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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Exploring the transcriptional cooperation between RUNX2 and its associated elncRNA RAIN.

Recent insights into the mechanisms controlling gene expression identified enhancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (elncRNAs) as master players of transcription in cancers. RUNX2, a mammalian RUNT-related transcription factor, is increasingly recognized in cancer biology for its role in supporting survival and progression also in thyroid cancer (TC). We recently identified, within the RUNX2 locus, a novel elncRNA that we named RAIN (RUNX2 associated intergenic lncRNA). We showed that RAIN and RUNX2 expression correlate in TC, both in vitro and in vivo, and that RAIN promotes RUNX2 expression by interacting with and affecting the activity of the RUNX2 P2 promoter through two distinct mechanisms. Here, we took forward these observations to explore the genome-wide transcriptional function of RAIN and its contribution to the RUNX2-dependent gene expression program in TC. By combining multiple omics data, we demonstrated that RAIN functionally cooperates with RUNX2 to the regulation of a subset of functionally related genes involved in promoting matrix remodeling, migration, and loss of differentiation. We showed that RAIN interacts with RUNX2 and its expression is required for the efficient recruitment of this TF to its target regulatory regions. In addition, our data revealed that besides RUNX2, RAIN governs a hierarchically organized complex transcriptional program by controlling a core of cancer-associated TFs that, in turn, orchestrate the expression of downstream genes. This evidence indicates that the functional cooperation observed between RAIN and RUNX2 can be a diffuse work mechanism for this elncRNA.

Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit↗
PubMed1992

Determining the collection efficiency of gummed paper for the deposition of radioactive contaminants in simulated rain.

An extensive network of gummed paper collectors was used during the 1950s for routine monitoring of radioactive fallout from weapons testing. The experiments reported in this paper were designed to examine the collection efficiency of gummed paper for wet deposition of several types of soluble and insoluble radioactive contaminants under conditions similar to those found during natural rainstorms. The collection efficiencies for each substance were determined over a range of rainfall amounts and at two separate rainfall intensities. The collection efficiency of the gummed paper is highest for large insoluble particles and lowest for soluble ionic substances. The values for 7Be and 131I ranged from about 0.30 (30%) at 2.5 mm of rain to 0.04-0.06 (4%-6%) at 20 mm of rain. These values were negatively correlated with the amount of rain and were unaffected by rain intensity. This suggests that the collection efficiency of either ion is simply a matter of rapid saturation and runoff. Neither rain amount nor rain intensity has much effect on the collection efficiency of large insoluble particles. These particles seem to settle readily onto the surface of the gummed paper from which they are not easily removed by additional rain. Analysis of the collection efficiencies of the gummed paper included the activity of both the gummed paper and the standing water on the paper. A large portion of the activity for the ionic substances was found in the standing water. There was less activity by insoluble particles in standing water. This indicates that for estimates of deposition of soluble substances, considerable bias could be introduced into the results if the standing water is discarded prior to analysis.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1975

Influence of humidity and rain on uptake and metabolism of 14C-azinphos-methyl in bean plants.

In several experiments the influence of relative humidity and rain on uptake and metabolism of carbonyl-14C-azinphos-methyl was examined in bean plants under the following environmental conditions: Growth room with 35/80%, 65/85% and 95/95% (day/night) relative humidity and open field with and without rain. Increasing relative humidity had an enhancing effect on the rate of uptake and metabolism. A higher portion of water-soluble compounds was found in the bean tissue, although the azinphos-methyl itself is relatively non-polar. Low relative humidity and possible dry periods in summer will reduce the uptake and will leave the azinphos-methyl relatively persistent on the leaf surface. Rain or spray irrigation easily removed azinphos-methyl from the leaves. The rate of this removal seemed to depend on the intensity and time of rainfall after application. However, repeated wettings by rain may simultaneously stimulate uptake and metabolism of azinphos-methyl by the leaves.

