SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Risk assessment”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

A quantitative microbial risk assessment of activated carbon point-of-use filters and the risk of Legionella pneumophila.

Activated carbon point-of-use (POU) filters have become increasingly popular. Often certified to remove lead and improve water taste, these filters are not certified to remove bacteria. In this study, we examined the effects of using POU filters on the risk posed by Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in a quantitative microbial risk assessment model. Release rates of L. pneumophila were measured for new and artificially aged (ripened) POU filters. Additionally, we measured aerosol concentrations produced by water fixtures that might have a POU filter (e.g., drinking fountain bubbler, faucet). We modeled scenarios without filters (with and without residual chlorine) and with filters (new and ripe filters), four water usage activities (drinking from a drinking fountain, handwashing, dishwashing, and showering), and three age groups (children, adults, and elderly). Systems with the highest to lowest risk were those without filters and without chlorine, those with ripe filters, those without filters and with chlorine, and finally, those with new filters. The risk of illness decreased for activities with shorter exposure times, such as drinking and handwashing. The L. pneumophila concentrations, aerosol concentrations, and exposure time had the largest impacts on the risk of illness. The maximum allowable concentration of L. pneumophila needed to achieve a 10-4 target annual risk of illness was 0.02 copies/mL. This study showed that POU filters may reduce L. pneumophila risk but only if the filter is new (≤ 1 week old before the filter ripens significantly), and other strategies for reducing L. pneumophila concentrations or decreasing exposure time may be needed to further decrease the risk of illness.

Legionella pneumophila↗

PubMed2026

The journey of fluxapyroxad, mandipropamid and mefentrifluconazole residues in two morphologically distinct chilli peppers: A comprehensive risk assessment from field to processing.

Understanding the residue fate of novel pesticides in crops is crucial for ensuring their safe application and safeguarding public health. This study examined the dissipation, processing factors (PFs), and risk assessment of fluxapyroxad, mandipropamid, and mefentrifluconazole in two morphologically distinct varieties of chilli peppers from field to processing. The half-lives of the three pesticides ranged from 5.42 to 10.05 days, following first-order kinetics. The initial residues were higher in Chaotian chilli peppers (CCP) than in long green chilli peppers (GCP). However, dissipation occurred more rapidly in CCP. Washing notably reduced the residues (PF: 0.60-0.89), whereas sun drying and oven drying concentrated them (PF: 1.92-3.74), with oven drying leading to greater concentrations. Both chronic and acute dietary risk assessments suggested acceptable risk levels for the general population. This study offers reliable guidance for the rational application of these three pesticides in chilli pepper cultivation.

Capsicum↗

PubMed2026

Review of regulatory requirements for benefit-risk assessment for medical devices: uncovering existing methodologies.

INTRODUCTION: A positive benefit-risk profile is a prerequisite for the market approval of medical devices. However, regulations are often criticized for providing limited information on benefit-risk assessment (BRA) despite growing expectations for quantitative methods. A clearer understanding of regulatory requirements, existing methodologies, and unresolved issues is needed. AREAS COVERED: Relevant regulatory documents referencing BRA for medical devices were systematically identified, with a primary focus on the European regulation followed by screening to extract BRA‑related requirements and any explicitly or implicitly described methods. The findings were analyzed and consolidated by BRA context, type, objective, methodological description, and implementation, thereby establishing a basis for the BRA methodological landscape. EXPERT OPINION: BRA is not a single concept, but a set of context‑dependent assessments across lifecycle of a medical device. BRA within clinical evaluation framed into BRAs of risk management holds a pivotal role and is supported by the most detailed methodological guidance, although BRAs in other contexts are important. A structured overview of existing BRA requirements clarifies their treatment across regulatory documents. By differentiating BRA contexts, types, objectives, and required methodological detail, the analysis supports a more transparent understanding of BRA and helps identify priorities for methodological refinement and interface clarification.

