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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cilioretinal arteries and retinal arterial occlusion.

A series of 187 cases of retinal artery occlusion was reviewed. 107 of which were central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO). Of the 107 cases, 28 (26%) showed some degree of macular sparing owing to a patent cilioretinalartery. The patients with cilioretinal sparing regained variable degrees of visual acuity, depending on the amount of the pipillomacular bundle supplied by the patent vessel. The patients with CRAO without cilioretinal sparing rarely regained any useful vision. To our knowledge, this is the first large series documenting the degree of visual return in such cases. From this data, guidelines for counseling patients with CRAO with cilioretinal sparing are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein obstruction.

We observed seven patients with the unusual combination of a central retinal vein obstruction in conjunction with a simultaneous branch retinal artery obstruction. The patients presented with sectoral retinal whitening, as well as diffuse peripapillary and superficial retinal hemorrhages. In five of the seven patients, the retinal hemorrhages appeared most florid in the territory of the obstructed arteriole, resulting initially in the consideration that these cases represented a combined branch retinal artery and branch retinal vein obstruction. In all cases, however, the presence of dilated, tortuous veins with diffuse retinal hemorrhages, in addition to generalized delay in arteriovenous transit on fluorescein angiography, localized the venous blockage to the central retinal vein. No intra-arterial retinal emboli were visualized. Initially, five of the seven patients suffered markedly diminished visual function; although visual acuity returned to near normal in all but two patients. In the two patients with non-resolving, markedly impaired visual acuity, neovascularization of the iris complicated the clinical course. Both of these patients were treated with panretinal photocoagulation, with resolution of the iris neovascularization. These seven patients highlight another variation of combined arterial and venous retinal vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Thrombolysis of arterial retinal occlusion using urokinase].

The authors present an account on possible aimed thrombolytic treatment of occlusion of the retinal artery by urokinase. Aimed thrombolysis can be performed at ophthalmological departments with an available radiodiagnostic department, which performs angiographies of carotid arteries. The authors discuss the necessary dose of 200,000 to 300,000 i.u. of urokinase. One-hour infusion with an initial booster dose is best. Early administration of the preparation is considered most important by the authors. The authors present the case-history of a 34-year-old patient with complete occlusion of the central retinal artery with haemodynamically severe aortal stenosis with a congenital background. Urokinase was administered six hours after occlusion of the artery. Gradually reperfusion of the retina occurred and improvement of the visual acuity from 0.01 to 0.17 with a residual relative wedge-shaped loss of the visual field and paleness of the disc of the optic nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Central subretinal hemorrhage from a retinal arterial macroaneurysm--two-step treatment with laser and vitreoretinal surgery.

Central subretinal hemorrhage can be a complication of arterial retinal macroaneurysm. Subretinal bleeding may lead to mechanical and toxic damage of photoreceptors, causing persisting central scotomas. Prophylactically, we perform a two-step therapy using an argon laser and vitreoretinal surgery to achieve coagulation of the bleeding source and drainage of subretinal blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Preretinal arterial loops and retinal arterial occlusion.

A 19-year-old man had bilateral congenital preretinal arterial loops emerging from the optic disk into the vitreous cavity. The loop in the right eye was associated with an inferior papillary arterial occlusion. Extensive examination to determine a systemic cause of the occlusion was negative; twisting or kinking of the loop may have had a role. The major arterial blood supply in each eye was cilioretinal in origin and in the left eye, the inferior preretinal arterial loop supplied blood to both the retina and the choroid. In three previous cases and our case of preretinal arterial loops associated with branch retinal arterial occlusion, none had emboli or associated systemic factors. All involved solely arterial supply to the inferior retina. The ages of three of the four patients ranged from 19 to 22 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cilio-retinal arterial circulation in central retinal vein occlusion.

The hypothesis that an occlusion of the central retinal artery is an essential prerequisite for haemorrhage formation after central retinal vein obstruction has been investigated by examining the fundus changes in patients with a cilio-retinal arterial circulation; the findings are at variance with the 'combined occlusion hypothesis'. Comparisons were made between the pathological features in two retinal capillary beds with independent sources of arterial supply--namely, the central retinal and cilio-retinal arteries--but with an obstructed venous drainage channel common to both--namely, the central retinal vein. The importance of intraluminal pressure changes (as distinct from perfusion changes) in the causation of haemorrhages and oedema after venous occlusion is stressed, and the role of arterial disease in the pathogenesis of venous occlusions is distinguished from its role in determining the sequelae of such occlusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Central retinal artery spasm.

