SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Rhinometry, Acoustic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

A comparison of the sensitivity of manometric rhinometry, acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and nasal peak flow to detect the decongestant effect of xylometazoline.

A study has been undertaken to compare the sensitivity of manometric rhinometry, rhinomanometry, nasal peak flow and acoustic rhinometry to detect the decongestant effect of xylometazoline. Twenty healthy volunteers were investigated before and after decongestion. The sensitivity of all four methods varied from 80 to 95%. These differences were not significant. Manometric rhinometry, a new method of investigating nasal physiology, is as sensitive as more established methods.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the effects of nasal decongestants with acoustic rhinometry].

Acoustic rhinometry is a new method of evaluating the geometrical distributions of the cross-section and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that of a nontraumatic procedure requiring minimal time for measurements. Eight males (27-39 years old) without nasal lesions were investigated with acoustic rhinometry before and after unilateral administrations of decongestants. Conventional nasal decongestants such as naphazolin nitrate 0.1% (Privina) and tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride 0.1%, as well as prednisolone 0.02% (Cor-tyzine), were used in solutions diluted 10 or 100 times. As to the method of decongestant application, we adopted the head tilt method, in the successive order of backward, lateral (toward the non-application side) tilt and backward. Each position was maintained for 30 seconds. Minimal cross sectional area of the nasal cavity, and nasal volume were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry. After the application of nasal drops, the minimal cross sectional area increased within 10 minutes, followed by a plateau level for one hour. With the application of nasal decongestants, an I-notch, corresponding to the nasal valve, was unchanged, whereas the C-notch, corresponding to the anterior and of the inferior turbinate, often shifted upwards. Thus, the minimal cross sectional area changed from an I-notch to a C-notch location. The volume of the nasal cavity increased within 10 minutes, and maintained a plateau level for one hour which was similar to that of the minimal cross sectional area. Changes in the ratio of the minimal cross sectional area were greater for less diluted solutions. Changes in the ratio of the nasal cavity were similar to those of the minimal cross sectional area.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1998

Normative standards for nasal cross-sectional areas by race as measured by acoustic rhinometry.

Acoustic rhinometry evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity with acoustic reflections and provides information about nasal cross-sectional area and nasal volume within a given distance. Variations in internal nasal diameters have attracted increased interest since the advent of endoscopic surgical techniques. Race is known to be one of the most important factors affecting the nasal structure. In this study, we evaluated 106 healthy adult volunteers with acoustic rhinometry to determine internal nasal diameters and volumes and obtained normative data for four racial/ethnic groups. The data were analyzed with regard to race, sex, height, and weight. All measurements were made before and after the application of a topical nasal decongestant so that the effects of the nasal cycle were eliminated by decongestion.

Acoustics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The reliability of determining the minimal cross section by acoustic rhinometry].

Acoustic rhinometry is a new technique that is rapid, reproducible, non-invasive and requires minimal subject cooperation. Many authors think that the method is most reliable in measurements of the anterior nasal cavity. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of acoustic rhinometry measurements.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2002

Modified method of acoustic rhinometry.

Acoustic rhinometry is a well-known method for evaluating nasal cavity patency using sound waves. The method produces graphical information on cross-sectional areas, the distances between these areas and the nostril and the nasal volume. We used this method to evaluate 40 children aged between 7 and 13 years old with complaints of nasal obstruction. All patients underwent endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, and only children presenting with hypertrophic inferior nasal turbinates and with no history or clinical evidence of infectious rhinitis were included in the study. Using a modified method we obtained four distinct and constant cross-sectional areas along the nasal cavity and four corresponding distances from these areas to the nostril.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Some fundamental studies on clinical measurement conditions in acoustic rhinometry.

