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Results for “Recall rate”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Heart rate, recall, and reaction-time measures of levels of processing.

A problem of circularity emerges in any attempt to index depth by retention alone. In the present study, reaction time (RT), and heart-rate response were used to index the three qualitatively distinct levels of physical, phonemic, and semantic processing. An additional objective was to distinguish between the three levels under incidental vs intentional learning conditions. Subjects were 46 male undergraduates who were given 30 trials. A trial consisted of the presentation of an orienting question and an imperative word-stimulus separated by a 6-sec. interval. There were three types of questions in order to induce processing to one of the three target levels. The results indicated that recall as well as heart-rate acceleration distinguished between two (physical vs phonemic and semantic) rather than three levels of processing in the incidental condition. Heart-rate change differentiated between incidental and intentional, the intentional condition showing a smaller change. Semantic and phonemic RTs were faster than physical RT, but there were no differences between semantic and phonemic RTs. Intentional recall was superior to incidental recall. It is suggested that psychophysiological indices can provide independent evidence for 'levels of processing.'

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Imagery rating and recall in congenitally blind subjects.

Imagery ratings, incidental free recall, and intentional free recall of a group of young congenitally blind adults living in an institute for the blind and of control group were compared. Words to be rated and recalled belonged to three categories: (a) high-imagery words whose referents can be sensorially experienced also by the blind; (b) high-imagery words whose referents cannot be experienced; and (c) low-imagery words. In the control group, both ratings of imagery and recall were affected by the category to which the word belonged. For the blind group the category of the word affected only the ratings of imagery which still assumed a peculiar form since words in category b received extremely low ratings. It is concluded that the blind can evaluate the imagery value of a word, but that their recall is not affected by the level of its imagery value. Therefore, the imagery value really seems to describe, as Paivio asserts, the susceptibility of an item to being coded in a specific visuo-imaginal way, which is more available for sighted than for blind people.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Dreams and dementia: a laboratory exploration of dream recall and dream content in chronic brain syndrome patients.

Seventeen (seven mild and ten severe) chronic brain syndrome patients were testes in the sleep laboratory for dream recall and content. The mildly organic patients had 57 per cent recall while the severely organic patients had 35 per cent recall. We also studied four aged severely organic patients. These patients showed a recall rate of 8 per cent. The difference between the recall rates in mildly and severely organic middle-aged patients was not statistically significant. The difference between the recall rates of the aged severely organic patients and either or both of the middle-aged groups was statistically significant (p smaller than .001). In addition, we found dream content differences between the mildly and severely organic middle-aged groups and between the combined group and normal young men.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

Eye movements and over rehearsal in wood recall.

Rates of overt rehearsal and eye movement were compared to each other, and were also compared as predictors of immediate and delayed recall, using practiced subjects who studied lists of eight simultaneously presented words. The correlation between number of eye fixations per word and number of rehearsals per word was greater in immediate than in delayed recall. Also, the number of fixations exceeded the number of overt rehearsals, especially under delayed-recall conditions. However, both overt rehearsals and eye movements were slower in delayed recall. The number of overt rehearsals and the number of fixations per word were good predictors of immediate recall, but neither was highly correlated with delayed recall. Engaging in overt rehearsal had the following effects: It slowed down eye movements, seemed to bias the subject toward a serial learning strategy, improved immediate recall, and did not reduce delayed recall. It was concluded that total looking time was the best predictor of long-term retention and that recall performance following overt rehearsal was different from recall performance following silent study.

Attention↗

PubMed2026

Outcomes and Associated Prognostic Factors for Orthograde Canal Obturation Using Ortho MTA III: A Randomised Prospective Clinical Trial.