Risk Assessment↗

PubMed2026

Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic: an umbrella review.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic environmental pollutant linked to serious health risks, prompting global regulatory efforts. This study identifies major health conditions associated with iAs exposure using text network analysis, and assesses health risk assessments through an umbrella review and dose-response analysis. It synthesizes previous systematic reviews to offer a broader perspective on iAs-related health effects. An optimized text network analysis-based search strategy was applied across multiple databases to identify relevant systematic reviews. An umbrella review framework was employed to synthesize and reinterpret findings across systematic reviews. The methodological quality of included systematic reviews was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 tool. Extracted data on study characteristics, exposure levels, and risk estimates were analyzed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between iAs exposure and health outcomes. From 922 systematic reviews, 36 were included and categorized into 10 health condition groups. For example, seven SRs found a significant dose-response relationship between iAs and bladder cancer, with one systematic review reporting relative risks of 2.70, 4.20, and 5.80 at 10, 50, and 150 µg/L, respectively. Individual study analysis further showed that each 10 µg/L increase in iAs raised bladder cancer risk by 3.11 % (p=0.003). iAs exposure is associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse fetal outcomes. Dose-dependent increases in bladder cancer, lung cancer, and hypertension risks were observed. These findings support more precise health risk assessments and regulatory strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Embedding cardiovascular risk assessment into routine BTK inhibitor management in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular (CV) toxicities remain a major challenge during Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Selecting the optimal BTKi based solely on a history of overt CV disease may underestimate underlying cardiovascular vulnerability. AREAS COVERED: We performed a targeted, non-systematic review of PubMed and MEDLINE to examine the association between baseline CV comorbidities and BTKi-related CV toxicities in CLL. Current evidence indicates that preferential use of BTKis with more favorable CV safety profiles, coupled with appropriate cardio-oncology surveillance, reduces the risk of CV adverse events in patients with pre-existing CV disease. In patients without established CV disease, the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) may help identify clinically meaningful latent CV risk, enabling early optimization of modifiable risk factors in line with the proactive cardiovascular management strategy endorsed by the 2026 European Hematology Association (EHA) CLL guidelines. EXPERT OPINION: A structured, risk-adapted approach integrating standardized CV risk assessment, early management of modifiable risk factors, individualized BTKi selection, and multidisciplinary cardio-oncology collaboration may improve the safety and tolerability of BTKi therapy in CLL. Pending prospective validation, SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP should complement, rather than replace, dedicated cardio-oncology evaluation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

CT-Derived pelvic morphometry for preoperative risk assessment of recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent inguinal hernia remains a significant challenge in abdominal wall surgery despite advances in mesh-based repair techniques and minimally invasive approaches. Although pelvic skeletal morphology has been implicated in inguinal hernia development, its association with recurrent disease remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate computed tomography (CT)-derived pelvic morphometric parameters and investigate their potential value in preoperative recurrence risk assessment. METHODS: This retrospective study included 251 male patients with preoperative abdominal CT examinations and complete clinical records who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair at a tertiary referral center. After applying the predefined eligibility criteria, 188 patients with unilateral inguinal hernias constituted the primary study cohort, including 162 primary and 26 recurrent unilateral hernias. The Radoievitch angle and Ami's line were measured independently by two blinded radiology residents using a standardized CT-based pelvic morphometric measurement protocol, and the mean values were used for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the association between pelvic morphometric parameters and recurrent inguinal hernia. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent unilateral inguinal hernias demonstrated significantly greater affected-side Ami's line measurements (8.27 ± 0.63 vs. 7.90 ± 0.71 cm, p = 0.014) and larger Radoievitch angles (40.68 ± 4.02° vs. 38.80 ± 3.68°, p = 0.018) than patients with primary unilateral hernias. Both the Radoievitch angle (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p = 0.033) and Ami's line (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.14-4.49, p = 0.020) remained independently associated with recurrent inguinal hernia after adjustment for age and body mass index. ROC analysis demonstrated modest discriminatory performance (AUC 0.634 for the Radoievitch angle and 0.633 for Ami's line), while the multivariable model incorporating age, body mass index, and Ami's line showed slightly improved discrimination (AUC 0.655). CONCLUSION: CT-derived pelvic morphometric parameters were independently associated with recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia. Although their individual discriminatory performance was modest, standardized CT-based pelvimetry may serve as an objective adjunctive tool for individualized preoperative recurrence risk assessment in patients who already undergo CT imaging for unrelated clinical indications. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and determine their clinical applicability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multimodal risk assessment for oral potentially malignant disorders: Integrating patient-centered and specimen-derived data.

