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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Relationship between repression-sensitization and word frequency estimates for pleasant and unpleasant words.

College students (45 females and 12 males) estimated the frequency of pleasant and unpleasant English words. 28 subjects estimated how often they, personally, had seen the words (Personal condition), and 29 subjects estimated how often a "language expert" had encountered the words (Kucera-Francis condition). Byrne's Repression-Sensitization scores were obtained for all subjects. In both conditions repressors judged pleasant words to be more frequent, and sensitizers judged unpleasant words to be more frequent (p less than .01). The results may clarify some contradictions in the literature on frequency estimation and may help to explain the relationship between repression-sensitization and perceptual defense/vigilance.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Affiliation before and after child delivery as a function of repression-sensitization.

A group of 177 women were asked, before and after child delivery, to state their preference for being alone or with other women. They were also asked to rank their level of anxiety. After delivery they filled out the Repression-Sensitization Scale of Byrne, Barry & Nelson (1963). Results show sensitizers to be more anxious than repressors before but not after delivery. Before delivery repressors preferred to be alone, while sensitizers wanted to stay with others. After delivery both groups show a significant preference for being with others. There is no significant correlation between anxiety and affiliation.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Conjugate lateral eye movements of "repressors" and "sensitizers" under threat and non-threat conditions.

Investigated the relationship between repression-sensitization and conjugate lateral eye movement (CLEM) tendencies under ego-threat and control conditions. Fifty-one right-handed college males were separated into repressors, sensitizers, or a middle group and were interviewed under a condition intended to produce ego-threat or a neutral condition. Bland and mildly intimate questions were asked of all Ss. Contrary to expectation, repression-sensitization and threat condition were unrelated to eye movement direction. A significant increase in left eye movement was found in response to mildly intimate questions, compared to neutral questions. Results are discussed with reference to earlier research on CLEM and to the cerebral hemispheric dominance theory of the effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Perception of hostility in the TAT as a function of defensive style.

Groups of male and female students with high, intermediate, and low scores on Byrne's Scale of Repression-Sensitization judged the amount of hostility and the darkness of 10 TAT cards, including the blank. The groups' judgments for each card were expressed in terms of the statistic E, a non-parametric index of discriminability derived on the basis of the theory of signal detection. Subjects with low scores on the scale showed significantly lower E values for hostility (p less than .05), but not for darkness, than the other two groups. It was concluded that differences in sensitivity to affective stimulation underlie the dimension of Repression-Sensitization.

Darkness↗
PubMed1978

Coping effectiveness and dreams as a function of personality and dream recall.

Investigated the proposition that effectiveness of coping with daytime and dream stress would be influenced by personality style, as defined by the Repression-Sensitization scale (R-S), and by dreaming style, as defined by frequent (F) or infrequent (I) questionnaire dream recall. The relationship between R-S and F-I dream recall also was explored. Ss kept dream diaries for 30 consecutive days. Sensitizers, who were I recallers, had very low daytime self-confidence scores. Repressors had more positive Dream Coping Scores than Sensitizers, and F recallers had more positive Dream Coping Scores than I recallers. Repressors had a positive morning mood, regardless of whether the ending of their dream was positive or negative. The morning mood of Sensitizers, particularly the I recallers, was dependent on the pleasantness-unpleasantness of the dream ending. R-S and F-I questionnaire dream recall had a low positive correlation; no relationship was found between R-S and F-I dream diary recall.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Personaltiy correlates of the joy of life.

Hypothesized that greater diversity of joy and more intense levels of joy would be associated with low hopelessness, high sensation seeking the perception of the world as just, and high sensitization as compared with high repression. It also was predicted that female Ss would score higher in sources of joy and in intensity as compared to males. One hundred and thirty-four college students were administered the Joy of Life Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale, Just World Scale, and Revised Repression-Sensitization Scale. The hypothesis was supported for sensation seeking in that High Sensation Seekers assigned significantly (p less than .05) higher mean intensity ratings to experiences that produced joy of life, than did Low Sensation Seekers. Contrary to expectation, there was a nonsignificant trend for sensitizers, when compared with repressors, to select fewer joy-related experiences and to evaluate these experiences as less joyful. The experiences that most often led to high levels of joy were those referrable to positive emotional events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Reactive schizophrenia and perceptual sensitization.

The perceptual behavior of process and reactive schizophrenics under neutral and stress conditions suggests an hypothesis that the former employ a repressive ego defensive mode in these conditions while reactives employ a sensitization mode. The Repression-Sensitization scale of the MMPI was administered to a sample of hospitalized process and reactive schizophrenics to test the hypothesis. Scores of the process group did not indicate modal repression. Reactives' scores were, however, well toward the sensitization pole and significantly higher than those of the process group. Results support the concept of a sensitization defensive mode as a characteristic dimension in the etiology of reactive schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Stability of perceived tension as a function of the menstrual cycle.