AIM: To prospectively compare treatment outcomes for orthograde canal obturation using Ortho MTA III (OMTA) with the continuous wave of compaction (CWC) using gutta-percha (GP) and AH Plus sealer, and to identify associated predictive factors. METHODOLOGY: Informed consent was obtained (110 patients), and single- or two-rooted permanent teeth (n = 120) diagnosed with pulp necrosis (or previously treated) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess (periapical index, PAI ≥ 3) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 60/group). The canals were prepared to a minimal apical size #40 (ISO) based on their initial file size, disinfected and obturated by either CWC or OMTA using an enhanced disinfection protocol (GP disinfected, new gloves after each intraoperative radiograph and before starting obturation). Clinical and periapical radiographic examinations were conducted by two calibrated, independent endodontists during follow-up periods of at least 12 months. Success rates and associated predictive factors (tooth-, operator- and patient-related) were analysed statistically using binary and multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The median recall period was 30 months (14-48 months), and 104 teeth were finally analysed (recall rate: 86.67%). No significant differences in success rate were observed between the groups (p > 0.05) under both loose (OMTA: 88.24%, CWC: 83.02%) and strict criteria (OMTA: 64.71%, CWC: 58.49%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR = 5.735, 95% CI: 1.286-25.577, p = 0.022), periapical lesion size (OR = 6.596, 95% CI: 1.397-31.138, p = 0.017) and PAI score (OR = 2.081, 95% CI: 1.047-4.136, p = 0.036) were significant predictors of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: Orthograde obturation of infected canals with Ortho MTA III demonstrated comparable success and treatment outcomes to those filled with GP and sealer by CWC, supporting its potential as a clinically viable alternative for the obturation of infected root canals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: cris.nih.go.kr registration number: KCT00099939.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clinical Performance of Bulk-Fill Versus Incremental Composite Placement Approaches in Vital Posterior Teeth: A 24 Months Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Composite resin placement technique may influence marginal integrity, polymerization stress distribution, and long-term clinical performance of posterior restorations. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the 24-month clinical performance of four different placement techniques in Class I posterior composite restorations. METHODS: Fifty patients aged 20-35 years presenting with four occlusal carious lesions each were enrolled, resulting in 200 restorations. Cavities (4-5 mm depth) were prepared according to caries extension. Restorations were randomly allocated into four equal groups (n = 50) according to placement technique: stamp technique, snowplow technique, modified incremental "pizza" technique, and bulk-fill technique. All materials were applied following manufacturers' instructions. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months using FDI criteria. Functional (fracture/retention, marginal adaptation), esthetic (marginal staining, anatomical form), and biological (postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries) properties were assessed by two calibrated evaluators. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with a total of 152 restorations were evaluated at the end of the 24 months in line with FDI at the end of the study with 76% recall rates. No statistically significant differences were observed among groups regarding fracture/retention or secondary caries (p > 0.05). Marginal adaptation and marginal staining demonstrated minor deterioration over time across all groups, with statistically significant intergroup differences found (p < 0.05). Postoperative sensitivity was minimal and transient in all groups with no significant difference (p = 0.181). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this 24-month follow-up, the four placement techniques demonstrated comparable clinical performance in Class I posterior composite restorations. Selection of technique may therefore be guided by clinical preference and procedural efficiency rather than differences in short-term clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07415317.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Management and outcome of winter upper respiratory tract infections in children aged 0-9 years.

Age-specific incidences for upper respiratory tract infections in children from a new-town population during 1975-7 were studied, and 965 consecutive upper respiratory tract infections in children aged under 10 during two winters were analysed in detail. Significantly different management plans made by seven doctors did not correlate with the clinical outcome as judged by complications, recall rates, and demand for treatment for similar episodes in the future. Two hundred and thirty-two children (24%) returned for another consultation for the same episode of upper respiratory tract infection. The main reason for these repeat consultations seemed to be that parental expectations about the natural history of the illness were not fulfilled. More realistic parental expectations might be set and safer clinical standards maintained if doctors warned parents about symptoms such as cough and occasional diarrhoea or vomiting that are commonly associated with upper respiratory tract infections in children.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1979

A screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism: preliminary results.

Highly sensitive and precise radioimmunoassays for thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in dried blood spots on filter paper cards have been developed and are used to screen newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism. Blood spot TSH levels are measured in samples for which blood spot T4 levels fall in the lower 10 to 15 percent. There was a low recall rate of approximately one infant in every 550 screened. During a 17-month period 5225 infants have been screened for congenital hypothyroidism and two cretins have been detected. Due to very early diagnosis, both infants were commenced on T4 replacement therapy before the age of three weeks.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗

PubMed1979

[TSH-screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. Experiences with early thyrotropin (TSH) screening].

