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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Outcome of normal and dysfunctional labor in different racial groups.

Spontaneous labor in patients of different racial groups has been studied relating progress and outcome to whether labor was dysfunctional as defined by the partogram and action line. Forty-three percent of primigravidas and 17.6 to 25.8% of multigravidas passed the action line and had a lower admission cervical dilatation and a longer observed first stage than those patients whose labor progress remained to the left of the action line. White and black primigravidas whose labor progressed to the right of the action line had lower 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores and delivered heavier babies than those to the left. The cesarean section rates were 1.6% and 1.4% (left) and 7.6% and 18.2% (right) in white and black primigravidas, respectively. The cesarean section rate was significantly higher in black primigravidas irrespective of the relationship to the action line due to the high incidence of the complications of hypertension such as fetal distress and abruptio placentae in those in normal labor as well as those in dysfunctional labor due to cephalopelvic disproportion in those patients whose cervimetric progress went to the right of the action line.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

alpha1-Antitrypsin variants in different racial groups in Malaysia.

In a study of Malaysians of different racial groups, 1,510 sera (908 from Malays, 371 from Chinese and 231 from Indians) were identified for their protease inhibitor (Pi) types. The gene frequencies for the alleles PiM, PiS and PiX in Malays were, respectively, 0.979, 0.015, and 0.007. In Chinese, the frequencies were 0.981, 0.019 and 0.000, and in Indians they were 0.976, 0.24, and 0.000. It is interesting that the usually rare PiX type is found in appreciable frequency in the Malays. Two different types with unusual behavior and obscure origin were also found.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Speech and language testing with distinct ethnic-racial groups: a survey of procedures for improving validity.

Several procedures are being used currently to improve the validity of speech and language evaluation for ethnic or racial groups from lower-income populations. Procedures mentioned in this article include: (1) developing a new test, (2) modifying test items or keyed responses on existing tests, and (3) developing new norms for existing tests. Examples are given for each procedure, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiologic studies of gastric carcinoma: comparison between Iranians and two racial groups in the USA.

Gastric carcinoma in 226 cases from the two major racial groups--black and white--in Richmond, VA, USA, and in 75 cases from Shiraz, Iran, were studied. The age at onset and the ratio of intestinal to diffuse gastric carcinoma were compared with those for the high- and low-risk groups from Colombia. Poor socioeconomic conditions are directly related to intestinalization of the gastric mucosa and onset of carcinoma at a relatively young age. In Shiraz, the peak incidence of lymphoma, including intestinal lymphoma, is in the third decade of life; for esophageal carcinoma, it is in the fourth decade, and for gastric carcinoma, in the fifth. Comparison of this age distribution with induction times of neoplasia in immunosuppressed patients supports the suggestion of a common cocarcinogenic factor acting early in infancy. In Richmond, the ratio of intestinal to diffuse carcinoma for the black population is consistently higher than for the white. This difference has increased recently due to a more rapid decline in incidence of intestinal-type gastric carcinoma in the white population than in the black.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Maternal blood gas status of four racial groups in late pregnancy A preliminary study.

The blood gas/acid-base status of normal healthy Black, Indian, Coloured and White pregnant women was measured. All groups exhibited evidence of hyperventilation (decreased) PaCO2 relative to the non-pregnant state, with compensatory metabolic adjustment. Arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2) were significantly lower in the Black and Indian groups compared with their White counterparts (P less than 0,01). Differences between the former two series and the Coloured group, however, just failed to reach statistically significant levels (0,1 less than P less than 0,05). The possible causes of a lowered PaO2 during pregnancy and their relevance to obstetric anaesthesia are discussed. A further study using a more sophisticated protocol is planned in an attempt to delineate the causes of these important differences.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

Five subtypic specificities of the Bw22 complex in four racial groups.

