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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Role of the virus of Aujeszky's disease in respiratory diseases of swine].

Studies carried out on pig-breeding farms have established the presence of Aujeszky's disease virus in cases of bronchopneumonia in pigs. On seven out of eight farms with bronchopneumonia the virus wad demonstrated both virologically and serologically, and nearly 50 per cent of the examined diseased pigs on these and other farms had antibodies. The individual serologic studies of pigs having antibodies revealed that the antibodies appeared in the second month of the animals' fattening. This corresponded to the manifestation of the initial symptoms of bronchopneumonia in the respective group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2025

Molecular profiling of exhaled breath condensate in respiratory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory disorders, , continue to pose a major global health burden. Their complexity and heterogeneity challenge accurate diagnosis, effective monitoring, and therapeutic decision-making. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides a reliable, non-invasive means of sampling the molecular environment of the airways. AIM: This review presents the state-of-the-art in EBC-based omics approaches-particularly metabolomics and proteomics-to characterize molecular signatures associated with chronic respiratory (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rhinitis) and infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19). RESULTS: We critically examine findings from studies applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and sensor-based technologies to analyze EBC across various respiratory conditions. NMR, valued for its reproducibility and minimal sample preparation, consistently discriminates among disease phenotypes, identifies distinct metabotypes, and monitors treatment response over time. MS-based approaches afford enhanced sensitivity and specificity, enabling detailed profiling of inflammatory mediators, such as lipid-derived eicosanoids and amino acid derivatives. Proteomic studies reveal protein-level alterations associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling. In COVID-19 and long COVID, metabolomic and volatile compound profiling distinguishes affected individuals from healthy controls suggesting clinical potential. However, inconsistent sample processing and lack of analytical standardization remain limiting factors. CONCLUSIONS: EBC profiling shows clear promise for improving diagnosis, monitoring, and stratification in respiratory medicine. Yet, translation into clinical practice is hindered by limited standardization and validation. Broader, longitudinal studies will be essential to establish robust molecular signatures across disease states. This review underscores the timely need to implement breathomics investigations to gain mechanistic insight into the underlying biology of respiratory diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Infectious causes of equine respiratory disease on Ontario standardbred racetracks.

Upper respiratory disease has been a serious problem in Standardbred horses on racetracks in Ontario, with outbreaks occurring once or twice annually in late winter and early spring seasons. To determine the causes of these epidemics, a 3-year investigation was carried out in which nasal swabs and serum samples were obtained at intervals from apparently healthy horses and from horses suffering from upper respiratory disease. The nasal swabs were used to isolate bacteria and viruses. The serum samples were examined for the presence and level of antibodies to equine influenza viruses and equine herpesvirus 1. None of the bacteria isolated were associated with the outbreaks of disease. Equine herpesvirus 2 was isolated 72 times from both diseased and apparently healthy horses. Equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated 10 times from horses with respiratory disease, both during and between epidemics. Influenza equine/1 virus was isolated seven times and influenza equine/2 was isolated once during severe outbreaks of upper respiratory disease. Serological evidence confirmed that influenza viruses were the causes of the major epidemics, with the equine/1 strain being involved most often.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Participation of Aujeszky's disease virus in the respiratory diseases of swine].

Clinical, virologic and seroligic investigations on vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs fattened on two farms with a record of a stationary Aujeszky's disease infection were carried out. Aujeszky's virus was isolated from the lungs of all pigs and partially of other viscera of some of the animals. The serologic studies revealed the dynamics of the antibody titer reise which spoke of the development of an infectious process. The clinical signs observed along with the morphologic changes characteristic of pneumonia, coupled with the advancement of the Aujeszky's disease infection demonstrated that on stationary fattening pig farms Aujeszky's disease assumed the course of a respiratory affection. The discripancy between the results obtained with vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, which were negligible on one of the farms and considerable on the other, was due to variations in the intensity of the infection as well as to the level of passive immunity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of acute respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkeys.

Clinical signs of acute respiratory disease of turkeys were transmitted to susceptible day-old poults by direct contact, litter contact, and drinking water. Attempts failed to transmit the disease by air (cage-to-cage) or by oral and nasal inoculation with feces, nasal exudates, or nasal turbinate extracts. The disease was not transmitted by inoculation with white blood cells. Chicks were not affected by the disease, but young quail developed signs of respiratory disease when exposed to contaminated drinking water. Thus, acute respiratory disease in turkeys appears to be of an infectious nature, and the infectious agent(s) probably exist in the heavily contaminated environment used to house young commercial turkey poults.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The importance of picornavirus infections in respiratory disease of man and other mammals.

