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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Rhodotorula benthica sp. nov. and Rhodotorula calyptogenae sp. nov., novel yeast species from animals collected from the deep-sea floor, and Rhodotorula lysiniphila sp. nov., which is related phylogenetically.

Three novel species of the genus Rhodotorula are described. Rhodotorula benthica sp. nov. (type strain JCM 10901(T) = SY-91(T)) and Rhodotorula calyptogenae sp. nov. (type strain JCM 10899(T) = SY-86(T)) were respectively isolated from the tubeworm Lamellibrachia sp. and the giant white clam Calyptogena sp., collected from the deep-sea floor of the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Rhodotorula lysiniphila sp. nov. (type strain JCM 5951(T)) is proposed for strains isolated previously in Japan and Pakistan. The three species were placed phylogenetically into a species complex comprising Rhodotorula laryngis, Rhodotorula minuta, Rhodotorula pallida and Rhodotorula slooffiae. R. minuta and R. slooffiae are closely related in both the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S rDNA regions. R. benthica and R. laryngis were closer to R. pallida based on the D1/D2 region. Other relationships were not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Rhodotorula cycloclastica sp. nov., Rhodotorula retinophila sp. nov., and Rhodotorula terpenoidalis sp. nov., three limonene-utilizing yeasts isolated from soil.

During a search for yeasts that hydroxylate monoterpenes, four yeast strains were isolated from soil and plant residue in monoterpene-rich environments using enrichment techniques with cyclohexanedioic acid or cyclohexanedimethanol as sole carbon source. These strains were able to utilize (+)-limonene supplied as a vapor as only carbon source. The yeasts have a CoQ-10 system. Morphology and physiological properties of the strains did not fit any known yeast species. Recent analysis of the 26S D1/D2 and ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences of basidiomycetous yeasts showed that these strains represented three hitherto unknown species of Rhodotorula and fell in a cluster consisting of Rhodotorula philyla and the mycoparasitic fungus Colacogloea peniophorae. Descriptions of three new species Rhodotorula cycloclastica (type strain TVN 309=UOFS Y 2046=CBS 8448), Rhodotorula retinophila (type strain TVN 295=UOFS Y 2043=CBS 8446), Rhodotorula terpenoidalis (type strain TVN 310=UOFS Y 2042=CBS 8445) are proposed to accommodate these isolates.

Cyclohexenes↗
PubMed2004

Reinstatement of Rhodotorula colostri (Castelli) Lodder and Rhodotorula crocea Shifrine & Phaff, former synonyms of Rhodotorula aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder.

Rhodotorula aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder is an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species that belongs to the so-called "Erythrobasidium lineage" of the Urediniomycetes, according to molecular phylogenetic studies based on nucleotide sequence analyses of different ribosomal DNA regions. In the most recent editions of the yeast taxonomy treatises the species Rhodotorula colostri (Castelli) Lodder and Rhodotorula crocea Shifrine & Phaff were listed as synonyms of R. aurantiaca. Taxonomic heterogeneity within R. aurantiaca was demonstrated in a study based on whole-cell protein profiles and is also hinted at by the observed differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics among the different strains under that species name. We determined partial nucleotide sequences of the 26S rRNA gene (D1/D2 domains) of strains maintained in the CBS culture collection under R. aurantiaca, including the type strains of its synonyms. The results showed that R. colostri and R. crocea are clearly distinct from R. aurantiaca and from any other currently recognised basidiomycetous yeast species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data placed the former two species in separate lineages of the Microbotryomycetidae: R. colostri in the "ruineniae clade" (Sporidiobolus lineage or Sporidiobolales) and R. crocea loosely linked to Rhodotorula javanica (Microbotryum lineage).

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMed2004

Direct chemical synthesis of the beta-mannans: linear and block syntheses of the alternating beta-(1-->3)-beta-(1-->4)-mannan common to Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa.