Five subtypic specificities of Bw22 were defined using 38 informative local and Seventh Histocompatibility Workshop sera: Bw54, 22.2, J2, Bw42, and a new Bw22 associated antigen Te90. The previously defined specificity, 22.1, associated with Cw3, could not be distinguished from Bw54 in this study. Marked restriction in the distribution of four Bw22 specificities (Bw54 excepted) in white, Mexican, black, and Oriental populations was described and provided supporting evidence for the identification of these antigens.

Black People↗
PubMed1975

Racial predilection in multiple sclerosis.

Comparisons between the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis and the habitats of various racial groups showed that racial factors alone could not explain the increase in prevalence of the disease with latitude. Racially similar groups living in different areas had different frequencies of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, racially different groups, living in the same area, had similar prevalence rates of multiple sclerosis. Moreover, migrants moving from one environment to another at a young age (before adolescence) appeared "to acquire" the risk of multiple sclerosis of the new environment. These observations suggest than an environmental factor independent of race influenced the risk of acquiring multiple sclerosis. Nonetheless, some genetic factors associated with race may also be implicated, for example, HL-A tissue antigens (perhaps by virtue of a common association with the immune response (Ir) gene), the Gm and Inv immunoglobulin characteristics and skin pigmentary characteristics (perhaps through interactions between pigmentation and calcium metabolism). The specific environmental factors determining risk of multiple sclerosis and the mechanism whereby the racial (genetic) factors may influence risk remain to be elucidated.

Africa↗
PubMed1977

Dermatoglyphics in Down's syndrome patients of different racial origins.

To investigate whether the phenotypic resemblance of Down's syndrome patients of different racial origins extended to include their dermatoglyphic characteristics, we made comparisons of dermal pattern frequencies on digits, palms, and hallucal areas of white, black and Japanese patients and matched controls. The results showed similarities in frequencies of digital whorls and ulnar loops in patients of all racial groups, of patterns in hallucal, thenar/I, second and third interdigital areas in white and black patients, and of hypothenar patterns and t" triradii in Japanese and black patients. The frequencies of the digital arches and remainder of the palmar configurations in patients of three racial groups showed significant, though often smaller, differences than those found in their controls.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

A racial comparison of cleft patients in a clinic population: associated anomalies and recurrence rates.

Clinical files of 22 black and 88 white cleft palate patients, under 16 years of age, were studied. Data on the distribution of cleft types, associated birth defects and recurrence rates were obtained for the two racial groups and analyzed through the use of the X2 test. It was found that blacks had a significantly higher (p less than .005) rate of associated birth defects when compared to whites. No significant differences were found in recurrence rates between the racial groups.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Intracranial space-occupying masses in mental hospital patients: necropsy study.

During a three year period 1970--1973 necropsies were performed on 200 patients who died in a mental hospital in the Transvaal, South Africa. There was no selection of cases other than availability of consent for postmortem examination. The necropsy rate for this period was 56%. The patients belonged to three racial groups, Black, White, and Coloured, the latter being defined as those of mixed blood. Among these 200 cases, 27 were found at necropsy to have an intracranial space-occupying mass. Mention is made of the literature dealing with the incidence and diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying masses in mental hospital patients, and the incidence of intracranial space-occupying masses in the different racial groups in South Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Impacts of Climate Change and Related Weather Events on the Health and Wellbeing of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Vulnerable populations such as culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), ethnic minorities and racial groups face a disproportionate burden of climate change-related health impacts due to a combination of socio-cultural and economic factors, geographic vulnerabilities and health disparities. This review synthesised the existing evidence on the health and wellbeing impacts of climate change and related weather events among CALD communities. METHODS: A narrative synthesis approach was utilised to conduct a systematic review. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched, identifying 25 studies for appraisal and synthesis. Studies published in the English language from January 2010 to March 2024 were included in the review. RESULTS: The reviewed studies, mostly carried out in the USA, employed varied study designs, and focused on diverse CALD groups such as migrants, farmworkers and racial and ethnic minorities. The included studies addressed broader and specific climate change-related events, ranging from heat-related impacts and hurricanes to occupational heat exposure. CALD communities were found to be more vulnerable to climate change-related negative physical and mental health issues, further exacerbated by poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, and cultural and language barriers. CONCLUSION: Future efforts by governments, healthcare agencies, employers and research institutions should prioritise multilingual risk communication strategies, providing culturally appropriate health education and healthcare access, housing improvements and the investigation of long-term health impacts of climate change and coping mechanisms adopted among CALD populations.

