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Results for “Retrospective Studies”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

Congenital hip disease in a Cree-Ojibwa population: a retrospective study.

Retrospective study of data from annual surveys and hospital records over 23 years confirmed the 1950 report of a high prevalence of congenital hip disease (CHD) in the Cree-Ojibwa population of Island Lake, Man. Annual ascertainment rates ranged from 35 to 600 cases per 1000 live births; 5-year rates for dislocation or subluxation were the highest reported for any population. The minimally declining rates of CHD may reflect upgrading in criteria for hip abnormality as well as decreasing isolation and increasing outbreeding of the population. The preponderance of females (female:male ratio, 1.90:1) was low compared with that found in other studies. For all diagnoses bilateral hip involvement exceeded unilateral in frequency; laterality differences were not significant when the sexes were studied separately. Function in everyday activities was impaired little.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Reported anaesthetic complications during an 11-year period. A retrospective study.

Retrospectively 120 anaesthetic complications with potential medicolegal consequences were reviewed. Seven deaths occurred. Eighty percent of the complications were potentially avoidable. Of the complications 4.4% resulted in major morbidity and 82.3% in intermediate morbidity. Dental injuries were reported with an annual frequency of six. The use of pulse oximetry and/or capnography could possibly have prevented 18% of all complications apart from dental injuries. Ten cases were reported to the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare; four cases resulted in disciplinary consequences. The influence of human factors on the development of complications is stressed.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1978

Reversible renal failure caused by hypercalcemia. A retrospective study.

The influence of hypercalcemia on renal function was studied retrospectively in 13 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, vitamin D intoxication, malignant lymphoma or chronic lymphatic leucemia. Different kinds of treatment, depending upon the primary disease, often induced a rapid fall in the serum calcium concentration. The serum creatinine concentration always fell simultaneously. The serum phosphate concentration fell in all but two patients. Changes in serum calcium and serum creatinine correlated significantly (p less than 0.001), as did changes in serum calcium and serum phosphate concentrations (p less than 0.05). Serum calcium/serum creatinine and serum calcium/serum phosphate ratios were significantly higher in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism than in patients with hypercalcemia of non-hyperparathyroid origin (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001). This suggests a different effect of calcium on the glomerular filtration rate in hyperparathyroid and non-hyperparathyroid patients, the latter group being more sensitive to the influence of hypercalcemia. Possible explanations for this difference, such as a protective effect of PTH on the glomerular filtration, are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[A correlative retrospective study of the histological findings and arthrograms in degenerative disease of the meniscus (author's transl)].

The ability to diagnose degenerative changes of the menisci by means of arthrograms was studied retrospectively by correlating the histological and operative findings and arthrographic appearances in 45 cases. It was shown that degenerative changes, as indicated histologically, could be diagnosed by arthrography, but that the arthrogram gave no certain indication of its severity. On the other hand, it appears that fairly severe changes must be present before they become radiologically visible. In negative cases the presence of degenerative changes in bone and cartilage may indicate meniscus degeneration. Problems in the diagnosis of cartilage abnormalities in the arthrogram are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Outpatient orthopedic surgery: a retrospective study of 1996 patients.

Outpatient surgical procedures performed at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval on 1996 patients (1091 men, 905 women) were studied retrospectively. Lower-limb surgery accounted for 66.5% of the procedures. The mean age of the 1996 patients was 40.7 years. General anesthesia was used in 91.5% of the cases. After surgery, the patients were discharged according to the criteria described by Wetchler and Kortilla. The unanticipated hospital admission rate was 6.3% and the complication rate was 1.3% with no life-threatening conditions. Proper selection and preparation of the patient and strict criteria for safe discharge after day surgery are mandatory for the patient's safety and satisfaction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The localizing value of auras in partial seizures: a prospective and retrospective study.

Doubts concerning the localizing significance of auras in partial seizures have recently been expressed. Prompted by this, we studied this issue by re-examining two groups of patients; the first, studied retrospectively, consisted of patients in whom the site of origin of the seizures was known beyond a reasonable doubt; the second, studied prospectively, comprised patients in whom specific auras were correlated with the localization of interictal epileptiform EEG abnormalities and the final diagnostic impression. The data from the retrospective series were suitable for rigorous statistical analysis. The two groups yielded similar results: the frequency of auras in partial seizures and the localizing significance of those for which large enough numbers could be collected was high. We conclude that the type of aura, when elicited by careful history-taking, provides as useful localizing, but often not lateralizing, information as the EEG and modern high-technology procedures such as CT, MRI, and PET.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Severe Crohn's disease in children. Retrospective study of 38 cases].

