentage of those diseases was found in smokers and ex-smokers smoking more than 25 cigarettes a day. The prevalence of chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases was not increasing after more than 10 years of smoking. The obturative form of the disease came to about 10% in smokers and ex-smokers from both groups; thus it was 8 times more frequent than among general populations examined. In mine "A" non-smokers, the case rate of the disease was found to be almost twice that of mine "B", which may be indicative of additional factors promoting the development of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Experimental reproduction of respiratory tract disease with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

An experiment was conducted to reproduce respiratory tract disease with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in one-month-old, colostrum-fed calves. The hypothesized role of viral hypersensitivity and persistent infection in the pathogenesis of BRSV pneumonia was also investigated. For BRSV inoculation a field isolate of BRSV, at the fifth passage level in cell culture, was administered by a combined respiratory tract route (intranasal and intratracheal) for four consecutive days. Four groups of calves were utilized as follows: Group I, 6 calves sham inoculated with uninfected tissue culture fluid and necropsied 21 days after the last inoculation; Group II, 6 calves inoculated with BRSV and necropsied at the time of maximal clinical response (4-6 days after the last inoculation); Group III, 6 calves inoculated with BRSV and necropsied at 21 days after the last inoculation; Group IV, 6 calves inoculated with BRSV, rechallenged with BRSV 10 days after initial exposure, and necropsied at 21 days after the initial inoculation. Clinical response was evaluated by daily monitoring of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas tensions, hematocrit, total protein, white blood cell count, and fibrinogen. Calves were necropsied and pulmonary surface lesions were quantitated by computer digitization. Viral pneumonia was reporduced in each principal group. Lesions were most extensive in Group II. Disease was not apparent in Group I (controls). Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen tension, and pneumonic surface area were demonstrated between control and infected calves. Results indicate that severe disease and lesions can be induced by BRSV in one-month-old calves that were colostrum-fed and seropositive to BRSV. BRSV rechallenge had minimal effect on disease progression. Based on clinical and pathological response, results did not support viral hypersensitivity or persistent infection as pathogenetic mechanisms of BRSV pneumonia.

Animals↗