Two stereocontrolled syntheses of a methyl glycoside of an alternating beta-(1-->4)-beta-(1-->3)-mannohexaose, representative of the mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa, are described. Both syntheses employ a combination of 4,6-O-benzylidene- and 4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene acetal-protected donors to achieve stereocontrolled formation of the beta-mannoside linkage. The first synthesis is a linear one and proceeds with a high degree of stereocontrol throughout and an overall yield of 1.9%. The second synthesis, a block synthesis, makes use of the coupling of two trisaccharides, resulting in a shorter sequence and an overall yield of 4.4%, despite the poor selectivity in the key step.

Benzylidene Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Curvibasidium cygneicollum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum sp. nov., novel taxa in the Microbotryomycetidae (Urediniomycetes), and their relationship with Rhodotorula fujisanensis and Rhodotorula nothofagi.

Strains of Rhodotorula fujisanensis (Basidiomycota, Urediniomycetes, Microbotryomycetidae), including the type strain, are sexually compatible and produce clamped mycelium with teliospores. However, as teliospore germination had not been documented, the complete sexual cycle was not known. During the course of this work, the basidial stage of R. fujisanensis was characterized. In addition, mating studies employing isolates that were identified preliminarily as Rhodotorula nothofagi, a species that is related closely to R. fujisanensis, yielded mycelium with teliospores, which formed basidia and basidiospores. The new data were evaluated by using several criteria, including the available molecular phylogenetic framework for the Microbotryomycetidae. Curvibasidium gen. nov. is described here, to accommodate two teleomorphs: Curvibasidium cygneicollum sp. nov. (CBS 4551T), which is described as the sexual stage of R. fujisanensis, and Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum sp. nov. (CBS 9091T), which is related closely to R. nothofagi, but does not represent its sexual stage.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2003

Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates.

Rhodotorula infections occur among patients with immunosuppression and/or central venous catheters. Using standardized methods (NCCLS M27-A), we determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 10 Rhodotorula bloodstream infection isolates. Patient information was collected for clinical correlation. The MICs of amphotericin B and posaconazole were the lowest, and the MICs of triazoles and echinocandins were higher than those of other antifungal agents.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the cell wall of yeast of the genus Rhodotorula. X. Isolation and purification of cell-wall glycoproteins from Rhodotorula rubra (author's transl)].

Following ethylene diamine treatment of the cell wall of Rhodotorula rubra, a water soluble fraction has been isolated. This fraction can be resolved into three glycoproteins and one protein. The major part is a glycoprotein, purified to homogeneity which has a molecular weight of 64 000. The glyco-part of this protein contains mannose, glucose and one residue of glucosamine. After pronase treatment, the presence of an ""Asparaginyl-N-acetylglucosamine" linkage is established by the existence of one aspartic acid residue and one glucosamine residue. After permethylation, the initial data give some evidence that the branching points in the molecule were the carbon atoms 3 and (or) 6 of the mannose moiety and that some glucose moieties are bound to the non-reducing terminal end.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed2001

Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Rhodotorula and related basidiomycetous yeasts inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