Azinphosmethyl↗
PubMed1978

Studies on onchocerciasis in the United Cameroon Republic. IV. A four-year follow-up of six rain-forest and six savanna villages. The incidence of ocular lesions.

After an interval of four years the same observers re-examined six rain-forest and six savanna villages, using the same standardized techniques. The results of these surveys have previously been reported by area, i.e. rain-forest and savanna. The present paper analyses the incidence of ocular changes by village. In the rain-forest the concentrations of microfilariae in the skin were similar in the six villages and there was, in general, little difference in the incidence and/or deterioration of ocular lesions between these villages. In the savanna the corresponding quantities were much higher in the three more heavily infected villages compared with the three less heavily infected ones. The implications of these findings for the control of blindness due to onchocerciasis in the savanna are discussed.

Cameroon↗
PubMed2026

Simplifying multiplex genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with intron-mediated Random Assembly and INtegration (RAIN).

Engineering of multistep enzymatic pathways often involves extensive optimization of heterologous gene expression levels and requires cloning of promoter and open reading frames (ORFs) to generate expression cassettes. We present work on a nascent method for multiplex genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that negates the requirement for cloning of expression cassettes. Our system, Random Assembly and INtegration (RAIN), uses intron-mediated homologous recombination (HR) for random in vivo assembly of exogenous promoter and ORF libraries, which are combined and cotransformed in a one-pot method. The libraries include consensus homology arms which target long terminal repeat regions of the Ty1 retrotransposon, providing over a hundred possible integration loci. In this way, our developmental system aims to negate the need for in vitro combinatorial cloning of promoters and ORFs to generate expression cassettes, simplifying in vitro DNA preparation before multiplex genome engineering. This paper presents findings from a series of experiments to demonstrate a proof of concept for the RAIN system. These include: the first reported use of intron-mediated assembly of promoters and ORFs for expression of a functional gene product; up to three markerless genomic integrations; and up to five integrations with antibiotic selection. We also present a number of innovations to improve integration efficiency during multiplex engineering in S. cerevisiae including: SGS1 gene knockout; disruption of heteroduplex rejection; modified Cas9 expression architecture; and overexpression of HR genes RAD52, MRE11, and RAD59. To demonstrate how our system can be used for single transformation phenotype engineering of multiple strains, we also transformed a library of methylotrophy associated genes to generate four new strains that were able to grow on a solid minimal medium with methanol as the sole additional carbon source. Our findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve multiplex genome engineering tools in S. cerevisiae, and provide the foundations for further development of a novel toolbox for generating useful genetic diversity for metabolic pathway engineering.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗
PubMed1979

[Sudan-savanna and rain-forest onchocerciasis in West Africa: an epidemiological problem (author's transl)].

A Sudan-savanna and a rain forest onchocerciasis have been described in West Africa. These two patterns of onchocerciasis have in common many epidemiological features but in hyperendemic areas there is a very essential difference between the two. In savanna the prevalence of serious ocular lesions and blindness due to onchocerciasis are much higher than in forest. Therefore attempting to explain these differences five groups of factors (or working hypothesis) are reviewed: --factors related to the vectors; --onchocerca-simulium couples; --different Onchocerca volvulus strains; --factors related to the human-host; --other varied factors: nutritional factors, concomitant ocular infections, luminousness of savanna, periods of transmission... A critical examination of these hypothesis brings to the conclusion that according to our present knowledge the main difference between savanna and rain-forest onchocerciasis may be due to degrees in pathogenicity of different strains of O. volvulus but these hypothesis have not been proved formally. More the part of concomitant factors (co-factors), themselves related to bioclimactic zones must not be ruled out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the flight range and dispersal of Simulium damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the rain-forest of Cameroon.