Thirty-eight children presenting with severe Crohn's disease (CD) were studied retrospectively over a mean period of 6 years. The severity of CD was estimated according to an activity score. This was initially 66 +/- 19 reaching 100 in 16% of cases. Initial involvement included ileon and large intestine only (n = 23), large intestine (n = 11) and ileon only (n = 4), with upper GI tract or perineal involvement in 32 and 75% of cases respectively. The treatments consisted of corticosteroids (n = 34), azathioprine (n = 11), continuous enteral feeding (CEF) (n = 25), parenteral nutrition (PN) (n = 30). Mean recurrence rates per patient and per year were 0.6 in the groups including ileon and large intestine or the large intestine only and 0.3 in the ileal group. A surgical resection was performed in 20 cases with a mean rate of reoperation of 40% at 5 years. Reoperations were necessary only in the group involving the ileon and large intestine. Mean weight catch-up in 3 months and height growth speed were 6 kg and 1.7 to 3.1 cm/year under CED and/or PN. After a 6 year follow-up the activity index was decreased by 70% with a quality of life considered to be good in 60% of cases.

Child↗

PubMed1992

[Long-term results of congenital glaucoma microsurgery--retrospective study].

Medium and long term results of trabeculotomy and goniotomy operations for primary congenital glaucomas treated in Lausanne between 1965 and 1990 were studied retrospectively. Parameters evaluated were intraocular pressure (IOP) and final visual acuity (VA). Data on IOP were available for 38 eyes. 66% underwent trabeculotomy and/or goniotomy (first group) the others needed further surgical or medical treatment (second group). IOP was equal or inferior to 19 mmHg in 88% of the first group and 62% of the second group at the end of the study (mean follow-up 13.1 years). Data on VA were available for 32 eyes. In the first group, 65% showed a VA of more than 0.5 compared to 33% for the second group. Therefore, we can consider trabeculotomy and goniotomy as early operations as advisable in first intention treatment of primary congenital glaucoma.

Female↗

PubMed1975

Splenectomy in homozygous beta thalassaemia: a retrospective study of 30 patients.

In order to clarify the indications for splenectomy in patients with homozygous beta thalassaemia we studied, retrospectively, the basal pre-transfusion haemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements before and after splenectomy, in a series of patients with this disorder. Thirty-six patients, of whom 20 underwent splenectomy, were included in this study. Three groups of patients with homozygous beta thalassaemia were identified on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Two of the three groups consisted of 24 patients with beta thalassaemia major, subdivided retrospectively according to their response to splenectomy. The third group consisted of six patients with beta thalassaemia intermedia who had a comparably mild clinical course. In the first group of 16 patients with beta thalassemia major, monthly transfusions were required from the age of 6 months to 24 months and splenectomy resulted in temporary improvement for a period of 1-2 years. Thereafter, the transfusion requirements returned to pre-operative levels with no sustained improvements in base-line pretransfusion haemoglobin levels. Despite the fact that haematological improvement was temporary, it is felt that splenectomy is indicated in this group since the development and the general well-being of the children was significantly improved. In the second group of eight patients with beta thalassaemia major, transfusion requirements were relatively infrequent before 1-2 years, but after several years the transfusion requirement increased simultaneously with the development of 'hypersplenism'.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term effects of splenectomy for immune thrombopenic purpura related to human immunodeficiency virus. A retrospective study from 2 groups, with and without splenectomy].

In order to evaluate the long-term effects of splenectomy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), we studied retrospectively two populations of patients: 21 had undergone splenectomy and 18 had not. At the time of diagnosis the first population had on average lower platelet counts than the second one. After a mean follow-up of 47 +/- 9 months the situation has been reversed: the population that underwent splenectomy had significantly higher platelet counts than that without splenectomy (190.600 +/- 55.300/mm3 versus 91.500 +/- 55.300/mm3, P less than 0.001). Moreover 76 percent of the patients with splenectomy versus 50 percent in the population without splenectomy were in complete remission of ITP at the last follow-up. It therefore seems that splenectomy had a statistically positive effect on platelet counts without worsening the immune status. Indeed, the clinical course towards AIDS was the same in both populations (35 percent in patients with splenectomy and 22 percent without, P = NS). Following splenectomy, the total blood lymphocytes count was increased, especially the CD8 population, while the CD4 count remains unchanged; these findings seem to be a common feature after splenectomy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1978

Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma: a retrospective study using conventional statistical methods and a computer program.