BACKGROUND: Oral potentially malignant disorders exhibit heterogeneous malignant transformation risk that clinical approaches fail to adequately predict. Histopathologic dysplasia grading, the reference standard of risk assessment, is associated with poor interobserver reliability and limited prognostic discrimination. It is necessary to define other potential patient- and tissue-associated risk modifiers to improve patient-specific disease prediction. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: PubMed was queried for patient- and specimen-derived factors as they relate to oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders, with preference for systematic review and meta-analysis articles published within the past 5 years. When not available, guidelines from the American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, or other national organizations or the most recent best articles were referenced to support the data presented. RESULTS: Within patient-associated factors, validated measures of tobacco and alcohol exposure, clinical lesion characteristics, systemic health factors including metabolic syndrome components, comorbidity risk, and dental health indexes were found. Within specimen-derived data, tissue-based analyses encompassing histopathology and advanced molecular profiling (genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, spatial approaches), blood-based germline and somatic mutation analysis, and saliva-based microbiome characterization and inflammatory biomarker assessment were addressed. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Malignant transformation reflects intersecting patient and specimen risk pathways that affect each patient differently; no single modality captures this complexity. Realizing precision prognostication in oral precancer will require coordinated expansion and standardization of data collection across research groups. This review is intended to guide covariate selection for prospective study design, improve reproducibility, and ultimately enable the development of validated multimodal risk prediction tools for clinical deployment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Spatiotemporal genomic analysis and risk assessment of the plasmids carrying blaOXA-48-like genes based on a large-scale international dataset.

BACKGROUND: The spread of OXA-48-like carbapenemases represents a major public health challenge. Although previous studies have investigated OXA-48-like carbapenemases risk factors, nosocomial dissemination, and plasmid dynamics, an integrated plasmid-centered framework combining complete plasmid mining, transmission-unit analysis, phylogenetic reconstruction, and machine learning-based risk assessment remains limited. METHODS: We systematically collected 747 complete plasmid sequences carrying blaOXA-48-like genes from the NCBI database, establishing the largest collections of complete plasmid sequences to date. Using an integrative framework of population genomics, phylogenetic dating, and machine learning, this study aimed to characterize the dissemination patterns, plasmid replicon diversity, transmission units, mobile genetic elements, co-resistance profiles, and risk classification of these plasmid. RESULTS: Plasmids carrying blaOXA-48-like genes were detected across 50 countries on six continents, with blaOXA-48 predominating in Europe, blaOXA-181 in South Asia, and blaOXA-232 largely in Asia. IncL and ColKP3/IncX3 replicons, together with Tn1999.2 and other MGEs, were central drivers of plasmid maintenance and spread. Sixteen transmission units were defined, with AA068_Cluster3 estimated to have originated in the Netherlands around 2005 before expanding to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and North America. Co-resistance analyses revealed frequent modules involving aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance, with qnrS1 and aph(3'')-Ib most prevalent. Notably, high-risk transposon structures were often identified in non-clinical environments, underscoring their cross-ecological transmission potential. Machine learning-based classification models showed good internal performance for predefined composite-risk categories, with plasmid mobility, clinical/non-clinical source composition, and host background contributing to the classification results. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a large-scale plasmid-centered genomic analysis of publicly available complete plasmid sequences carrying blaOXA-48-like genes, integrating transmission-unit inference, phylogeographic reconstruction, mobile genetic element and co-resistance profiling, and composite genomic risk stratification. This gene-centered framework may support future One Health-oriented antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prioritization of plasmids with higher dissemination and resistance potential.