Five marking/recapture experiments were carried out on Simulium damnosum in the rain-forest of the United Republic of Cameroon, in order to determine the regression in biting density at increasing distances from the marking point. Flies were captured unfed, marked with fluorescent dust, and then released on the bank of a large river. Recaptures were made over the six-seven days after marking, at seven stations situated from 200 m to 79 km along a large river, from the marking site. Marked flies, which showed fluorescent pigment when examined under an ultraviolet lamp, were recovered at all seven sites. The ratios of the number of recaptures per man-hour at each distant site to the recaptures per man-hour at the marking point were calculated to obtain values for the proportional biting density (Z). The value of Z declined in a logarithmic manner with increasing distance from the marking site, such that it fell to 0-1 at distances of 34-1 km on a large river, 5-5 km on a small river, and 1-5 km on a road leading away from a large river. The peak number of flies recaptured at the farthest sites along a large river (56 km and 79 km) occurred one day later than at the station nearest the marking point. The dispersal of marked flies which had fed on volunteers carrying Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae, was studied along a large river. Of three flies recaptured 24 km upstream from the marking point, one contained 10 infective larvae of O. volvulus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride in treated sewage and in rain and snow.

The liquid effluent of a sewage treatment plan contained 1.21 ppm ionic and total fluoride, which was higher than 1.0 ppm fluoride in the fluoridated public water supply. The discharge of the effluent into a river did not greatly raise the fluoride content of the river water because of dilution and other factors. The semisolid waste of sewage treatment also contained fluoride, but very little was volatilized on burning. Rain and snow were found to contain detectable quantities of fluoride, and the fluoride content of snow increased markedly during exposure to an urban environment.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1992

New distinct lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia (Raine syndrome).

We report a third case of a rare neonatal lethal sclerotic bone disorder with distinct craniofacial anomalies and striking radiographic and hitherto undescribed histopathologic features. The remarkable similarity between our patient and 2 recently reported infants suggests strongly a distinct entity. We propose the term Raine syndrome as a convenient identification of this disorder.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed1976

Studies on onchocerciasis in the United Cameroon Republic. III. A four year follow-up of 6 rain-forest and 6 Sudan-savanna villages.

After an interval of four years the same observers used the same standardized techniques to re-examine 1,016 people in 12 heavily infected rain-forest and savanna villages in Cameroon. The changes in the number of nodules and in the concentration of microfilariae in the skin and eye are described. These latter changes are correlated with the development and/or deterioration of eye lesions and visual impairment. In both the rainforest and the savanna there was a strong association between the development of eye lesions and a high concentration of microfilariae, not only in the eye but also in the skin, and more so at the shoulder than at the buttock. The importance of these findings for the prevention of blindness is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Worm burden of onchocerca volvulus in a hyperendemic village of the rain-forest in West Africa.

During a study on the effects of nodulectomy on onchocerciasis in a village in the Liberian rain-forest 400 Onchocerca-nodules were excised from 34 inhabitants. The analysis of the nodules revealed a worm burden of 718 complete live male and 1062 complete live female worms as well as 9 male and 117 female worms which were mostly calcified and degenerating. 73% of the live females contained developing embryos or released microfilariae, the other females either contained eggs or showed empty uteri. Some observations were made on degenerating worms. The male:female sex ratio was 1:1.5 and possible reasons for this are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Relations between Anopheles darlingi breeding habitats, rainfall, river level and malaria transmission rates in the rain forest of Suriname.

Irregular peaks of P.falciparum malaria incidence were monitored in Suriname during 1982-86. An attempt is made to correlate these fluctuations of malaria rates with rainfall and river level in relation to the periodic availability of breeding habitats for the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi Root. Densities of adult female An.darlingi were recorded in the Upper-Marowijne region of Suriname, in a focus of malaria along the Marowijne River. Peaks in biting densities correlated well with periods of (i) high water level in the long rainy season, (ii) low water level in the long dry season, and (iii) abundant rainfall in the short rainy season. Critical levels of river-height and rainfall were defined which could explain most of the monthly fluctuations in malaria parasite incidence observed in this area.

Animals↗