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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Exclusion, toleration, acceptance, integration: the experience of Dutch Reformed churches with homosexuality and homosexuals in the church.

The overwhelming majority of Protestant Christians in The Netherlands are members of denominations in the Reformed tradition (i.e., protestant churches characterized by Calvinist theology and a "presbyterian" church government by elected assemblies of elders). Comparable North American denominations are the Reformed Church in America and the United Presbyterian Church, both of which are facing some degree of internal controversy over homosexuality. In The Netherlands, the four major strands of the Reformed church have taken various positions on homosexuality, ranging from absolute rejection of homosexuality in the church and society, through one denomination which found itself in the curious position of approving the ordination of homosexual clergy while barring homosexuals from the Lord's Table, to creating "life covenants" which re-evaluate heterosexual marriage while also blessing relationships between homosexuals. All call upon the same set of principles for their varied stands. The two major denominational branches, the Netherlands Reformed Church (Hervormde Kerk) and the Reformed Churches in The Netherlands (Gereformeerde Kerken) have taken different approaches to resolving the issue, the former through internal political conflict and the latter through a more authoritarian (though progressive) stand. The article traces the political, theological, and juridical history of the evolution of these positions, and suggests various potential models, and their possibilities and pitfalls, for North American Protestant churches dealing with issues surrounding homosexuality and the church.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The Reformed Church in Aduard: the oldest hospital in The Netherlands].

The present Dutch Reformed Church building in Aduard (near Groningen) is the only remnant of a large Cistercian monastery founded on June 5, 1192. Typological and archaeological investigations indicate that the church building represents originally the hospital facility for the lay brothers of the monastery, which according to the chronicle of the monastery was built in the beginning of the 14th century. This date is confirmed by the architectural style of the building and corresponds to the date of the original tiled floor which showes some sacred patterns. These findings mark this building as the earliest known hospital facility in the Netherlands, ranking among the earliest buildings of its kind in Europe.

Christianity↗
PubMed2003

Clerical frames for nursing practice: missionary nurses at Rehoboth.

This paper presents a discourse analysis of publications of the Christian Reformed Church regarding its Rehoboth Mission near Gallup, New Mexico, among the Navajo. All issues of The Banner, Acts of Synod of the Christian Reformed Church, the Rehoboth Hospital Bulletin, and the Annual Report of the Rehoboth Mission from 1880 to the present were reviewed for references to health-care at Rehoboth from 1903 to 1943. Four religiously framed discourses were identified: discourses justifying provision of health-care at the mission, discourses of the Navajos as immature and potentially dangerous, needing to be civilized, discourses of cleanliness, and discourses of calling. This paper adds to a growing body of knowledge about religious frames within which nurses have practiced in North America.

History of Nursing↗
PubMed1994

[On the centenary of József Török's death (1813-1894) a physician and scientist].

The author investigates the career of József Török (1813-1894), who was a physician, surgeon, and a lecturer in chemistry and sciences at the College of the Reformed Church at Debrecen. Török's reputation was established, nevertheless, by his famous work, the First class medical waters and spas of the two Hungarian homelands. On their natural, chemical and therapeutical power, which he finished in 1847. Török, born in a family of a reformed clergyman, was educated in Debrecen, studied medicine at the university of Pest and spent two years at the universities of Paris, Berlin and Vienna. At Paris he attended the courses of Eluard Chassaignac, at Berlin those of Schönlein and Dieffenbach and at Vienna Rokitansky, Skoda and Hebre were his professors. Though returning to Hungary he practiced as a private doctor and later lectured in dietetics, he was unable--probably owing to his Calvinist faith--to receive a full time post at the university and in 1847 accepted the invitation of the College of Debrecen to lecture in chemistry, botany and mineralogy. He took part as a head physician in legal forensic medicine, and public health. The author emphasizes that Török not only introduced chemistry into secondary school education of human anthropology but created a new curriculum of science for secondary schools as well. His enterprise was a very important innovation in Hungarian public school education. His other main contribution was his famous book on the mineral waters of Hungary, which was awarded by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1847. This balneological work detailed the spas of 19th century Hungary, and--in its second edition in 1859--gave an elaborated bibliography for such books published between 1631-1856. The work was a real breakthrough in Hungarian balneology. The author also investigates the interests of Török in the flora and fauna of the surrounding area of Debrecen, and his geological publications as well.

Balneology↗
PubMed2003

[Papal provisions for lesser benefices in the diocese of Breslau 1447-1471].