14,919 newborn infants were screened for congenital hypothyroidism within the last 5 years using a sensitive TSH method. 10 infants with congenital hypothyroidism were discovered thus presenting a frequency of 1:4500. Four of these infants showed abnormally high TSH levels and normal thyroxine levels. The determination of TSH in cord blood--or combined with the screening program for phenylketonuria--in eluate of dried filter paper specimens is the most sensitive test for primary hypothyroidism without false negative results and a low false positive recall rate of 0.16%. After initiation of therapy with thyroxine the TSH level falls unless therapy is delayed for longer. In the latter case TSH levels may remain elevated for several months despite therapy with thyroxine. We would suggest to start therapy with triiodothyronine for up to 14 days prior to initiation of the usual thyroxine therapy.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗

PubMed1979

Blood-spot thyrotropin radioimmunoassay in a screening program for congenital hypothyroidism.

We describe a highly sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin in dried blood spots on filter paper cards. In a screening program for congenital hypothyroidism, blood-spot thyrotropin concentrations are measured in infants whose blood-spot thyroxine concentrations are in the lower 10%, and this strategy has reduced the recall rate from 1.7% (thyroxine assay alone) to 0.17%. Thyrotropin assay samples consist of discs 4.5-mm in diameter, containing about 6 microL of blood, punched from blood spots. By appropriate attention to assay conditions, a mean least-detectable thyrotropin concentration equivalent to 2.5 milliunits/L plasma has been achieved. Concomitant measurement of thyrotropin by plasma and blood-spot assays in 91 subjects yielded a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.9732. An analysis of variance of the distribution volume of thyrotropin in blood spots and a covariance analysis of factors affecting blood-spot thyroxine results are presented.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1977

Adaptation of TSH filter paper method for regionalized screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

A sensitive, specific, rapid radioimmunoassay is described for the determination of thyrotropin (TSH) in eluates from two 3 mm discs punched from dried blood filter-paper specimens. This method is sufficiently sensitive to easily discriminate between normal infants and infants with primary hypothyroidism. The use of two 3 mm discs enables screening laboratories to easily incorporate this methodology into the currently available, fully automated systems to screen for several metabolic disorders. Since mental retardation occurs in untreated infants with primary hypothyroidism, our TSH method as the primary screening test alone, or in association with a thyroxine (T4) screening test, should detect all infants with primary hypothyroidism with a very acceptable low false-positive recall rate.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗

PubMed1978

Marijuana: dose effects on pulse rate, subjective estimates of intoxication, free recall and recognition memory.

The effect of marijuana on memory as measured by free recall and recognition, pulse rate and self ratings of intoxication was evaluated in 16 male volunteers. Marijuana containing 0, 5, 10 or 15 mg delta9-THC was administered to all subjects by smoking in 4 sessions separated by a 1 week interval. Free recall was reduced in a dose related manner by the drug, but recognition memory was unaffected. A 2 sec word presentation rate produced inferior recall in comparison to a 4 sec rate, but this variable did not interact with drug condition. Intrusion errors increased following intoxication but this effect was not systematically related to dosage of delta9-THC. Both pulse rate and self ratings of intoxication increased with dosage.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Effectiveness of patient recall system on immunization rates for influenza.

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Adult↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive evaluation of ACMG/AMP-based variant classification tools.

MOTIVATION: The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines represent the gold standard for clinical variant interpretation. Despite the widespread adoption of ACMG/AMP guidelines, a comprehensive comparison of the software tools designed to implement them has been lacking. This represents a significant gap, as clinicians require evidence-based guidance on which tools to use in their practice. RESULTS: We benchmarked four ACMG/AMP-based tools (Franklin, InterVar, TAPES, Genebe) selected from 22 tools, and compared their performance with LIRICAL, a top-performing phenotype-driven tool, using 151 expert-curated datasets from Mendelian disorders. Selection criteria included free availability, VCF compatibility, operational reliability, and not being disease-specific. Our evaluation framework assessed top-N accuracy (N = 1, 5, 10, 20, 50), retention rates, precision, recall, F1 scores, and area under the curve (AUC). Statistical validation employed bootstrap confidence intervals (n = 1000) and Friedman tests. LIRICAL (68.21%) and Franklin (61.59%) demonstrated superior top-10 variant prioritization accuracy in Mendelian disorders, significantly outperforming other tools (P = .0000). Results demonstrate that tools with advanced phenotypic integration significantly outperform those relying primarily on genomic features. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: All data and source code required to reproduce the findings of this study are openly available in the Code Ocean repository at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.6562438.v1.

