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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Possibilities with today's reproductive technologies.

Reproductive efficiency is critical to economic viability for cow/calf producers; however, very few producers take advantage of available reproductive technologies that can increase profitability. Today, more opportunities are available for producers who want to capture value from known genetics. Through the use of artificial insemination (AI), the average producer has access to a wide range of high-accuracy sires that can be selected to match production goals. Systems to synchronize estrus and ovulation can now produce pregnancy rates to a single fixed-timed AI that are 10-15% greater than those of the previous generation. Increased age and weight of calves at weaning is sufficient in some situations to pay for the cost of synchronization and AI. As a result of synchronization, more cows calve early the next year and in subsequent years of synchronization. The breeding season can be shortened without reducing end-of-season pregnancy rates, since synchronized cows have one more chance to conceive than unsynchronized cows in a 22-25 day interval. Cow nutrition can be more economically and precisely managed with a shorter breeding period. Producers that establish AI programs now will be prepared to take advantage of newly identified superior genetics or other technologies, e.g. sexed semen, when they become available. Trends towards more value-based marketing and improvements in pregnancy rates from synchronization systems, make this a key time to be aware of the possibilities using reproductive technologies.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Safety issues in assisted reproduction technology: the children of assisted reproduction confront the responsible conduct of assisted reproductive technologies.

Neurological sequelae and multiple birth defects have been observed in children conceived by IVF and ICSI. Multiple pregnancy is the most important risk factor. These health problems challenge the responsible practice of medicine. The core values of medicine and the deontology of the profession have been reviewed to define the responsible conduct of research and clinical practice. Professional associations have proposed guidelines to reduce health problems in assisted reproductive technology. Although these health problems could have been prevented, this response by the medical community is nonetheless an important step towards improving responsible medical practices that have become questionable over the years. Professional associations must find out means, not only to implement their guidelines, but also to prevent the recurrence of such episodes in the history of medicine.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1995

Public and private regulation of reproductive technologies.

Human reproduction is interrelated with privacy. However, in most countries where new reproductive technologies are used public regulations have been passed to provide a legal framework for such technologies. This interference in private life can be justified by the need to control medical intervention in the human reproductive process. But in order to find a balance between public regulations and other social regulations, this article analyses the impact private regulation may have on issues raised by reproductive technologies. It also addresses the issue of the influence of private bodies on the drafting of public regulations.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2006

Perspectives: the possible influence of assisted reproductive technologies on transgenerational reproductive effects of environmental endocrine disruptors.

Demasculinization by environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is observed in many animal species but less evident in humans. Rodent studies with gestational exposure to either the fungicide vinclozolin or the insecticide methoxychlor demonstrate impaired male fertility with abnormal DNA methylation patterns in spermatozoa. Once established, these epigenetic changes may be permanent and thus paternally passed to subsequent generations. Conclusive evidence of a similar phenomenon in humans has not been established, but several observations bring up the possibility. Some, but not all, studies show an increase in male genital abnormalities after prenatal EDC exposure. Other studies demonstrate sperm abnormalities in males with EDC contact, although it is unclear as to whether this is due to prenatal or postnatal exposure. Although not examined in males with EDC exposure, one study shows gamete DNA methylation abnormalities in males with severe oligospermia. A subsequent study failed to corroborate these findings. The use of assisted reproductive techniques including intracytoplasmic sperm injection has removed natural selection barriers thus enabling reproduction in males that would otherwise be sterile. This review explores the hypothesis that prenatal EDC exposure results in transgenerational male reproductive abnormalities propagated by the use of assisted reproductive technologies.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1996 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1996. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically using the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1996. Data were collected after November 1997 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Procedural outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 65,863 cycles of ART treatment, including frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these. 44,647 cycles initiated were in vitro fertilization (IVF) (with and without micromanipulation) with 26.0% deliveries per retrieval; 2,879 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) with 29.0% deliveries per retrieval; 1,200 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) with 30.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1996, 9,610 frozen embryo transfer procedures were initiated with 16.8% deliveries per transfer, 3,768 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 39.1% deliveries per transfer, 1,096 cryopreserved embryo transfers from donated oocytes procedures with an overall success of 20.8% deliveries per transfer, and 688 ART treatment cycles using a host uterus were initiated with an overall success of 31.3% deliveries per embryo transfer. Also, 1,341 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 19 cycles as research, 311 as embryo banking, and 304 as other (unclassified) cycle types. As a result of all procedures, a total of 14,702 deliveries were reported resulting in 21,196 neonates. CONCLUSION(S): In 1996, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (11.3%) increase in reported cycles. In comparable cycle types, overall average success rates (deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 3.5% (this is an increase of 15.8% when compared to the success rate for 1995).