During the fifteenth century the popes were severely criticized for problems allegedly created by their provisions for benefices: prolonged law-suits, immense costs, and absenteeism of priests. Papal provisions for higher benefices, bishoprics and monasteries, were usually a political compromise. For lesser benefices, i.e. canonries or vicaries in cathedral or collegiate churches, parishes or altars in towns or villages, the background is seldom clear. Sometimes influential people at the papal curia strove to secure their livings, sometimes local princes, lords or towns provided their servants with incomes, sometimes ambitious clerics sought papal protection against local rivals. The extent to which the papacy was involved in appointments to lesser benefices varied throughout Europe and can only be studied in the regional archives. For the diocese of Breslau this has not been done so far, but the Repertorium Germanicum published by the German Historical Institute in Rome provides the data extant in the papal registers and account-books. The present study sums up these sources from the accession of Nicholas V in 1447 to the death of Paul II in 1471, a period, during which Silesia and especially its capital Breslau held close contact with Rome in order to fight the heretic Bohemian king George of Podiebrad. Nevertheless, the proportions of papal involvement in appointments for lesser benefices in the dioceses were apparently small. The cathedral of St John at Breslau had to admit papal exspectanices and provisions. But only half of the collegiate churches in Silesia were affected to some degree, especially Holy Cross at Breslau and St Mary at Grob-Glogau. Very few important town parishes were concerned, for example St Mary Magdalene at Breslau, the parishes at Neisse and at Neumarkt. It is not possible to say how many papal provisions were successful; those that were usually favoured men with influential friends in Silesia. If Rome introduced foreigners at all, they came from neighbouring courts (Habsburg, Poland, Brandenburg). Many clerics who sought papal provisions had studied at universities (including three doctors of medicine). ALthough provisions by papal legates in Breslau, whose registers are lost, may slightly alter the picture, it is clear that in general the papacy was not an important factor for the appointment to lesser benefices in late medieval Silesia, despite an impressive number of papal documents concerning Silesia and despite some spectacular cases (e.g. Paul Stange von Legendorf, later bishop of Ermland, and his nephew Adam Stange von Pfeildorf). The local authorities themselves were responsible for obvious deficiencies of the pre-Reformation church owing to bad training of clerics or the accumulation of benefices which led to the installation of badly paid vicars.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1996

Circulation of poliovirus during the poliomyelitis outbreak in The Netherlands in 1992-1993.

A population-based study on the circulation of epidemic poliovirus during 1992-1993 outbreak in the Netherlands was carried out in order to assess whether the virus circulated outside the group of people who reject vaccinations on religious grounds and outside the area where these groups form sociodemographically closely knit network. The prevalence of poliovirus excretion was estimated in a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,400 children aged 5-14 years and 3,000 adults age 40-64 years; the sample was drawn from the municipal population registers in four regions (three inside and one outside the risk area). Fecal samples of virus isolation and characterization were submitted by mail, and a questionnaire was completed with age, sex, type and level of education, vaccination history, and religious denomination. Both a completed questionnaire and a fecal sample were received from 3,182 persons (response, 58.9%). Wild poliovirus was isolated only from children within the risk group and in the area at risk. The crude excretion rate of the epidemic poliovirus type 3 per 1,000 persons was 2.5, but it amounted to 70.7 for those belonging to Orthodox Reformed churches. The prevalence of vaccine virus excretion per 1,000 persons was 10.2 for children and 5.2 for adults. It was concluded that, during the 1992-1993 outbreak, the risk of poliovirus was restricted to religious subpopulations rejecting vaccination. The lack of evidence of poliovirus circulation outside these groups at risk supports the hypothesis that herd immunity is sufficiently maintained in a population vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The life history of Alexander Numan (1780-1852) during his time in Groningen].