The prognostic significance of age, sex, ethnic origin and various laboratory data was studied retrospectively in 69 patients with multiple myeloma using conventional statistical tests and the multiple regression computerized analysis. The conventional statistical analysis confirmed that age, anemia, uremia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperuricemia and IgA lambda type myeloma were associated with a poor prognosis. The multiple regression analysis indicated that age and blood urea nitrogen levels were the only variables which significantly affect the survival of patients with multiple myeloma. A correlation was found between blood urea nitrogen levels and other laboratory data of apparent prognostic value. The differences between our results and those of other authors are discussed and it is suggested that they may, in part, be due to the fact that the interplay between the various prognostic variables was not exposed in other studies.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic value of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with suspected infections and exploration of clinical scenarios-a retrospective study from a single center.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a non-invasive comprehensive method for the etiological diagnosis of various infectious diseases. However, research on the early diagnosis and real-world clinical impact of plasma mNGS in patients with suspected infection are still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively included 140 patients with suspected infections who underwent early plasma mNGS and conventional culture testing. Referring to the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases, the diagnostic performance of plasma mNGS and culture tests was compared, and the application scenarios and clinical effects of plasma mNGS were evaluated. RESULTS: The positive rate of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture methods (55.71% vs 25.10%, p < 0.001) and blood cultures (55.71% vs 12.86%, p < 0.001). Regarding clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture (58.27% vs 37.80%, p = 0.002). The combination of mNGS and culture achieved a higher detection sensitivity (69.29%), especially in patients with multi-site co-infections (73.68%) and blood infections (73.17%). Plasma mNGS demonstrated higher sensitivity in patients with procalcitonin (PCT) index > 5 ng/ml or human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) index > 200 ng/ml. In terms of treatment, a total of 69 patients (54.33%) benefited from plasma mNGS. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant improvement in pathogen detection performance by combining conventional culture with plasma mNGS detection, especially in patients with multi-site co-infections and blood infections. Early use of plasma mNGS as an adjunct to culture can better guide clinicians to initiate appropriate anti-infective therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Progestogens in renal cell carcinoma. A retrospective study.

A retrospective study of 88 cases of renal cell carcinoma is presented with emphasis on the follow-up and progestogens administration. Between the statistically homogeneous groups of patients treated with progesterone capronate and with other therapeutic regimens, no statistical difference in actuarial survival rate could be detected.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

Common features associated with spinal-anesthesia-induced hypotension: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study investigated features common to 85 documented cases of spinal-anesthesia-induced hypotension. Low preoperative systolic blood pressure and anemia were the most predictive features. Physical status was less important, with the exception of emergency surgeries. An association was found between preoperative medication--especially narcotics--and hypotension. Other variables found to have a high frequency among hypotensive patients were known preexisting pathologic conditions, increasing concentrations of anesthetic used at the time of surgery, and increasing levels of anesthesia achieved. The study is weighted toward obstetric/gynecologic cases.

Anemia↗

PubMed1992

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Royal Naval personnel: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was conducted to assess the various factors thought to influence the outcome of retinal detachment in RN personnel. A description of retinal detachment and its management, aimed at non-specialists, is given in the introduction. In the study period eight Servicemen had rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. All underwent conventional detachment surgery, but two required two further operations including vitrectomy. Important features of each patient's detachment are discussed, as is post-operative progress. All patients spent a considerable time away from duty and three were discharged from the Service on medical grounds. Poor outcome could be related to myopia, trauma, delay in presentation to primary care, the number of operations performed and to post-operative complications. Advice is given regarding assessment and management of suspected cases by non-specialists. It is hoped that reporting this study will increase awareness within the RN of retinal detachment as a sight-threatening condition.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Neurologic status and prognosis after cardiopulmonary arrest: I. A retrospective study.

A retrospective survey of survivors of cardiorespiratory arrest included 34 patients. Twenty-one had a good outcome neurologically and 13 were seriously impaired. Depth and duration of postarrest coma correlated significantly with poor neurologic function. Seventy percent of the seriously impaired patients never regained consciousness and none emerged from coma within 5 days; 90 percent of patients with good outcome were alert within 18 hours after resuscitation. Coma motor unresponsiveness, absent pupillary light reflexes, and absent oculocephalic responses were closely associated with dismal prognosis for neurologic functioning. This retrospective study cannot provide a basis for discontinuation of life support at any specific time.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Cerebral metastasis without known primary tumour: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was made of 19 patients who underwent operation for an intracerebral metastasis of an unknown primary tumour. Most patients survived for a few months only, with 2 remarkable ecceptions. In only 8 of them, the primary tumour became manifest in the further course of the illness.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Prophylactic low dose heparin anticoagulant therapy in patients with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was performed of 100 consecutive acute traumatic spinal injury patients with neurological deficit admitted to the Yorkshire regional spinal injuries centre prior to May 1990. Ninety-seven of these patients received prophylactic low dose subcutaneous heparin and 3 patients were excluded because of noted complications. Twenty-six patients developed thromboembolic complications. Apart from the fact that acute spinal cord injury patients are considered to be in an hypercoaguable state, the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) in our study, even though these patients were on prophylactic low dose subcutaneous heparin, was related to delay in transfers, operative intervention, level of spinal cord injury and was possibly due to loss of some amount of heparin solution from the prefilled syringe during removal of air bubbles prior to the subcutaneous heparin injection.

Acute Disease↗