The stability of tension judgments among males and females who were either taking or not taking combination low-progestin oral contraceptive pills was investigated. Judgments of interpersonal pressure in videotaped vignettes provided tension measures. The vignettes were presented in two sessions separated by two weeks. Correlations between pressure judgments of .94 for males, .79 for pill females and .40 for non-pill females (all sig less than .002) supported the prediction that non-pill females experience the largest fluctuations in tension across the menstrual cycle. A significant number of non-pill females who changed their scores and who changed from midcycle to premenstrual-menstrual phases or vice versa between the two experimental sessions shifted their tension scores in the predicted direction (p less than .04). As predicted, non-pill females scoring in the lower half on premenstrual-menstrual symptomatology were more consistent in pressure judgments than those high on symptomatology, with correlations of .51 (sig less than .004) and .24 (NS) respectively. Analysis of pressure judgments as a function of menstrual phase and high-low symptomatology indicated a main effect for symptomatology (sig less than .01) with the high group perceiving more pressure. Lack of a main effect for menstrual phase was attributed to large individual variations in tension scores. Results were interpreted as indicating physiological causality underlying the variability in tension across the menstrual cycle. Substituting the Repression-Sensitization dimension for symptomatology yielded no significant results which could lead to a psychological interpretation of such variability.

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined↗
PubMed1979

The interrelationship between self-image disparity and social competence, defensive style, and adjustment status.

Groups of 40 psychiatric and 40 nonpsychiatric male patients were subdivided into equal groups of high and low social competence. Each patient completed a task battery which included three measures of self-image disparity and the Byrne repression-sensitization scale. High competence patients of both types were found to have higher self-image disparities than low competence patients. Psychiatric patients were found to have higher disparity scores than nonpsychiatric patients, although some evidence indicated that this was true only for the low competence groups. Higher scores on the Byrne scale (indicating sensitization) were found for high as compared to low competence patients, and for the psychiatric as compared to nonpsychiatric groups. Defensive style correlated significantly with each of the self-image measures. The results were discussed in the context of both developmental and Rogerian formulations. It was concluded that an individual's maturational level influences both self-image and defensive style, even when the individual is judged psychologically maladjusted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Dimensionality of the repression sensitization scale.

Study of the internal structure of the R-S Scale failed to support a finding of unidimensionality or bipolarity, as theory suggests. A factor analysis of the item matrix revealed a poorly defined multifactor structure that contained five relatively weak unipolar factors (N = 200). Guttman's Reproducibility and the Kuder-Richardson Coefficient adjusted for test length similarly failed to support the presence of a unifactor structure. The relatively high Coefficient of Dimensionality was rejected as evidence of unidimensionality given the uncertainty over what psychometric properties this index reflects. The high proportion of S-item interaction variance showed considerable equivocal item content, which suggested marked error factors due to Ss' idiosyncratic interpretation of items.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1979

Motivational variables and the sensitization and habituation of aggression in the convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum).

Four experiments using territorial Convict Cichlids investigated motivational factors involved in the incremental and decremental processes associated with aggression resulting from exposure to conspecifics intruded into the territory. The first three experiments varied some single aspect of the experimental situation (temperature, distance from the nest or size of the intruder). The fourth experiment combined those factors which resulted in faster habituation (small intruder, far from the nest, in cool water) and compared the response to factors which resulted in slower habituation or an increase in response rate (large intruder, close to the nest in warm water). While a combination of higher intensity stimuli did result in slower habituation than the combination of lower intensity stimuli, response rate was not a simple algebraic summation of the factors. Results are discussed in relation to multi-factor theory of habituation and the nature of "drive".

Aggression↗
PubMed1977

Neuroticism and dreaming sleep: a case for interactionism in personality research.

The value of a trait approach to sleep and dreaming characteristics is evaluated by reviewing recent research on differential patterns and interactions manifest by high and low neuroticism subjects. Differential patterning of dream content and REM sleep characteristics under positive and negative presleep conditions suggest a qualitative difference in experience and behavior, and a quantitative difference in "importance" attributable to the dreaming sleep process. It is hypothesized that, under "normal" conditions, low neuroticism individuals make more exclusive use of the dreaming period, while under "artificial" conditions, they demonstrate a greater motivation to compensate for restricted REM by intensification of the REM process (shortened REM onset latencies, greater REM rebound, intensified dream experiences). Finally, it is suggested that theories of dreaming sleep should recognize the importance of traits, as well as situational factors to the psychology of dreaming sleep.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

Arousal response predictions derived from ego psychology.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction from ego psychology that excessive stress leads to either a struggling or distancing response. Male subjects, preselected on the R-S scale, were exposed to an explicit pornographic movie in the presence of a female confederate. Skin conductance levels, self-report data, and a work association test with double entendre words were the dependent measures. The results indicated that subjects struggle rather than distance themselves when confronted with apparently stressful stimuli.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Simple, effective treatment of agoraphobia.

For effective treatment of agoraphobia both patient and therapist must understand the mechanisms of sensitization and self-desensitization. Rather than aiming to adapt to difficult situations, to achieve desensitization by suggestions, or to avoid panic, the agoraphobe must learn to pass through panic and to rid oneself of drug dependency. This method of self-desensitization will, as a rule, achieve results quickly and does not necessarily depend upon finding the cause of the original sensitization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