Software↗

PubMed2026

Artificial intelligence-supported double reading in European population breast cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective programs.

BACKGROUND: Most European population mammography screening programs rely on double reading with arbitration, a model that delivers mortality benefit but is increasingly challenged by radiologist workload, variable specificity, and interval cancers. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being evaluated to support or optimize these established European screening pathways. PURPOSE: To synthesize prospective or program-embedded evaluations of AI conducted within European-style population screening programs and to estimate exploratory program-level absolute risk differences (RDs) per 1000 examinations for cancer detection rate (CDR) and recall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prespecified, focused evidence synthesis of three large studies embedded within routine population screening programs operating under European-relevant workflows: MASAI (randomized AI-supported risk triage within a national program), ScreenTrustCAD (prospective paired-reader evaluation with AI as an independent reader in a double-reading framework), and PRAIM (nationwide decision-referral implementation). Outcomes were harmonized as AI-control RDs per 1000 examinations. Random-effects pooling used Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman models. For the paired-reader design, sensitivity analyses applied a Kish effective sample-size approach across plausible within-examination correlations (ρ = 0.3-0.8). Positive predictive value (PPV) and workflow/time outcomes were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Across 597,419 examinations, the pooled CDR RD was +0.9 per 1000 (95% CI -0.0 to +1.8; I2 ≈ 12%), consistent with a modest directional increase with borderline statistical uncertainty. The pooled recall RD was -0.6 per 1000 (95% CI -3.1 to +2.1; I2 ≈ 41-43%), indicating no consistent recall increase across screening programs. Where reported, PPV was higher with AI-supported screening. Efficiency signals included 44.3% fewer total readings in MASAI and shorter reading times for AI-normal examinations in PRAIM; in PRAIM, a program-level safety-net mechanism recovered 204 cancers that would otherwise have been missed. CONCLUSION: In European population screening programs characterized by double reading and arbitration, prospective program-embedded evidence suggests that AI integration may yield a small absolute increase in cancer detection (≈1/1000) without a consistent increase in recall, alongside improved PPV and efficiency signals. These findings suggestAI primarily as a complementary reader within European screening workflows, with implementation requiring explicit quality assurance and monitoring of interval cancers and stage distribution.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Observations on the myth of "informed consent".

A series of 100 patients in a general plastic surgery population were interviewed by standard format to determine their retention rate of preoperative information given to them. An overall recall, or retention rate, of 35 percent was found.

Educational Status↗

PubMed1977

Self-reference and the encoding of personal information.

The degree to which the self is implicated in processing personal information was investigated. Subjects rated adjectives on four tasks designed to force varying kinds of encoding: structural, phonemic, semantic, and self-reference. In two experiments, incidental recall of the rated words indicated that adjectives rates under the self-reference task were recalled the best. These results indicate that self-reference is a rich and powerful encoding process. As an aspect of the human information-processing system, the self appears to function as a superordinate schema that is deeply involved in the processing, interpretation, and memory of personal information.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Genetic counseling--the postcounseling period: I. Parents' perceptions of uncertainty.

To investigate how parents who have had genetic counseling perceive the problems created by being at risk, transcripts of open-ended, semistructured follow-up interviews with 53 counselees were analyzed qualitatively. Rate information, though recalled accurately by parents considering further childbearing, was discounted as impersonal, and subjects overwhelmingly perceived the chance of recurrence in binary form -- it either will or will not happen. By processing rates this way, they simplified probabilistic information and shifted their focus to the implications of being at risk and the potential impact of that which might or might not occur. The many uncertainties they faced, the "consequences" of being at risk that parents felt had to be resolved during the decision-making process, fell into 3 major categories: uncertainty that arose because of the ambiguous impact and meaning of having an affected child; uncertainty about how to make a choice and how others would view it, the burden of decision-making; and uncertainty about their ability to fulfill their roles as parents. These issues were perceived as part of the problem to be resolved and were consolidated into "scenarios" in which the parents "tried out the worst." This analysis of counselees' perceptions of the problems created by being at genetic risk suggests that parents may process the disparate facts of their situation in common ways that emphasize their uncertainty, and it indicates that how parents perceive factual information may be more important in orienting their deliberations than what these facts (diagnosis, prognosis, risks) actually are.

Decision Making↗