Acoustic rhinometry is a new method to measure the patency of the nasal airway. In this study the clinical measuring conditions were systematically evaluated. The test-retest validity was analysed by repeated measurements in ordinary, not specially trained patients and was found to be at the level of approximately 15%. The need for acclimatization before measurements was tested by making a series of measurements on two separate occasions: one after a rest period following the patient's arrival at the nose laboratory, and a second in another session where no rest was allowed for. Statistically, no significant differences between the repeated measurements in the two occasions were found. However, there was a tendency towards smaller nasal volumes in the measures of the repeated recordings made without an acclimatization period. Therefore, it seems to be advisable to have an acclimatization period before acoustic rhinometry measurements.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1994

[Nasal decongestion evaluated by acoustic rhinometry].

Acoustic rhinometry measures the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity based on changes in acoustic impedance. The volume of the nasal cavity can be calculated by mathematical integration of the cross-sectional areas. One of the advantages of this procedure is that repeated measurements can be quickly performed non-invasively. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of nasal mucosal decongestion after applying vasoactive agents. The experiments were performed in normal adult volunteers (17 males, 3 females) who gave their informed consent to participate in this study. Three vasoactive agents (0.1% epinephrine, 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride, 0.5% oxymetazoline hydrochloride), two alpha-receptor antagonists (0.2% phenoxybenzamine, 0.4% yohimbine) and a local anesthetic (4% lidocaine) were used. In order to apply the agents precisely and safely, we attached a 6mm diameter disc moistened with 0.1 ml of solution to the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate unilaterally for fifty seconds. After removing the disc, acoustic measurements were performed for an hour. To analyze data we divided the nasal cavity into three portions, i.e., anterior, middle and posterior. Volume changes in each portion are expressed as percentages. Immediately after applying phenylephrine and oxymetazoline, ipsilateral volume in the anterior portion began to increase, and then extended posteriorly. The level of decongestion remained unchanged for an hour. Contralateral volume decreased in all portions. When epinephrine was applied, mucosal decongestion occurred first followed by congestion in all portions of the ipsilateral side after 20 minutes. Mucosal congestion occurred in all portions of the contralateral side. After applying phenoxybenzamine or yohimbine for ten minutes, we administered vasoactive agents topically. Pretreatment with alpha-1 antagonist almost totally suppressed the mucosal decongestion caused by phenylephrine and oxymetazoline. Contralateral congestion was decreased by antagonizing the suppression of ipsilateral decongestion. After application of lidocaine for ten minutes, phenylephrine still caused ipsilateral decongestion only in the anterior portion, but decongestion of the middle and posterior portion and congestion on the contralateral side totally disappeared. These findings suggest the following conclusions: 1) decongestion evoked by adrenergic agents is probably caused by direct activation of alpha-1 receptors, 2) decongestion of the middle and posterior portions is evoked by drug particles conveyed by ciliary movement, and 3) the contralateral response is probably related to the activation of sensory nerves on the ipsilateral side.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1999

Effect of nasal surgery on the nasal cavity as determined by acoustic rhinometry.

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) was used to objectively measure the success of septoplasty in relieving nasal obstruction caused by septal deviation. In addition, the patients were given a questionnaire to subjectively assess symptoms of congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing. Patients diagnosed with a septal deviation requiring surgery to eliminate obstruction were enrolled in this study. A septal deviation often results in concomitant sinonasal or respiratory problems that require septoplasty plus other surgeries to treat the patient effectively. AR measurements for patients who underwent septoplasty or septoplasty plus other surgeries were taken before and after surgery. To avoid confounding results caused by different levels of congestion, we used only postdecongestant values to analyze the data and only the side of the nose with the smaller volume for analysis. Patients in the septoplasty-only group showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in volume as measured by AR, a decrease in the symptom of congestion, and a decrease in the symptom of rhinorrhea. Patients who had septoplasty plus other sinonasal procedures showed significant increases in volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) 3, whereas CSAs 1 and 2 increased also, but not significantly.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Preoperative and postoperative nasal septal surgery assessment with acoustic rhinometry.