Plasmids↗

PubMed2026

A review on the environmental distribution, toxic effects, bioaccumulation characteristics and risk assessment of short-chain chlorinated paraffins.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are synthetic chemicals, widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. As emerging contaminants, short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their persistence, chronic toxicity, long-range transport potential and bioaccumulation potential. This review synthesizes global data on SCCPs' environmental occurrence, toxicological impacts, and bioaccumulation characteristics. SCCPs are ubiquitously detected in various environmental media, including water, sediment, air, soil, and biota. Ecotoxicological studies reveal that SCCPs have lethality, carcinogenicity, growth and developmental toxicities, organs toxicities and endocrine-disrupting effects across species, which pose risks to ecological systems and human health. In addition, the bioaccumulation effects of SCCPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were analyzed, and proposed the key factors affecting the bioaccumulation of SCCPs. Finally, the risk assessment of SCCPs contamination in the surface water and the soil was carried out, and all soil and most water bodies were found to be low risk. The present study could provide scientific basis and reference for environmental management of CPs products.

Paraffin↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive source-risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water of the Dianchi Lake Basin, Yunnan, China.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments. However, investigations of their distribution in high-altitude plateau lakes remain scarce. Identifying and quantifying the sources and associated risks of OPEs are crucial for subsequent water environment management. In this study, an integrated source-risk analysis approach was employed by combining the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the Geodetector (GD) model, and risk quotient (RQ). Analysis of 14 OPEs in surface waters of the Dianchi Lake Basin (DLB) revealed 12 detectable compounds, with total OPEs concentrations (ΣOPEs) ranging from not detected (ND)-64.6 ng/L during the wet season and ND-35.8 ng/L during the dry season. Elevated ΣOPEs were primarily observed at inflow sites in the northern part of the lake and in urban rivers. Source apportionment indicated four major contributing sources: agricultural films containing flame-retardant and plasticizer additives, traffic-related particulate emissions, releases from household and personal care products, and industrial production and applications of flame retardants in plastics, electronics, and related products (the predominant source). The ecological impact caused by OPEs ranges from no risk to low risk, with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate emitted from industrial source being the primary driver of potential environmental risk. These findings highlight the necessity of prioritizing industrial sources in future management strategies. Overall, this study provides a methodological framework for source apportionment and risk assessment of OPEs and offers scientific evidence to support environmental management of OPEs in the DLB.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2025

From Diagnosis, Therapy Decision-Making to Genetic Risk Assessment: The Impact of ctDNA Testing on Comprehensive Cancer Management-A Case Report.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing is a minimally invasive alternative to tissue biopsy and is ideal for inaccessible tumors or limited samples. It captures tumor heterogeneity over time and different anatomic locations, unlike the static snapshot provided by a biopsy. In this report, we describe a 68-year-old female with an initial diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (a pancreas head mass with multiple bilateral lung nodules). Mutation profiling of the pancreatic mass biopsy using a comprehensive cancer next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was unsuccessful due to insufficient tissue. Consequently, ctDNA testing using a pan-cancer NGS panel was performed, and an EGFR p.L858R variant at 2.15% was identified. Interestingly, this activating variant is highly specific to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which raised the possibility of a synchronous tumor unrelated to the pancreatic mass. Immunohistochemistry showed the EGFR variant in station 7 lymph nodes but not in pancreatic biopsy tissue, supporting the inference that the variant originated from the lung mass. Droplet digital PCR on the limited pancreatic biopsy identified a KRAS p.Q61 variant, which was absent by ctDNA testing, suggesting a pancreatic primary with low ctDNA levels. In addition to diagnosing a primary lung cancer, ctDNA testing guided treatment decisions. With a primary EGFR p.L858R-mutant NSCLC, osimertinib was administered, resulting in a partial response within 10 months. In addition, given the synchronous primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, germline testing was performed, revealing a CDKN2A p.I49T variant consistent with melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome, prompting comprehensive cancer surveillance and familial testing. This case illustrates how ctDNA testing enabled a comprehensive evaluation by clarifying the diagnosis, identifying actionable biomarkers, and facilitating genetic risk assessment, ultimately having a significant impact on the patient's clinical management.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Oral and intrauterine contraception: a 1978 risk assessment.