Central retinal artery spasm, a seldom witnessed ocular sign, has been recognized in one eye of a patient complaining of transient monocular blindness. Removal of an ulcerative atheromatous plaque of the carotid artery on the same side as the eye with central retinal artery spasm resulted in complete disappearance of symptoms. No other signs of ocular pathology were noted in addition to the central retinal artery spasm. Central retinal artery spasm occurring in both eyes simultaneously may be the mechanism explaining the visual loss of amaurosis fugax. Physiologic mechanisms associating brief episodes of monocular blindness and carotid artery obstructive disease with atherosclerosis are discussed. The possibility of central retinal artery spasm initiating occlusion of the same vessel is mentioned.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of acute central retinal artery occlusion.

Central retinal artery occlusion very often leads to irreversible visual loss and seldom responds to treatment. Retrograde cannulation of the supraorbital artery followed by irrigation with anticoagulants and vasodilators may be of value in the early management of this problem. A case in point is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Central retinal artery occlusion.

Central retinal artery occlusion is characterized by sudden, painless visual loss due to blockage of retinal blood flow. It has been reported in all age groups including children but is most frequent in the sixth decade. Both thrombosis and embolism have been suggested as possible mechanisms. The emergency treatment includes intravenous acetazolamide, digital ocular massage, and inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide -- 95% oxygen for ten minutes. Following emergency treatment, immediate ophthalmologic referral and consultation is required. Comprehensive medical evaluation should be initiated to exclude systemic vascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bifemelane in the treatment of central retinal artery or vein obstruction.

Patients with retinal artery or vein obstruction received 150 mg of bifemelane hydrochloride daily for 1 to 11 months and other treatment (urokinase, steroid hormone, hyperbaric oxygen, or laser photocoagulation) or the latter without bifemelane. After treatment with bifemelane, improvements in visual acuity were seen in 12 of 17 eyes with central retinal artery obstruction, in three of four eyes with central retinal vein obstruction, and in five of nine eyes with branch retinal vein obstruction. Among the patients not receiving bifemelane, improvements were seen in two of six patients with central retinal artery disease, in 14 of 27 eyes with central retinal vein obstruction, and in 13 of 28 eyes with branch retinal vein obstruction. It is concluded that bifemelane can be used to improve visual acuity in many patients with central retinal artery obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The optic disk in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with retinal artery occlusion.

Two patients who had retinal artery occlusion associated with impaired peripapillary choroidal circulation were followed up ophthalmoscopically, to evaluate the appearance of the optic disk. The first patient showed central retinal artery occlusion, and the second patient demonstrated branch retinal artery occlusion. A peripapillary choroidal filling defect was noted in both cases by fluorescein angiography, suggesting an association with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The first patient exhibited optic atrophy without demonstrating pale disk edema. The second patient showed pale disk edema, but a sectorial defect of disk swelling was noted in the quadrant that corresponded to the area affected by branch retinal artery occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A histopathologic study of retinal arterial aneurysms.

An isolated retinal arterial aneurysm was found postmortem in the eye of a 75-year-old hypertensive woman, and multiple aneurysms were in the enucleated eye of a 68-year-old hypertensive man with neovascular glaucoma. The aneurysmal sites showed thickening of the vessel walls with hyaline, fibrin, and foamy macrophages. Fresh or organized thrombus partially filled the aneurysmal lumina. Trypsin digestion preparations in Case 2 showed a progressive severity of aneurysmal changes from the simplest "cuff" type to the hemorrhagic "b;pwout" aneurysms with a linear split in the vessel wall. Atheroma was present in the larger arterial branches and fat was in most of the aneurysmal walls. These findings suggested that damage to the arterial wall by cholesterol or other emboli, or by occlusive disease, may predispose especially hypertensive patients to arterial aneurysm formation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spiral looping of retinal artery.

An isolated retinal vascular anomaly in the form of an arterial loop is presented in a 32-year-old male. This loop originated on the retina beyond the optic disc border and returned to the lower branch of the central artery on the retinal tissue after making six spirals. The retinal circulatory dynamics of this eye, defined by fluorescein angiography, was observed over a period of 12 years with no loss of function to the involved eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Protein S deficiency and bilateral branch retinal artery occlusion.

A macular branch retinal artery occlusion developed in the right eye of a 25-year-old woman when she was 38 weeks pregnant. She subsequently presented 5 days postpartum with a branch retinal artery occlusion in her left eye. Although her initial work-up did not reveal a source for her occlusions, subsequent studies have documented a deficiency of protein S.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hemorrhage from isolated aneurysm of a retinal artery: report of two cases simulating malignant melanoma.

Isolated retinal arterial aneurysms or macroaneurysms of the retinal arteries may be the cause of hemorrhage in the retina or vitreous. Two cases are reported in which hemorrhages from isolated retinal arterial aneurysms clinically simulated malignant melanoma of the choroid. Previous studies of lesions simulating malignant melanoma of the uvea have shown that vitreous and retinal hemorrhage may easily mislead the clinician. It is stressed that careful prolonged observation does not materially decrease the patient's chance for survival if he does have a malignant melanoma and may prevent an unnecessary enucleation.

Aged↗