INTRODUCTION: Acoustic rhinometry is a relatively new tool used for the measurement of the geometry of the nasal fossa. We hypothesized that acoustic rhinometry would be useful for preoperative and postoperative assessment of patients undergoing septal surgery. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Twenty-four patients undergoing septal surgery performed by two surgeons underwent preoperative and postoperative rhinometry. The indications for surgery were nasal obstruction caused by a deviated nasal septum. Rhinometry was conducted with the Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometry System (Hood Laboratories). Analysis of the data was performed with the Kwikstat program (Texasoft) and Excel (Microsoft). RESULTS: Subjective improvement in nasal patency was significantly correlated with improvement in acoustic rhinometry. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic rhinometry is valuable in objectively confirming nasal patency after nasal septal and turbinate surgery.

Acoustics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physiological change in nasal patency in response to changes in posture, temperature, and humidity measured by acoustic rhinometry.

BACKGROUND: Acoustic rhinometry has been used to assess nasal patency and to calculate nasal cavity volume. This study used acoustic rhinometry to assess changes in nasal patency after alterations in posture, unilateral mechanical obstruction, temperature, and humidity. METHODS: Eight healthy adult volunteer subjects underwent acoustic rhinometry during the following conditions: (1) sitting position (control), (2) supine position, (3) left lateral recumbent position, (4) nostril unilaterally mechanically blocked, (5) ice pack on neck, (6) drinking cold water, (7) drinking hot water, (8) nasal nebulizer, and (9) oxymetazoline decongestant. RESULTS: Two distinct patterns emerged based on the total nasal cavity volumes in response to the decongestant. Subjects with initial unilateral nasal cavity volumes near the mean had an expected increase in total volume after the topical decongestant administration. There were two subjects with initial volumes of 1 SD above the mean that had a paradoxical decrease in total volume in response to the decongestant. In all subjects, there was a significant decrease in the volume of each of the nasal cavities in response to ingestion of hot water at 1 minute. There was a significant decrease in the volume of the smaller of the two nasal cavities in response to nebulizer treatment and hot water ingestion at 5 minutes. Total nasal cavity volume changes were not significant for any of the variables. CONCLUSION: Changes in nasal cavity volumes were detected by acoustic rhinometry after alterations in posture, unilateral mechanical obstruction, temperature, and humidity. Nebulizer treatment and hot water ingestion caused a significant decrease in nasal volume. The nose of a healthy patient was able to adapt to environmental and physiological changes to maintain a consistent total nasal volume within 15 minutes.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pre and post functional endoscopic sinus surgery nasal cavity volume assessment by acoustic rhinometry.

UNLABELLED: Acoustic rhinometry is an objective method to determine nasal cavity geometry. The technique is based on sound wave reflexion analysis in the nasal cavity, and determines crossectional areas as a function of distance as well as volume. AIM: The purpose of this study is to analyse nasal cavity volume changes caused by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in adults with chronic rhinosinusitis by acoustic rhinometry, and to correlate these changes with improvements in the sensation of nasal obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty patients aged from 18 to 73 years were prospectively evaluated between August and October 1999 at the Graz University Hospital, Austria. All patients were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, and undertook acoustic rhinometry before and after FESS. SCIENTIFIC DESIGN: A clinical prospective study. RESULTS: The nasal cavity total volume increased significantly after surgery. Nasal obstruction was improved in 88% of the patients, 20% with partial improvement and 68% with total improvement. There was no correlation between volume increase and improvement of the sensation of nasal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Total nasal cavity volume significantly increased after surgery; however, there was no correlation between volume increase and improvements of nasal obstruction. No significant pre or postoperative increase in total nasal cavity volume after decongestion were observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Acoustic rhinometry--examination technique and discussion of the recommendation of the Committee for Standardisation of Acoustic Rhinometry, European Rhinologic Association ].

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) is a technique of nasal patency assessment, ever more frequently used in clinical practice. As yet, no generally accepted recommendations has been developed concerning the method of examination performing. In the paper the technique of examination is presented and the recommendations of the Committee for Standardisation of Acoustic Rhinometry, European Rhinologic Association are discussed.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed2000

Novel techniques, standardization tools to enhance reliability of acoustic rhinometry measurements.

