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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Action of robenidine on the intestinal transport and digestion of nutrients in rabbit.

Robenidine is an anticoccidial guanidine used as an additive in rabbit fodder. Because its action is restricted to the small intestine, the present work addresses the question whether robenidine affects the growth of the animals, sugar and amino acid intestinal transport and membrane-bound intestinal digestion. For this purpose we have determined the intestinal transport of the substrates, and the enzymatic activity of neutral aminopeptidase and sucrase. We have found that robenidine diminishes the tissue accumulation of L-leucine and D-galactose at long incubation times, and increases the transepithelial mucosal to serosal flux of both substrates. These results suggest that robenidine may stimulate the enterocyte basolateral membrane flux of sugars and neutral amino acids. These results have been corroborated by means of isolated brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles. Apart from these effects, robenidine has also been shown to increase the enzymatic activity of neutral aminopeptidase and sucrase and thus resulting in a better digestion of nutrients.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1976

Eimeria tenella: experimental studies on the development of resistance to robenidine.

The development of resistance by the Houghton strain (H) of E. tenella to robenidine has been studied in the laboratory, by serially passaging the strain in chickens fed increasing concentrations of drug. Resistance to robenidine developed more readily in experiments using larger numbers of birds with higher numbers of oocysts in the inoculum. Both these factors increased the parasite population and increased the chance of selecting parasites resistant to the drug. E. tenella (H) was made resistant to 264 ppm robenidine and showed no cross-resistance to other anticoccidial agents. Resistance arose in a series of 'steps' as the concentration of drug was increased. E. tenella (H) was continuously passaged at concentrations ranging from 2 to 33 ppm of robenidine. After 16 passages, lines passaged at 2,4 and 8 ppm were not resistant to 33 ppm robenidine, suggesting that the degree of resistance developed was dependent upon the drug selection pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Drug resistance in coccidia: a robenidine-resistant strain of eimeria tenella.

Tests for resistance to a recently introduced anticoccidial drug, robenidine, were performed on a strain of Eimeria tenella recovered from broiler chickens infected with acute cecal coccidiosis. The strain was identified previously and again confirmed by the timing of mortality of the infected chickens (five to six days postinfection), the appearance of lesions and parasites in ceca only, and the measurements (21.6 +/- 1.9 micron X 19.8 +/- 2.4 micron) of the oocysts. The tests showed that the strain of E. tenella could establish infections in chickens medicated with fourfold the recommended level of robenidine in feed but no oocysts could be recovered from the feces of infected chickens when the level of drug was increased to eightfold. The decrease in mortality, in the severity of lesions and oocyst output and the increase in the average weight gain of infected chickens followed closely the increase in the level of robenidine in feed. In contrast, no infections were found in chickens infected with a sensitive strain of E. tenella and maintained on feed mixed with the recommended level of robenidine. This and other findings discussed here show that resistance to robenidine is developing in coccidia commonly found in broiler houses.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Field trial with the coccidiostatics metichlorpindol and robenidine in a rabbit farm.

The effect of metichlorpindol and robenidine in broiler rabbits was examined. Administration of 125 ppm metichlorpindol did not reduce mortality and oocyst output significantly. In comparison with unmedicated rabbits, weight gain of metichlorpindol medicated rabbits was 4.76% lower after seven seeks of treatment, whereas feed conversion was improved by 1.87%. There was no effect on the production index. Medication with 33 and 66 ppm robenidine resulted in a significant reduction of mortality and oocyst output (0.05 > P > 0.01). The effect on oocyst reduction became already significant after two weeks of treatment. After four weeks both robenidine medicated groups gained significantly (0.05 > P > 0.01) more weight than metichlorpindol medicated and non medicated rabbits. After seven weeks of medication only the 66 ppm medicated group gained significantly (0.05 > P > 0.01) more weight than the 125 ppm metichlorpindol medicated group. In comparison with non medicated rabbits weight gain was 3.46% better. Feed conversion was improved by 6.76 and 6.55% at 33 and 66 ppm levels respectively, while the production index was improved by 19% and 22% respectively in comparison with non medicated and metichlorpindol medicated rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of robenidine hydrochloride.

