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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Babinski reflex and the CUT reflex--a comparative study.

The Babinski reflex and the CUT reflex were examined in 150 neurological patients and 20 controls. A positive CUT reflex occurred more frequently than a positive Babinski reflex in the patient material as a whole, and in different diagnostic groups. However, there was a low grade of correspondence between a positive CUT reflex and a positive Babinski reflex. There were many positive CUT reflexes in the group of normal persons. In a number of cases the examination of the CUT reflex was impossible because of lack of strength or incooperability. The study indicates that the CUT reflex and the Babinski reflex are not comparable phenomena.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neurological phenomena during emergence from enflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia.

During emergence from anaesthesia, transient neurological signs that would usually be considered pathological may appear. The objective of this randomized, patient (n = 30) and observer-blinded study was to compare prospectively the incidence and duration of post-anaesthetic neurological abnormalities in healthy patients undergoing minor elective procedures following thiopentone and succinylcholine induction, and enflurane-N2O or isoflurane-N2O anaesthesia. Patients were studied for 60 min after anaesthesia. Arousal state, muscle tone, deep tendon reflexes, plantar reflex, sustained clonus, shivering, intense muscular spasticity and temperature were assessed. Results of neurological examination were correlated with the patient's state of arousal. Transient emergent neurological abnormalities occurred more frequently following enflurane-N2O anaesthesia than isoflurane N2O anaesthesia. This was statistically significant (P less than 0.05) for quadriceps hyperreflexia, upgoing toes (positive Babinski reflex) and intense muscular spasticity. Neurological abnormalities occurred most commonly 5-20 min after anaesthesia and all abnormalities resolved within 60 min. Following enflurane anaesthesia, as patients became more alert the incidence of abnormalities declined, while the arousal state did not affect the incidence of abnormalities after isoflurane. There was no significant difference between axillary temperatures of those patients who shivered and those who did not. In conclusion, temporary emergent neurological abnormalities occurred more often following enflurane-N2O than after isoflurane-N2O anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spinal cord syphilis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a treatable myelopathy.

A 33-year-old woman, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), presented with progressive weakness and numbness of the lower extremities, gait difficulties, and urinary frequency. Physical examination revealed bilateral lower extremity weakness, a left-sided Babinski reflex, and a thoracic sensory level to pinprick at T8. Serum rapid plasma reagin was 1:64, and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) was 4+. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid showed a mononuclear pleocytosis and reactive FTA-ABS. The myelopathy responded promptly to high-dose intravenous aqueous penicillin. Syphilis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient who develops a myelopathy in association with HIV-1 infection. Because of the diverse nature in which syphilis may affect the spinal cord, treatment with intravenous aqueous penicillin, 12 to 24 million units daily, for a minimum of 10 days, should be considered in any HIV-1-seropositive patient with a progressive, unexplained myelopathy and positive serologic studies for syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Evidence for changes in segmental motoneurone pools by chronic cerebellar stimulation and its clinical significance.

Electrophysiological studies in eight patients with severe motor system abnormalities are described both before and after the start of chronic electrical stimulation of the anterior cerebellum. With stimulation, at least one of following changes was found in seven of these eight patients: reversal of abdominal F amplitude ratios (flexor/extensor muscles), decreased prominence of F responses, and loss of H reflexes in at least one muscle other than the soleus. These changes indicate that cerebellar stimulation can affect the excitability of segmental motoneurone pools. Although clinical changes, particularly decrease in tone, were observed in all the patients with stimulation, the complexity of trying to relate the physiological findings to functional improvement is emphasised.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

[Acute hepatitis A (HA) presenting findings of meningoencephalitis].

A 39-year-old man, who had high grade fever and headache for 4 days was admitted to our hospital because of generalized seizure and disturbance of consciousness. He was pyrexial, but not icteric. Neurological examination revealed disorientation, nuchal rigidity and bilateral Babinski reflexes. Laboratory test results included the following: GOT 1,740 U/l, GPT 2,800 U/l, bilirubin 1.2 mg/dl, serum IgM-HA antibody cut-off index 6.8. CSF was clear, with 10 leukocytes/mm3 and protein level of 108 mg/dl. Head CT and MRI revealed no abnormality. An EEG demonstrated diffuse slowing. During the following 2 days, he had increased obtundation and labored breathing. In the second week of hospitalization his neurological conditions and liver function test results improved. A diagnosis of HA was confirmed by a finding of serum IgM-HA antibody. The neurological findings, CSF findings and clinical course indicated acute meningoencephalitis in association with HA. To our knowledge, there have been only 4 previous case reports of meningoencephalitis associated with serologically confirmed HA infection. HA virus infection might pass unnoticed, as many cases of HA infection remain anicteric or subclinical. Therefore, HA virus should also be considered as one of the etiological agents in meningoencephalitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia of the cerebrum].