Acoustic rhinometry measurements are influenced by factors related to subject posture, breathing, inclination and positioning of the wavetube, leaks and distortion at the nostril-nose adapter connection and ambient noise. We present simple techniques to control these errors. Thus, gel on contoured nose adapters, shadow tracing to maintain posture, laser homing for wavetube alignment, are all integrated into a practical scheme that is easy to implement and causes minimum discomfort to subjects. Repeatability improved to below 3% coefficient of variation (CV) in non decongested subjects when trained operators used all the techniques together viz. gel on nose adaptors, shadow tracing, laser homing. In a factorial experiment, repeated measurements were made on subjects over two consecutive days with operator training and standardization tools as variables. An analysis of variance identified the most important factors to be gel on contoured nose adapters, operator training and control of breathing. With gel, the mean CV between readings was 5.8%, measurement time 30.3 seconds. The tools, especially gel and shadow tracing, helped untrained operators achieve performance levels that were more comparable with trained operators. Reproducible curves could be taken rapidly. Thus a significant difference of 31.2 seconds between untrained and trained operators reduced to 12.6 seconds using tools. These techniques significantly improve the reliability, speed and ease of doing repeated acoustic rhinometry measurements and thus the quality of data generated in nasal studies.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2002

An interpretation method for objective assessment of nasal congestion with acoustic rhinometry.

OBJECTIVES: Acoustic rhinometry is a relatively new modality for evaluating the status of the nose. It assesses the geometry of the nasal cavity by analyzing reflected sound waves. Despite its expanding use, there is no established interpretation method. Our aims in the present descriptive study were to develop and test a protocol as a possible method to read these graphs for clinical use. STUDY DESIGN: We formulated a reading protocol to grade the congestion state of the nasal cavity. The percentile difference of cross-sectional area and volume values between the baseline and decongested states were classified into five categories based on normative values. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with allergic rhinitis were used. All the acoustic rhinometry readings were performed in blinded fashion according to the protocol; later, the clinical information was paired with the interpretation of the graph. RESULTS: The mean percentile differences of baseline and decongestion values in patients with allergic rhinitis were in the mild to moderate range difference according to our reading system. The range of nasal congestion in patients with allergic rhinitis patients was increased with additional pathological conditions such as sleep apnea. CONCLUSION: The percentile difference between the baseline values and values for maximally decongested state reflect mucosal congestion as a "congestion factor," which can be graded as mild, moderate, severe, or markedly severe, for objective evaluation of nasal congestion.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1995

Racial differences in nasal fossa dimensions determined by acoustic rhinometry.

Sixty acoustic rhinographs from subjects of three different ethnic groups (Caucasian [Europeans], Negro, and Oriental) were examined at baseline and after decongestion. The main parameters analysed were minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), the distance at which this occurred (D), nasal volume at 0-4 cm (Vol), mean cross-sectional area at 0-6 cm (MA), and the cross-sectional area at 10 points in the nose (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm) analysed as a series (A). Values from left and right were combined and mean values used. Analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression and grouped linear regression with analysis of covariance and, for A, multifactorial analysis of variance. For MCA, race was the main determining factor with Orientals and Caucasians significantly lower than Negroes: p<0.0001 (corrected means and 95% confidence intervals [c.i.]: Orientals: 0.63 cm2, 0.55-0.71 cm2; Caucasians: 0.69 cm2, 0.62-0.77 cm2; Negroes: 0.87 cm2, 0.79-0.95 cm2). Height alone correlated with D in the decongested state (p<0.0001); race as well as height in non-decongested noses (p = 0.018). There were significant racial differences in Vol in both decongested (p = 0.014), and non decongested noses (p<0.0001). In the non-decongested state MA was significantly different in all racial groups: p<0.0001 (corrected means and c.i.: Orientals: 3.89 cm2, 3.47-4.31 cm2; Caucasians: 4.67 cm2, 4.27-5.09 cm2; Negroes: 5.13 cm2, 4.72-5.53 cm2). In the decongested state there was a significant difference between Negroes and the other two groups (p = 0.015), and Orientals and Caucasians were a homogenous population. We conclude that race has a significant effect on acoustic rhinometry measurements and this needs to be taken into account.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1998

Correlation between nasal obstruction symptoms and objective parameters of acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry.

Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry have been used to assess nasal airway patency objectively. We compared nasal obstruction symptoms before and after decongestion with several parameters of these objective tests. The patients assessed their nasal obstruction using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Cross-sectional areas and nasal resistance were measured by acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry before and after topical application of 1% phenylephrine solution in 32 patients with nasal obstruction symptoms. There was no significant correlation between the difference in the VAS and the difference in nasal resistance. There was also no significant correlation between the difference in the VAS and minimal cross-sectional area and cross-sectional areas at 3.3 cm (CA3.3), CA4.0 and CA6.4 from the nosepiece both in the wide and narrow sides and in both nasal cavities before and after nasal decongestion. It is concluded that rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry may have no diagnostic value in estimating the severity of nasal obstruction symptoms.

Acoustics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in nasal resistance and nasal geometry using pressure and acoustic rhinometry in a feline model of nasal congestion.

This is the first report describing the use and pharmacological characterization of nasal patency by both pressure rhinometry and acoustic rhinometry (AcR) in an experimental cat model of nasal congestion. In pressure rhinometry studies, aerosolized compound 48/80 (0.1-3.0%), a mast cell liberator, increased nasal airway resistance (NAR) 1.2 +/- 0.6, 5.8 +/- 0.5, 8.6 +/- 1.1 and 7.9 +/- 1.5 cmH2O.L/minute, respectively. Increases in NAR produced by compound 48/80 were associated with a 395% increase in histamine concentration found in the nasal lavage fluid. Pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist, phenylpropanolamine (PPA; 0.1-3.0 mg/kg, i.v.), and the NO synthetase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the increases in NAR produced by compound 48/80. The histamine H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and the H2 antagonist, ranitidine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) had no decongestant activity. Also without decongestant activity were the muscarinic antagonist atropine, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, and the 5-HT blocker methysergide. Aerosolized histamine (0.1-1.0%) also produced a dose dependent increase in NAR. In studies using acoustic rhinometry (AcR), intranasal application of compound 48/80 (0.1-1.0%) elicited pronounced decreases in nasal cavity volumes and minimum cross-sectional area (Amin). Pretreatment with PPA (3 mg/kg, i.v. or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the decreases in nasal volume and Amin. The effects of topical intranasal histamine (0.1-1.0%) on nasal geometry were similar to compound 48/80. We conclude that the cat is a useful model for evaluating the pharmacological actions of potential nasal decongestants. Furthermore, we also conclude that AcR is a useful method for noninvasive assessment of nasal patency in a preclinical setting.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1999

Detection of the nasal cycle with acoustic rhinometry: techniques and applications.

Acoustic rhinometry is an appropriate method for detecting and recording the nasal cycle in normal subjects in terms of the cross-sectional areas and volume of the nasal cavity. In this study, we tried to detect and to define the nasal cycle in normal subjects so that we might develop a reliable and reproducible technique to be used in conjunction with studies on the physiology and pathology of nasal disease. We used normal volunteer adult subjects and performed bilateral acoustic rhinometry measurements every 15 minutes over 4 hours, along with the use of a visual analog scale for assessment of the subjective feeling of congestion (or patency) just before each acoustic rhinometry measurement. Volume and cross-sectional area changes were observed along with subjective patency-score changes in each subject. The subjective feeling of patency was not related to the volume and cross-sectional area changes measured simultaneously. The technique of recording the nasal cycle with acoustic rhinometry in nasal research is presented.

Acoustics↗