[Radiation monitoring of workplace principles of radiation monitoring (II), monitoring of external radiation (1) (authors' transl)].
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Liquid Crystals having color play centered at different temperatures are arranged on metal coated and nonmetal coated dielectric substrates and used to monitor electromagnetic radiation. While both substrates respond to changes in ambient temperature conditions, the metallized substrate will also have temperature changes due to absorbed radiation. The temperature-dependent light scattering properties of the liquid crystals are used as both the temperature measuring mechanism and the indicating mechanism, with the difference between the temperature indications of the two substrates being a measure of the radiation. An experimental model that measures radiation of 1 to 15 mW/cm2 at 2.45 GHz is described.
The new independent radiation monitor (IRM), unlike its predecessor, is a reliable and sensitive safetly device for any radiation therapy room. It shows unequivovally that the beam is on, and it is inexpensive and simple to construct.
In the radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the oral cavity, the exact distribution of radiation dosage in the neighborhood of metallic dental replacement has been uncertain so far. Many authors therefore asked that crowns and bridges be removed before radiotherapy. By means of lithium fluoride thermo-luminescence dosimetry, punctate measurements of doses are possible for the first time. In view of the dose values obtained, removal of metallic dental replacement before the beginning of radiotherapy as a prophylactic measure to prevent radioosteomyelitis appears not to be necessary.
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Dried Bacillus pumilus spore strips had a stable D-value of 0.17 to 0.18 Mrad after 1 year at 5 or 25 C, but resistance was lost at 35 C. Refrigeration did not have an adverse effect on resistance to irradiation. The presence of water at the time of initial preparation increased this resistance to 0.23 to 0.25 Mrad. Proper drying is essential to achieve reproducible results in sterility tests using USP-type biological indicators.
Diagnostic radiation exposure in 133 consecutive newborns was studied using a TLD monitoring system. Eighty-eight per cent of dosimeters received less than 1 mSv (100 mrem) total exposure. The mean exposure per chest radiograph was 0.044 +/- 0.023 mSv (4.4 +/- 2.3 mrem). Abdominal surface exposure was 0.053 +/- 0.03 mSv (5.3 +/- 3.0 mrem) for boys and 0.044 +/- 0.021 mSv (4.4 +/- 2.1 mrem) for girls. The gonadal exposure, which was calculated from the abdominal exposure data, was 0.053 +/- 0.030 mSv (5.3 +/- 3.0 mrem) for boys and 0.026 +/- 0.012 mSv (2.6 +/- 1.2 mrem) for girls. The correction factor for beam attenuation over gonads in girls was 0.58. In general, the radiation received by these infants did not exceed the currently published protection limits.