The occurrence sites of intracranial primary germ cell tumors are most often the pineal and suprasellar regions. The histological type observed most frequently in these tumors is germinoma. Cases of embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia are rarely reported. To our knowledge, only 4 such cases have been previously reported in the literature. A case of an embryonal carcinoma arising in the basal ganglia is reported. A 17-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital on July 30, 1988 because of headache and vomiting, and a right hemiparesis. On admission, physical inspection showed no abnormalities and neurological examination revealed obtunded consciousness, a right central facial paresis and a right hemiparesis with Hoffman and Babinski reflexes. Noncontrast CT scan showed a large mass of low-to slightly high-density in the region of the left basal ganglia accompanied with midline shift and ventricular dilatation. Enhancement of the lesion was made by contrast CT scan. It was not homogeneous. Cerebral angiogram displayed a contralateral shift and an unrolling of the anterior cerebral artery, a lateral stretch of middle cerebral artery, a downward stretch of anterior choroidal artery and a tumor stain fed by the Heubner artery. On August 3, left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed. The tumor was totally removed in a piecemeal manner using microsurgical techniques. Histopathological diagnosis was mixed-type of germ cell tumor comprising embryonal carcinoma and teratoma. Postoperative CT scan showed complete disappearance of the tumor. A course of radiation of 4950 rads and two courses of a combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin were given within 3 months after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Tone and reflex development before term.

The evolution of tone and reflexes from 25 weeks postmenstrual age (gestational age plus chronologic age) to term in a population of 42 surviving infants is described. The infants were born in 1983 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, had birth weights less than 1300 g, were examined weekly until neonatal intensive care unit discharge, and did not develop cerebral palsy. Lower-extremity flexor tone was first detectable at 29 weeks post-menstrual age by the popliteal angle and heel to ear maneuvers. Flexor tone, recoil, and hyperreflexia were all noted 2 to 3 weeks earlier in the lower extremities (33 to 35 weeks) than in the upper extremities (35 to 37 weeks). Hip tone (35 to 37 weeks) followed knee flexor tone, but preceded shoulder tone (37 to 38 weeks). Trunk tone on ventral suspension emerged closer to term (36 to 40 weeks), and more than half of infants evaluated at term continued to demonstrate head lag when pulled to sitting position. The emergence of the primitive and pathologic reflexes reflects (both in timing and pattern) the evolution of tone: development of the reflexes in the lower extremities precedes that of those in the upper extremities, and development of the distal reflexes precedes that of the proximal. Maturation of tone, deep tendon reflexes, pathologic reflexes, and primitive reflexes occurs in an orderly, sequential manner, with a well-defined pattern: caudocephalad (lower extremities to upper extremities) and centripetal (distal to proximal).

Child Development↗
PubMed1990

Allan-Herndon syndrome. I. Clinical studies.

A large family with X-linked mental retardation, originally reported in 1944 by Allan, Herndon, and Dudley, has been reinvestigated. Twenty-nine males have been affected in seven generations. Clinical features include severe mental retardation, dysarthria, ataxia, athetoid movements, muscle hypoplasia, and spastic paraplegia with hyperreflexia, clonus, and Babinski reflexes. The facies appear elongated with normal head circumference, bitemporal narrowing, and large, simple ears. Contractures develop at both small and large joint. Statural growth is normal and macroorchidism does not occur. Longevity is not impaired. High-resolution chromosomes, serum creatine kinase, and amino acids are normal. This condition, termed the Allan-Herndon syndrome, appears distinct from other X-linked disorders having mental retardation, muscle hypoplasia, and spastic paraplegia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

[A case of spinal epidural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

Spinal epidural hematoma is a rare clinical entity, and the literature provides reports of 29 cases so far in Japan. A case of spinal epidural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosed by CT scan and MRI is reported in detail with references to the literature. A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on April 22, 1990, because of sudden onset of nuchal pain and right hemiparesis. Her consciousness was alert, but the deep tendon reflex was depressed, and pathological reflex such as Babinski's reflex was positive on the right side. Nuchal stiffness was observed. CT scan of the head revealed no abnormality, but the scan of cervical area showed an abnormal high density area in the right posterior region of the spinal cord at C2 - 3 level. MRI also revealed a low intensity area in the same region both in T1 and T2 weighted images. On admission, the platelet count was 10,000/microliters, and the bone marrow aspirate showed abundant megakaryocytes. The patient was diagnosed as having spinal epidural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient was initially treated with a corticosteroid and a hyperosmotic agent. About 15 hours after the onset, her motor function began improving. Conservative therapy was continued, and she could walk 2 weeks after the onset. Spinal epidural hematoma is an uncommon disease commencing with back and radicular pain, paraplegia and rectovesical insufficiency. Early diagnosis and surgical decompression is generally imperative, although an exceptional remission without operation such as was observed in this case may occur.

Female↗