Picornaviruses may be divided, by physicochemical properties, into enteroviruses, cardioviruses, caliciviruses, rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth diseases viruses. Although the respiratory tract may be the primary site of entry and multiplication for enteroviruses, cardioviruses and FMD viruses, few agents in these groups cause respiratory disease. A notable exception is coxsackievirus A21 which is an important cause of upper respiratory tract diseases in military recruits. The picornaviruses which most frequently cause respiratory illness are rhinoviruses and caliciviruses. There are over one hundred rhinovirus serotypes which infect man and they have been isolated from up to 50 percent of cases of mild respiratory illness, from 1-2 percent of healthy adults and from 5-10 percent of healthy children. About 10 percent of rhinovirus infections in adults are symptomless. The two bovine serotypes of rhinovirus and the two equine serotypes frequently infect cattle and horses respectively but seldom cause disease. Numerous calicivirus serotypes have been found in 17 percent of cats with respiratory disease and in 19 percent of clinically normal cats. However, experimental inoculation with caliciviruses has confirmed their causative role in respiratory disease of cats. The high rate of virus isolation from normal cats is probably due to their ability to carry virus in an infectious form for up to two years after initial infection and illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Indices of tuberculosis and nonspecific respiratory diseases a contribution to the surveillance of these diseases (author's transl)].

The epidemiology of tuberculosis and nonspecific respiratory diseases in GDR is reviewed. For tuberculosis an exact survey on its development in the course of the last 30 years is possible by reason of compulsory registration. The program of tuberculosis control has been pushed on consequently from the very beginning; all indices of tuberculosis epidemiology (annual infection rate, incidence and prevalence of morbidity, mortality) have favourably developed. Till 1982 tuberculosis is expected to be eliminated as a special problem of public health in GDR. The assessment and statistic evaluation of the nonspecific respiratory diseases is much more difficult. There is no compulsory registration or notification; acute respiratory diseases are very common; the chronic pulmonary diseases clinically and prognostically important are insufficiently defined and, therefore, patients can be delimited only badly from the by far greater number of persons with chronic cough and sputum defined on the base of epidemiological aspects. The informative significance of secondary statistics (temporary disabelement, dismissals from hospital, invalidity- social parameters) is analyzed regarding their value for an evaluation of these diseases. Acute respiratory diseases have serious consequences on the sickness absence rate due to the percentage of case and duration of absenteeism (20--35% of all cases) of the considerable portion of hospital dismissals. In periods of epidemics disablement is still by far higher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Live and killed virus vaccines: their use against the respiratory diseases of cattle.

The respiratory diseases of cattle are due to a combination of different factors among which figures a viral infection. The antiviral vaccination, perfectly possible owing to associated killed vaccines and live virus, is thus a very important element which must enter into every general plan of prophylaxis. Moreover, these plans will concern bacterial infections, conditions of rearing, etc. We have demonstrated that it is possible to produce good immunity in calves and sheep using a trivalent killed vaccine (parainfluenza 3, adenovirus 3 and reovirus 1). Possible interference with antibodies of maternal origin makes the multiplication of vaccine injections desirable.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1979

Mortality and autopsy rate for respiratory diseases in Finland in 1955--1973.

Mortality from respiratory diseases in Finland in 1955--1973 was investigated using the official statistics and original death certificates. Total mortality from respiratory diseases in men was significantly higher than in women. Total respiratory mortality in men has increased slightly since 1963, whereas in women it decreased between 1955 and 1963 but has since remained almost constant. Mortality from lung cancer increased in men constantly in the years 1955--1973, but this was not found in women. Mortality from obstructive lung diseases in men increased slightly between 1955 and 1969 but not since. This increase was recorded only for the elderly whereas the opposite trend was found in younger people. The number of deaths from pneumonia decreased between 1955 and 1963. After 1963 these deaths increased again but only in the older age groups. Mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis showed a steady decrease. In 1973 the autopsy rate was 80.6% in pneumococcal pneumonia, 65.6% in pulmonary embolism, 48.1% in bronchiectasis, and 47.0% in pulmonary tuberculosis, exceeding significantly the mean national autopsy rate which was 38.3%. This might mean that at least some of these respiratory diseases are underdiagnosed clinically as the performance of an autopsy seems to increase their relative proportion in mortality statistics.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Protection by natural infection and vaccination against respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasmas.

Following recovery from mycoplasmal respiratory disease animals are resistant to reinfection. The mechanism of this immunity is not well understood; usually there is poor correlation between circulating antibody levels and the degree of resistance to reinfection, but more work is needed to both man and animals on the significance of the different classes and types of circulating antibody. Because mycoplasmal infection of the respiratory tract is largely confined to the epithelial surface, it seems likely that local immunity will prove to be important. The levels of specific immunoglobulins, particularly IgA, in respiratory tract secretions may be related to immunity. It is probably, however, that cell-mediated immunity is the main determinant of resistance to mycoplasmal respiratory disease: firstly, there is evidence in several diseases that lymphocytes can be transformed by mycoplasmal antigen and there are some indications thatthe degree of this cell-mediated immunity might correlate with resistance to infection; secondly, antigen has produced skin reactions indicative of delayed hypersensitivity in some mycoplasmal diseases. Vaccination with inactivated vaccines has not produced satisfactory immunity; attenuated mycoplasma strains or temperature-sensitive mutants seem more likely to afford adequate protection against respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasmas.

Animals↗