Climate Change↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal IgE values in the black population.

Ninety-three cord blood samples from black neonates were evaluted for the total IgE level using the PRIST method. The results reveal values comparable to the IgE levels in other racial groups, suggesting that the influence of racial differences was not obvious at this stage.

Black People↗
PubMed1978

Jaundice and breast-feeding among Alaskan Eskimo newborns.

The course, incidence, and severity of neonatal jaundice was studied in 95 Alaskan Eskimo infants. Breast-fed infants had higher bilirubin concentrations than bottle-fed babies. Both groups experienced high bilirubin levels, similar to those previously reported in Navajo and Oriental infants but greater than those observed in whites and blacks. A marked capacity to inhibit hepatic glucuronyl transferase was observed in breast-milk specimens but only partly accounted for the bilirubin differences between breast-fed and bottle-fed Eskimo infants. These data suggest that in some racial groups predisposed to neonatal jaundice, feeding practices significantly alter the course and severity of hyperbilirubinemia.

Alaska↗
PubMed1978

Racial comparisons of alcohol metabolism: background, problems, and results.

The background of and problems in making comparisons among different racial groups in their rates of alcohol metabolism are reviewed. The results of five studies are discussed. It is concluded that the variation among races in rate of alcohol metabolism is not different in kind than variation among individuals within a given race. There are good reasons to expect the former variation to be smaller than the latter.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1979

Serum complement (C3 and C4) levels in the Malaysian adult population.

Serum C3 and C4 values were determined in 236 normal adults of three racial groups, using the single radial immunodiffusion techniques. The C3 levels varied from 47 to 119 mg/dl and C4 levels from 16 to 66 ml/dl (mean +/- 2SD). The values were found to be comparable to the normals reported in some Western series. No significant differences in the levels related to sex and race were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Factors affecting risks of congenital malformations. I. Analysis of epidemiologic factors in congenital malformations. Report from the Collaborative Perinatal Project.

An analysis was made of over 30 demographic, biologic and medical variables in relation to risks of congenital malformations which occurred in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. The study population consisted of 46,689 single and multiple live births and fetal deaths about whom complete information was available on all study variables. Included in the analysis were 5 general malformation categories, 27 specific major, and 7 specific minor malformations. Several new associations were detected between epidemiologic factors and risks of specific malformations while other previously reported associations were confirmed by the present investigation. The analysis of general categories of malformations showed that multiple births had a higher frequency of major malformations than single births; whenever sex differences in incidence were noted, males, with few exceptions, had an excess of malformations over females; and maternal diabetes during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of major malformations in the fetus. Among specific findings of possible etiologic significance were that the risk for microcephaly was associated with infrequent prenatal visits and the presence of maternal hyperthyroidism; and unusually low weight gain and infrequent prenatal visits were associated with increased risk for lung hypoplasia. There was no significant effect of inbreeding of the fetus or mother on the risks of general or specific types of malformations. Anencephaly was more frequent among white than among Negro infants, whereas no difference in incidence was noted in spina bifida between the two racial groups. This finding points to an inconsistency in the hypothesis of common etiology for these malformations. Whites were also found to have significantly higher incidences over Negroes of pyloric stenosis, congenital dislocation of the hip, micrognathia, and pectus excavatum, while Negroes have higher incidences of metatarsus varus and inguinal hernia.

Cataract↗