Phylogenetic relationships of basidiomycetous yeasts, especially of the genus Rhodotorula, were studied using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The results demonstrated that the basidiomycetous yeasts under investigation distributed into two main clusters: one containing Tremellales, Filobasidiales and their anamorphs and the other containing Ustilaginales, Sporidiales and their anamorphs. This clustering in turn correlates with cell wall biochemistry, presence or absence of xylose, and septal ultrastructure, dolipore or simple pore. Bullera, Bulleromyces, Filobasidiella, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon, yeasts of the former cluster, contain xylose in the cell wall and have dolipore septa. In contrast yeasts of the latter cluster, which included Bensingtonia, Erythrobasidium, Leucosporidium, Malassezia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces and Ustilago, have no xylose in the cell wall and have a simple pore septum. Yeasts of the latter group could be further divided into four clades (A-D). Species of Rhodotorula were distributed in all of these clades, indicating the polyphyletic nature of the genus. A limited number of Rhodotorula species demonstrated identical sequences, for example Rhodotorula bacarum and Rhodotorula foliorum, Rhodotorula fujisanensis and Rhodotorula futronensis, Rhodotorula glutinis var. dairenensis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. However, all the other test species of the genus Rhodotorula were well separated based on their 396 bp nucleotide sequences. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of cytochrome b sequences for both species identification and the study of phylogenetic relationships among basidiomycetous yeasts.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Susceptibility profile of 29 clinical isolates of Rhodotorula spp. and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: In vitro susceptibility results of 29 clinical isolates of Rhodotorula spp. were analysed. In addition, the susceptibility profile of another 102 Rhodotorula isolates was reviewed. METHODS: The review included studies using antifungal susceptibility testing reference procedures or commercial methods exhibiting high correlation rates with reference procedures (Etest and Sensititre YeastOne). The 131 organisms analysed were 77 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 45 Rhodotorula glutinis and nine Rhodotorula spp. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were inactive in vitro against the majority of isolates. Amphotericin B and flucytosine exhibited good activity, being reasonable alternatives for empirical treatment. Ravuconazole was more active in vitro than other azole agents and it could be considered as an extended-spectrum triazole and maybe as a therapeutic alternative in treating infections caused by Rhodotorula species.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Opportunistic infection with Rhodotorula in cancer patients treated by chemotherapy: two case reports.

Rhodotorula species are commensal yeasts of variable pathogenicity. The authors report the case histories of two patients presenting with febrile neutropenia. The first was a 3-year-old girl who had been treated with combination chemotherapy for a tumour of the posterior fossa. The second was a 46-year-old man who had received chemotherapy for lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma, followed by consolidation treatment with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Investigation revealed infection caused by Rhodotorula. The outcome was favourable after removal of the catheter in both patients. Rhodotorula species have been isolated during a variety of infectious complications. Almost all published cases of fungaemia concern patients with central venous catheters that have been in place over long periods, who have also been treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. Neoplasia represents the most frequent underlying disease. The pathogenicity of Rhodotorula species appears to be moderate in most cases; fungal therapy or the removal of infected catheters is generally effective. Nevertheless, Rhodotorula has been reported to provoke fatal endocarditis or meningitis and can probably cause septic shock.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2002

Central venous catheter-related Rhodotorula rubra fungemia.

With the increased use of indwelling central venous catheters, increasing numbers of cases of Rhodotorula fungemia have been observed in patients with neoplasia and neutropenia. In most patients with catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia, the condition has been treated with broadspectrum antibiotics. We report two cases of central venous catheter-related Rhodotorula rubra fungemia that occurred in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Both patients were in a state of neutropenia. One patient was treated with amphotericin B and his central venous catheter was removed, but he died of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. The other patient was treated with amphotericin B and discharged, with a central venous catheter, after recovery from neutropenia. Although the management of catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia infections remains controversial, resolution of the underlying disease is more important than catheter removal for recovery from Rhodotorula rubra fungemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Rhodotorula species fungemia: a threat to the immunocompromised host.

Members of the genus Rhodotorula, family Cryptococcaceae, are common airborne fungi showing remarkable ubiquity. In the recent past they were considered nonvirulent saprophytes. However, during the last two decades they have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. A review of the English literature covering the period 1960-2001 disclosed 47 reported cases of Rhodotorula spp fungemia. The great majority of these infections has been reported after 1990, were catheter-related, and diagnosed in patients with cancer. The treatment of Rhodotorula fungemia remains controversial. Resolution of coexistent neutropenia is essential for recovery. Removal of the central venous catheter is usually sufficient and treatment with systenic antifungals may not be required. If catheter removal is undesirable or impossible or when the infection persists, treatment with amphotericin B is the treatment of choice. Rhodotorula is a fungus with a low virulence and fatality rate. Hence, most patients with Rhodotorula fungemia reported in the literature survived with or without administration of antifungal agents.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1981

Carrier-mediated transport of D-ribose by Rhodotorula glutinis.