High-pressure liquid chromatography has been applied to the separation and analysis of robenidine hydrochloride in the presence of its chemical precursors. It provides a rapid and specific method for the analysis of robenidine in technical material as well as feed premixes and is capable of distinguishing the intact drug from its degradation products. The chromatographic system employs a mixture of methanol, acetic acid, and methylene chloride as the mobile phase and a controlled pore glass as the stationary phase. Sample manipulation has been automated in 2 ways. In the first, manually prepared samples are automatically injected onto the column for separation and quantitation. In the second, a totally automated sample handling system, weighed samples are extracted, diluted, filtered, and then injected onto the column, all in a sequential manner. These procedures are capable of giving quantitative results at a rate of 10 samples/hr with a relative standard deviation of 1.13%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Immunity and effect of clopidol/methyl benzoquate and robenidine before and after weaning on rabbit coccidiosis in the field.

For 15 months the anticoccidial effect of 200 ppm clopidol/methyl benzoquate and of 50 ppm robenidine, and the development of immunity against five different species of Eimeria were followed in a closed rabbit population. In unmedicated rabbits, oocyst output decreased progressively with increasing age to a very low level in animals older than four months, but none of the species present disappeared completely in adult animals. No clinical symptoms nor mortality from coccidiosis was noted in reproduction stock. In field conditions E magna and E perforans seemed to induce the weakest resistance, whereas a more marked resistance has been found for E intestinalis and E irresidua. E media appeared to have an intermediate position. Robenidine reduced oocyst output of E magna, E intestinalis, E irresidua, E media and E perforans significantly, whereas clopidol/methyl benzoquate reduced oocyst output of the latter four species only and was least active against E magna. Both drugs also reduced coccidiosis-induced mortality significantly. Medication only before weaning had no distinct influence on coccidial infection, or on mortality by coccidiosis after weaning; nor did those parameters differ significantly between continuously medicated rabbits and rabbits medicated after weaning only. As reproductive stock is protected by immunity, this makes the necessity of medicating does and bucks with anticoccidials questionable in intensive or semi-intensive reproduction systems.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Robenidine resistance in Eimeria tenella.

Robenidine protected chickens against cecal coccidiosis infections initiated by a strain of the parasite that had no previous exposure to drugs. No cross resistance was found with 13 strains resistant to other anticoccidials. A strain of Eimeria tenella that was serially propagated in chickens fed mash containing robenidine became resistant to the chemical. No cross resistance was detected when this experimental strain was tested against 12 other anticoccidials.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Polarographic determination of robenidine residues in chicken tissues, eggs, litter, soil, and plant tissue.

Polarographic residue methods have been developed for determining robenidine (Robenz), 1,3-bis[p-chlorobenzylidene)amino]-guanidine monohydrochloride, in chicken tissues, eggs, litter, soil, and plants. The compound is extracted from chicken fat, skin, muscle, liver, and eggs with ethyl acetate; from blood with acetone; from plant tissue, litter, and kidney with acidic acetone; and from soil with basic methanol. After extraction by high-speed blending or overnight shaking, the extract is cleaned up by evaporation, solvent partition and/or elution from CG-50 ion exchange resin. Robenidine is quantitated by differential cathode ray polarography, using acidic aqueous methanol or acetic acid (1+1) supporting electrolyte. Recoveries ranged from 64 to 125% with an average overall recovery of 90%. The validated sensitivity is 0.1 ppm for chicken tissues, soil, and plants, 0.01 ppm for eggs, and 1 ppm for litter.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Robenidine-dependence in a strain of Eimeria maxima.

A robenidine-resistant strain of Eimeria maxima was found to be drug-dependent and developed satisfactorily only in birds which were receiving the drug in the diet. Normal parasite development occurred in the presence of 132 ppm of robenidine in the food.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Chemotherapy of experimental toxoplasmosis with special reference to robenidine.

Robenidine as an anticoccidial agent alone (in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg) or in association with two other antiprotozoal compounds--pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (in doses of 2.5 and 250 mg/kg, respectively) were tested in the treatment of chronically infected mice with an avirulent cyst-forming HF strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The efficacy of the used drugs was evaluated by the cysts number in the brains of treated mice versus control group, antibody level and viability of survived cysts by the consecutive infection of mice. According to these criteria none of the tested drugs alone or combined exhibited to be able to produce an effective cure of cyst-stage of toxoplasmosis in experimental mice.

Animals↗