This report reviews the current literature on the various risks associated with the use of oral contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices. Reports on oral contraceptives from large prospective studies are not beginning to supplement the detailed reports resulting from earlier case-control studies. These studies suggest that in Western societies there is an increase in the incidence of a variety of circulatory diseases, with an increased risk of death. With intrauterine contraceptive devices it now has been fairly well documented that there is an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. After reviewing and assessing the risks of both methods in some detail and comparing these risks to the benefits, the resultant conclusion is that the benefits continue to outweigh the risks for both methods, except for older women who choose oral contraceptives and also are heavy smokers.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed2025

The Role of Genomic-Informed Risk Assessments in Predicting Dementia Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: By integrating genetic and clinical risk factors into genomic-informed dementia risk reports, healthcare providers can offer patients detailed risk profiles to facilitate understanding of individual risk and support the implementation of personalized strategies for promoting brain health. METHODS: We constructed an additive score comprising the modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Risk Score (mCAIDE), family history of dementia, APOE genotype, and an AD polygenic risk score in NACC and ADNI, and assessed its association with progression to all-cause dementia. RESULTS: 81% of participants had at least one high-risk indicator for dementia, with each additional risk indicator linked to a 34% increase in the hazard of dementia onset. DISCUSSION: We found that most participants in memory and aging clinics had at least one high-risk indicator for dementia. Furthermore, we observed a dose-response relationship where a greater number of risk indicators was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia.

dementia risk scores↗

PubMed2025

Nodules-associated Klebsiella oxytoca complex: genomic insights into plant growth promotion and health risk assessment.

The swift emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across interconnected One Health compartments poses a significant global threat. Although plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria possess numerous attributes beneficial to host plants, many of these bacteria also harbor ARGs, necessitating a focused assessment of their negative implications. In this context, here we performed whole genome sequencing of 14 PGP endophytic strains isolated from root nodules of faba beans, belonging to three Klebsiella oxytoca species complex (KoSC): K. grimontii (n = 5), K. michiganensis (n = 5), and K. pasteurii (n = 4). We performed comparative genomics, molecular typing, and pangenome analyses on these strains. We identified significant diversity within the KoSC population, classifying the strains into five sequence types (STs), three of which are novel to this study (ST-542, ST-569, and ST-629). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the bacterial strains clustered more closely by ST than by their source of isolation. Annotation of gene clusters indicated that all assembled genomes are enriched with genes involved in PGP activities, alongside a robust array of genes conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses. Importantly, our findings disclosed that the 14 assembled genomes harbored multiple ARGs, conferring resistance to various antibiotic classes, with 71% of the population classified as multidrug-resistant based on the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility assay. Furthermore, all genomes contained an array of virulence factors critical for survival, pathogenesis, biofilm formation, and root colonization. In conclusion, this study substantiates the hypothesis that certain PGP bacteria may serve as potential reservoirs of multidrug resistance, posing significant public health risks. Thus, the future advancement of bacteria-based biofertilizers should integrate environmental considerations and monitor their impact on antibiotic resistance dissemination in soil ecosystems.

Klebsiella oxytoca↗

PubMed2026

Watershed-scale risk assessment of cadmium contamination in Chinese cropland soils: Dual pathways of irrigation input and flood-driven transport.

Irrigation and flood events serve as critical pathways for the transport of cadmium (Cd) from industrial sources into cropland soils at the watershed scale, constituting a major driver of widespread Cd contamination in China's cropland soil. This study evaluated the risk of Cd contamination in cropland soils across China's nine major river basins at the watershed scale, focusing on the contributions of irrigation and flood events, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of key risk factors. The assessment was conducted within a framework that considered factors including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The results revealed that numerous watersheds in southeastern China are exposed to dual pressures of Cd contamination risks in cropland soils, driven by both irrigation practices and flood events. Watersheds categorized as High-High, High-Moderate, or Moderate-High risk, reflecting combined Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood, are vital to China's grain production, contributing 67.1 % of the national cropland area and 66.4 % of the grain yield. The study suggests localized strategies for managing cropland soils Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood at the watershed scale in China, alongside strengthened cross-regional collaboration in southeastern China.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2026