The kinetics of D-ribose transport by Rhodotorula glutinis were investigated over a 1 000-fold range of sugar concentrations. Analysis of the saturation isotherm revealed the presence of two carrier systems for D-ribose in the Rhodotorula plasma membrane. These two carriers exhibited Km values of 1.3 and 30 mM. At saturating concentrations of D-ribose, the low Km carrier contributes less than 10% to the total rate of transport. Although D-ribose is metabolized rapidly by Rhodotorula, intracellular free sugar concentrations exceed those in the medium. In addition, the transport of this pentose is inhibited by the proton-conductors, 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. These data suggest that Rhodotorula cells are capable of an energy-dependent, concentrative transport of D-ribose.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1984

Transport and metabolism of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by Rhodotorula glutinis.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose transport by Rhodotorula glutinis is an active process. The intracellular concentration of free deoxyglucose after 15 min incubation of Rhodotorula cells with this sugar was 230 times the extracellular concentration. Although cell extracts at this time contained more 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate than deoxyglucose, pulse-labelling experiments demonstrated that deoxyglucose is transported as the free sugar and subsequently phosphorylated. After transport, Rhodotorula cells metabolize deoxyglucose. The major metabolites during 30-90 min incubations were determined to be 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, 2-deoxy-D-glucitol, 2-deoxy-D-gluconate and 2,2'-dideoxy-alpha, alpha'-trehalose. Rhodotorula glutinis also degrades deoxyglucose to CO2. The concentrations of intermediates in this pathway were too low to detect and resolve in extracts of control cells. In 2,4-dinitrophenol-poisoned cells, however, it appears that deoxyglucose degradation is restricted largely to loss of C-1 as CO2 and it was possible to identify 1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate as an intermediate presumably arising from metabolism of deoxyglucose by the oxidative portion of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1999

Microbiological characteristics and susceptibility patterns of strains of Rhodotorula isolated from clinical samples.

The members of the genus Rhodotorula show a marked ubiquity. In man, they have been isolated from faeces, nails, skin, sputum, digestive tract and adenoids, forming part of the normal human flora, although in recent years cases have been reported of both local and systemic infection by this yeast. There are virtually no studies in the literature on the sensitivity of this genus to the antifungal agents in common clinical use. Therefore, it is considered of interest to study the microbiological characteristics and the susceptibility patterns of Rhodotorula isolated from clinical samples. A total of 35 different strains of Rhodotorula were studied. In vitro susceptibility testing to 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole was performed. All the strains were considered sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and itraconazole and resistant to fluconazole. As a conclusion, we can state that all the antifungal agents tested, except fluconazole, are useful medicaments for the treatment of infections by the Rhodotorula genus.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiology and outcome of Rhodotorula fungemia in a tertiary care hospital.

We reviewed demographic data, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes associated with Rhodotorula fungemia in a tertiary care hospital during 2002-2005. Rhodotorula species caused fungemic episodes in 7 patients during the 4-year period that we studied. The most common predisposing factors were patients with hematological and solid malignancy receiving corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, the presence of central venous catheters, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Because of Rhodotorula species's intrinsic resistance to triazole and echinocandin antifungal agents, patients receiving fluconazole and caspofungin might be susceptible to the development of breakthrough Rhodotorula fungemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Rhodotorula pacifica sp. nov., a novel yeast species from sediment collected on the deep-sea floor of the north-west Pacific Ocean.

A novel species of the genus Rhodotorula was isolated from sediments collected on the deep-sea floor in the north-west Pacific Ocean. Strains SY-96T, isolated from the Yap Trench, and SY-246, isolated from the Iheya Ridge, had almost identical nucleotide sequences for their internal transcribed spacers and their 5.8S rDNA. Their physiological characteristics were also almost identical. The strains were assumed to be related to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Rhodotorula dairenensis based on sequence similarities in the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA. The low DNA-DNA relatedness and sequence similarity between strain SY-96T and related species revealed that strains SY-96T and SY-246 represent a hitherto unknown species. As ballistoconidia and sexual reproduction were not observed in strains SY-96T and SY-246, these strains are described as Rhodotorula pacifica sp. nov. The type strain is SY-96T (= JCM 10908T = CBS 10070T).

DNA, Fungal↗