Until the time Numan took on his professorship at the newly established Veterinary School in Utrecht in 1822, he had lived in the Province of Groningen. In order to understand why the minister of Public Education appointed a village doctor from the north of the country as professor for the practice of veteriary medicine, and after some years as director of the school, it was felt essential to investigate his earlier life period. The main sources used are two obituaries, resp. written by his son who was a professor of Law at Groningen University, and by his friend prof. Willem Vrolik who was the secretary of the Academy of Science, supplemented by family histories and some archival research. After a short description of his descent, youth adn education follows the main part devoted to his writings, his medical practice and membership of the Provincial Medical Commission and the Commission for Agriculture. In an appendix some genealogical data are presented on the family of his wife and their children. Alexander lost his father, who was a minister of the Reformed Church, when he was ten years old. He received his education in the circle of family members. A brother of his father, also a minister, teached him Greek and Latin. After this uncle had left the province, he lived in the home of another minister who teached him the modern languages. As this man was involved in politics of the Baravian Republic, young Alexander was exposed to many discussions on the polity of the State. After his mother had remarried with a medical doctor, this man, and also his brother who had a medical practice in another part of the province, complemented the education with an introduction in the sciences. Experiences in their dispensaries, where some knowledge of botany and chemistry could be obtained, and discussions when accompanying them on their visits to patients, were decisive in the choice of his profession. Only at the age of twenty he entered the Medical Faculty of Groningen University. Thanks to the elaborate preparatory studies, he was able to finish in three years. In 1804 he defended his thesis on a pharmaceutical subject. Immediately afterwards he set up practice in a village nearby the town of Groningen. He married two years later Catharina Dorothea Star Lichtenvoort, daughter of a wealthy lawyer. They had two children, a son born in 1807, and a daughter, born in 1808. Alexander built a flourishing medical and obstetrical practice, extending over a very large area, he teached apprentices in his dispensary, translated articles and a book by C.W. Hufeland and published case histories from his own practice. Several lectures given at local scientific societies were published. One deal with his thoughts on and experiences with animal magnetism, a topic very much en vogue in those days, especially in the Groningen Medical Faculty. In 1812 his translation of Allenmeines Viehazneibuch by J.N. Rohlwes was published, showing his interest in veterinary matters. As a book appeared not to be satisfatory enough for the needs of the Dutch farmers, he was invited by the board fo the 'Society for Public Welfare' (Maatschappij tot Nut van het Algemeen) to write an adapted version. This handbook (first ed. 1819) would receive many editions throughout the 19th century. This book together with his capacities as a teacher, his broad interests in medical and agricultural affairs, great scientific curiosity and appreciation by colleagues met in the several commissions made him an obvious candidate for the new post in Utrecht. Although he felt it difficult to leave his beloved homeland and terminate his practice, he felt great pride in accepting the post that would give him the opportunity to found a new discipline in his country. To be useful to society was one of the great motives of his life.

Education, Veterinary↗
PubMed1996

The Catholic church and U.S. health care reform.

The Catholic Church is the largest (and arguably the best organized) single denomination in the United States, and it has extensive holdings in the health care field. It therefore has a material stake in the current debate over health care reform, as well as a moral interest in a question touching on the ethics of resource distribution. The position of the church on health care is analyzed as a case study of how organized religion interacts with and attempts to influence social policy in a pluralistic society.

Capitalism↗
PubMed2003

The sorbonnic trots: staging the intestinal distress of the roman catholic church in French Reform Theater.

This essay surveys the use of the metaphors of illness, specifically those of constipation and diarrhea, in vernacular French Evangelical and Calvinist polemical theater of the 1520s and 30s (Berquin, Malingre, Marguerite d' Angoulême) through the 1560s (Badius). It considers the relatively frequent reference to staging of diagnosis, treatment, and cure in the context of contemporary medical belief and practice, and observes a shift in emphasis from optimistic prognosis and successful therapy of the earlier Evangelical period to negative pronouncement of imminent (and deserved) death in the later calvinist or Huguenot period at the start of the Wars of Religion.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2005

Embodiment, nursing practice, and religious faith: a perspective from one tradition.

Using a descriptive sketch of embodiment as experienced in the nursing encounter in an acute care setting, this paper examines aspects of the embodied encounter using the resources of the Christian, Reformed tradition. Offering or receiving nursing care has a spiritual dimension, and recognition of this allows care to be sensitive to and respectful of this dimension of human embodied experience. The encounter can be understood and lived out as (partially) sacramental, and understanding the sacramental quality of the the health care encounter allows both nurse and client to offer and accept dependency without a loss of dignity or humanity.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Not without hope: a Reformed analysis of sickness and sin.

A Reformed understanding of sickness requires that connections be drawn between the structural effects of sin and the ways that sickness is experienced in people's lives. Such an understanding can be an important resource for the bioethicist, both the bioethicist who speaks from the Reformed tradition and the bioethicist who speaks to patients and caregivers who may assume that sin and sickness are connected, but may understand that linkage in overly simplistic ways.

Attitude to Death↗