Chronic postsurgical pain: risk assessment and mitigation.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and persistent postoperative opioid use (PPOU) are two of the most common complications of a number of surgical interventions, which can cause significant personal and economic negative consequences. This review outlines known and potential risk factors for CPSP and PPOU and approaches to reduce these risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS: Modifiable risk factors for developing CPSP include psychological distress, preoperative pain intensity, and perioperative opioid exposure. Although less studied, psychological comorbidities are also risk factors for PPOU. Evidence-based mitigation strategies include psychological interventions and perioperative opioid sparing. SUMMARY: A number of perioperative risk factors for developing CPSP and PPOU have been identified, and anesthesiologists should be cognizant of these risk factors and potential risk mitigation strategies. Additional prospective studies are needed to further develop easily adoptable, evidence-based interventions to reduce the incidence of CPSP and PPOU.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Bioaccumulation Patterns of Potentially Toxic Elements in Three Grouper Species from the Nizampatnam Coast, India: Multivariate Analysis and Risk Assessment.

The Indian Bay of Bengal coast represents an important marine fishing area and serves as a significant source of dietary protein for consumers. These highlights growing concerns regarding the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fish and the associated environmental and human health risks linked to their consumption. Thus, this study aims to assess the accumulation of PTEs (As (arsenic), Sr (strontium), Ti (titanium), Be (beryllium), Cd (cadmium), Sb (antimony), Pb (lead), Hg (mercury), and Li (lithium)) in the muscles of three groupers. The highest value (29.88 ± 0.17 µg/g dry wt.) was observed in Epinephelus areolatus for As, and the lowest in E. bleekeri for Be (0.59 ± 0.20 µg/kg dry wt.). Multivariate analyses (PCA and HCA) confirmed a very close relationship among the As, Cd, Sb, Ti, and Be, while Pb, Hg, Th, and Li had their own specific habitats of bioaccumulation, implying distinct inputs of PTE. Health risk evaluations reveal that As was the most hazardous PTE, with the incidence of toxic effects and cancer risk, especially for habitual consumers. However, Ti is the most hazardous PTE, posing the highest non-carcinogenic risk of the studied species. Metal-protein docking further showed the strong binding of Pb2+ and Sr2+ to Nrf2, p53, and DNMT1, indicating potential disruption of redox regulation, genomic stability, and epigenetic control. The findings indicate that the intake of the specified grouper species poses a significant arsenic-related health risk to people, underscoring the necessity for ongoing monitoring and management of PTE contaminants in fisheries.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Multimodal features and prognostic risk assessment in locally advanced gastric cancer patients following neoadjuvant therapy based on machine learning algorithms: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is recommended for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), but some patients respond poorly. We aimed to construct a multimodal model integrating CT images, transcriptomic sequencing, and clinicopathological data to assess prognosis in LAGC patients receiving NAT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter study included 505 LAGC patients who underwent NAT. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative CT images of 505 patients. RNA-seq was performed on 277 post-NAT specimens, with additional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases (n = 804). Patients were divided into training (168 cases), internal validation (72 cases), and external validation cohorts. Machine learning algorithms identified key radiomic, molecular, and clinical features associated with NAT response, which were then integrated into a multimodal model to predict overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Six radiomic and three molecular features significantly associated with NAT response were selected. Radiomic risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.0, P < 0.001) and molecular risk (HR: 7.1, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. By integrating radiomic risk, molecular risk, and clinical characteristics, a multimodal model (MuMo) was constructed.The C-index results (OS, C-index = 0.855; DFS, C-index = 0.786) demonstrated that MuMo outperformed the single-modality models and ypTNM staging.Mechanistic analysis suggested that the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy was significantly enriched in immune-inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS: MuMo can effectively predict postoperative survival risk in LAGC patients receiving NAT, serving as a powerful tool for optimizing prognostic assessment.

Humans↗