Female↗
PubMed2000

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1997 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1997. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically by using Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and were submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): 335 programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1997. Data were collated after November 1998 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and structural and functional abnormalities. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 73,069 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 51,344 cycles involved IVF (with and without micromanipulation), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 27.9%; 1,943 were cycles of GIFT, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 30.0%; and 1,104 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 28.0%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 4,616 donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 40.0%; 10,181 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 18.8%; 1,584 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes, with a delivery rate per transfer of 22.2%; and 600 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 34.6%. Furthermore, 1,173 cycles were reported as combinations or more than one treatment type, 40 cycles as research, 258 as embryo banking, and 226 as other (unclassified) cycle types. As a result of all procedures, 17,311 deliveries resulting in 25,059 babies were reported. CONCLUSION(S): In 1997, more programs reported ART treatment and the number of reported cycles increased significantly (10.9%) compared with 1996. In comparable cycle types, the overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) increased by 1.8%, which represents an increase of 6.9% compared with the success rate for 1996.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1995 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States and Canada in 1995. DESIGN: Data were collected in the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database program and cycle reporting forms and were submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Two hundred eighty-one programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1995. Data were collected after November 1996 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Procedural outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 59,142 cycles of ART treatment, including frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 41,087 cycles initiated were IVF (with and without micromanipulation) with 22.5% deliveries per retrieval; 3,741 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer with 27.0% deliveries per retrieval; 1,078 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 27.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1995, 8,453 frozen embryo thaw procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with other ART procedures with 15.2% deliveries per transfer, 3,555 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 36.0% deliveries per transfer, 1,028 cryopreserved embryo thaw procedures from donated oocyte procedures with an overall success of 16.8% deliveries per transfer, and 200 ART treatment cycles in which a host uterus was used were initiated with an overall success of 34.9% deliveries per ET. As a result of all procedures, a total of 11,631 deliveries were reported, resulting in 16,520 neonates. CONCLUSION(S): In 1995, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (19.3%) increase in reported cycles. In comparable cycle types, overall average success rates (deliveries per transfer) exhibited a 0.6% increase or a 2.5% increase over the rates in the 1994 reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1994 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1994. DESIGN: Data were collected on the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Database program and submitted to KMPG Peat Marwick, who served as the 1994 collection center for the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Two hundred forty-nine programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1994. Data were collected after October 1995 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiations of 39,390 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 33,700 cycles initiated were IVF (standard, with micromanipulation, and for host uterus transfer) with 20.7% deliveries per retrieval; 4,214 were cycles of GIFT with 28.4% deliveries per retrieval; 926 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 29.1% deliveries per retrieval; and 550 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 29.7% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1994, 7,046 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure with 15.4% deliveries per procedure, and 3,119 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 46.8% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 9,573 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSION(S): In 1994, there were fewer programs reporting a similar number of treatment cycles of ART as in 1993. Overall average success rates (deliveries per procedures) exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1991 results from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology generated from the American Fertility Society Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1991. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology generated from The American Fertility Society central registry. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifteen programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1991. Data were collected in October of 1992 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULTS: In 1991, programs reported initiation of 33,001 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 24,671 cycles initiated were IVF with 15.2% deliveries per retrieval, 5,452 were cycles of GIFT with 26.6% deliveries per retrieval, and 2,104 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 19.7% deliveries per retrieval, and 714 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 19.3% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1991, 4,838 frozen embryo procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure with 11.1% deliveries per procedure, and 1,107 donor oocyte or surrogacy cycles were initiated with an overall success of 25.6% deliveries per retrieval. From all of these procedures, a total of 5,699 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In 1991, there were more programs offering more treatment cycles of ART. Average success rates for most ART procedures exhibited a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1993 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1993. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred sixty-seven programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1993. Data were collected in October 1994 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULTS: Programs reported initiations of 41,209 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 33,543 cycles initiated were IVF (standard, with micromanipulation, and for host uterus transfer) with 18.3% deliveries per retrieval; 4,992 were cycles of GIFT with 28.1% deliveries per retrieval; 1,792 were cycles of ZIFT with 24.4% deliveries per retrieval; and 882 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 27.8% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1993, 6,869 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure with 13.3% deliveries per procedure, and 2,766 donor oocyte cycles were initiated with an overall success of 30.2% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 8,741 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In 1993, there were more programs offering more treatment cycles of ART. Overall average success rates (deliveries per procedures) exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1992 results generated from the American Fertility Society/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1992. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to The American Fertility Society/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-nine programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1992. Data were collected in October 1993 so that outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, and congenital abnormality. RESULTS: Programs reported initiations of 37,955 cycles of ART treatment, excluding frozen embryo and donor oocyte cycles. Of these, 29,404 cycles initiated were IVF with 16.8% deliveries per retrieval, 5,767 were cycles of GIFT with 26.3% deliveries per retrieval, 1,993 cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with 22.8% deliveries per retrieval, and 791 were combination cycles, combining IVF and one of the tubal transfer techniques, resulting in 27.9% deliveries per retrieval. In addition to these cycles initiated in 1992, 5,814 frozen ET procedures were reported, either as separate procedures or in combination with another ART procedure, with 13.9% deliveries per procedure, and 2,032 donor oocyte or surrogacy cycles were initiated with an overall success of 31.3% deliveries per retrieval. As a result of all procedures, a total of 7,355 deliveries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In 1992, there were more programs offering more treatment cycles of ART. Average success rates exhibited only a small increase compared with previously reported summaries.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 2000 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of ART initiated in the United States in 2000. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically using the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/ Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred eighty-three programs submitted data on procedures performed in 2000. Data were collated after November 2000 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. RESULT(S): Programs reported initiating 99,989 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 73,406 cycles involved fresh nondonor IVF (46.6% with intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%; 549 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 24.7%; 763 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 7,581 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 43.7%; 13,083 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 20.4%; 2,721 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.5%, and 1,200 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 35.8%. In addition, 326 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 41 cycles as research, and 319 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 25,394 deliveries were reported, resulting in 35,345 neonates, of which 35,031 were live born and 314 stillborn. CONCLUSION(S): In 2000, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (13.5%) increase in reported cycles compared to 1999. In comparable cycle types, overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 0.6%, which represents an increase of 2.2% when compared to the success rate for 1999.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed2002

Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1998 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of ART initiated in the United States in 1998. DESIGN: Data were collected electronically by using the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System software and submitted to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. PARTICIPANT(S): Three hundred and sixty programs submitted data on procedures performed in 1998. Data were collated after November 1999 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. RESULTS: Programs reported initiating 81,899 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 58,937 cycles involved IVF (with and without micromanipulation), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.1%; 1,293 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 27.4%; 1,054 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.6%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 5,273 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 41.2%; 11,228 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 19.3%; 1,913 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.5%, and 809 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 31.6%. In addition, 969 cycles were reported as combinations or more than one treatment type, 25 cycles as research, and 398 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 20,241 deliveries were reported, resulting in 29,128 neonates. CONCLUSIONS: In 1998, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (12.1%) increase in reported cycles compared with 1997. In comparable cycle types, the actual increase in overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) was 1.4%, which represents an increase of 4.7% compared with the success rate in 1997.

Adult↗