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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Persistent infection of BHK21/WI-2 cells with rubella virus and characterization of rubella variants.

Persistently infected cell lines of BHK21/WI-2 cells have been established by infection with the wild type rubella virus strain M-33. These cell lines, BHK-MP1 and BHK-MP2, showed immunity-like resistance to superinfection with M-33 virus at both 34 degrees and 39.5 degrees C. They also showed intrinsic interference with the replication of Newcastle Disease Virus at 34 degrees C but not at 39.5 degrees C. They released a small number of infectious virus particles which were temperature sensitive variants, being able to form plaques at 34 degrees C, but not at 39.5 degrees C on BHK21/WI-2 and on its derivative, BSR. When BHK-MP1 cells were cultured at 34 degrees C in growth medium containing 10--20 microgram/ml of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BudR) there was a 5- to 10-fold increase in infectious virus in the medium as compared with the untreated controls. Mitomycin C (0.5 microgram/ml) treatment for 7 hours likewise stimulated the release of virus from these cells. The enhancement of viral release by BudR was completely blocked by pretreatment with actinomycin D (5 microgram/ml) for 3 hours prior to BudR treatment. Since the variant can be induced by these prophage inducers and inhibited by actinomycin D it is suggested that the viral genome is converted to a DNA provirus which is analogous to the lysogenic state of bacteriophage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differences of capacity of human erythrocytes of newborn infants and adults and trypsin-treated erythrocytes to bind rubella virus hemagglutinin].

Rubella virus hemagglutinating (HA) antigen shows different titers against non treated, trypsin-modified and cord blood human erythrocytes. Trypsin-modified erythrocytes give titers eleven fold higher, and cord blood red cells sixteen fold higher than those seen with the non treated cells. These differences in sensitivity agree with a different ability to bind HA antigen: with an excess of antigen cord blood erythrocytes bind two, and trypsin-modified erythrocytes three times as much antigen was bound by non treated cells. The amount of bound antigen shows little or no dependence on 4 degrees or 37 degrees C temperatures.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pathogenesis of the rubella exanthem: distribution of rubella virus in the skin during rubella with and without rash.

In a previous assessment of the role of rubella virus in the pathogenesis of the rubella exanthem, virus was consistently isolated from cell cultures of skin biopsy specimens of the rash, and it was concluded that presence of virus in the skin was essential to evolution of the rash. For determination of whether virus is present in the skin only in association with rash, punch biopsies were performed concurrently on areas of skin with and without rash. Among paired skin specimens of 16 patients, virus was isolated from sites of rash in 12 and from the uninvolved skin in 10. In another patient, shown by serologic response and recovery of virus from the pharynx to have rubella without a rash, virus was also isolated from the skin. It is concluded that rubella virus is widely disseminated in the skin of patients with rubella irrespective of the presence or distribution of the rash, and that the presence of virus in the skin, although a constant feature of the disease, is only one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the exanthem.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Absence of cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus 5 years after rubella vaccination.

The long-term effectiveness of rubella vaccination in childhood is particularly important because the ultimate goal of immunization is the prevention of infection during pregnancy. Of 25 healthy children tested 4 to 5 years after rubella vaccination, 19 showed no evidence of cell-mediated immunity (CM) to rubella virus despite the presence of hemagglutination-inhibition or complement-fixation antibodies or both. Twenty-two of 25 seropositive, naturally infected young adults showed evidence of CMI. These results indicate that fetuses of women who have been vaccinated against rubella may not be protected against damage by wild rubella infection during the pregnancy, when CMI is physiologically depressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of rubella virus from brain in chronic progressive panencephalitis.

Rubella virus was isolated from the brain of a congenitally-infected, 12-year-old child in whom progressive mental and motor deterioration became evident at age 8 and 11 years respectively. The virus was initially isolated in a co-culture of CV-I cells with the trypsinized brain tissue; subsequently the culture of the brain tissue also showed evidence of rubella virus infection recognized by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) using anti-rubella virus antibody prepared in rabbits as intermediate serum. Both isolates interfered with infection of BSC-I cell lines by echovirus type II. The interfering virus was identified as rubella virus by IFA with the specific antiserum, and it is designated as the NTr strain of rubella virus. The complement fixing antibody titre to rubella virus in serum was I:256. The spinal fluid was anticomplementary. Rubella virus haemagglutinating antibody titre (HI) in serum was I:8196 and in the spinal fluid I:128. The HI antibody was of the IgG class. The corresponding HI titres to rubeola virus in serum and spinal fluid were I:8 and less than I:2 respectively.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Immunosuppression and isolation of rubella virus from human lymphocytes after vaccination with two rubella vaccines.

Two groups of young rubella-susceptible women were vaccinated with two rubella vaccines. Heparinized blood samples were taken from all individuals the day of vaccination and 5, 7, 15, 21, 30, 35, and 42 days later. Purified lymphocytes from these samples were cocultivated with AGMK cells for rubella virus isolation. Parallel samples of lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and the rate of [14C]thymidine incorporation was determined. Rubella virus was isolated from lymphocytes collected on days 7, 15, and 21 after RA27/3 vaccination in contrast to days 7 to 35 after HPV77 vaccination. The lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was markedly suppressed from day 5 to 15. Normal lymphocyte responses were restored within 1 month after vaccination with RA27/3, but even later (1 week) after HPV77 vaccine. Lymphocytes from rubella-susceptible persons infected invitro with rubella virus vaccines and stimulated with phytohemagglutin displayed a decrease in their responsiveness to the mitogen similar to that observed with lymphocytes from vaccinees. The transient immunosuppression observed in vaccinees is probably due to virus-induced functional damage of the lymphocytes since no direct cytocidal effect of rubella vaccine has been demonstrated on human lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cytotoxic activity against rubella-infected cells in the supernatants of human lymphocyte cultures stimulated by rubella virus.

Supernatant fluids of lymphocyte cultures from rubella-seropositive donors, stimulated with inactivated rubella virus, showed cytotoxic activity against rubella-infected target cells (NYU 32 line of human embryonic fibroblasts) but not against uninfected fibroblasts. The time of appearance of cytotoxic activity in rubella-stimulated lymphocyte cultures correlated with increased rate of DNA synthesis as measured by thymidine uptake. No such cytotoxic activity became detectable in the supernatants of lymphocyte cultures from rubella-seronegative donors cultured in the presence of rubella virus, or in unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from seropositive or seronegative donors. The cytotoxic activity was lost at 60degreesC in 30 min. In contrast to this rubella virus-induced cytotoxic activity, cytotoxin produced in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures from rubella seropositive and seronegative donors was equally cytocidal against rubella-infected and uninfected human fibroblasts. Although the nature of cytotoxic activity remains to be characterized, it is suggested that it is associated with a lymphokine released immune-specifically from rubella virus-stimulated lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

In vitro effects of Rubella virus, strain RA 27/3, on human lymphocytes. II. Specific antigen stimulation in relation to Rubella haemagglutination inhibition antibodies.

Investigation has been made of the specific in vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes by live or inactivated rubella virus of the strain RA 27/3. The thymidine incorporation of lymphocytes from blood donors with different serological immunity against rubella was measured following incubation with the viral antigens. UV-inactivated rubella virus caused a moderate degree of stimulation of lymphocytes from seropositive individuals. On the other hand, live rubella virus stimulated lymphocytes from donors with low titres of anti-rubella HI-antibodies but not lymphocytes from donors with high antibody titres. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Teratogenic properties of freshly isolated strains of rubella virus in experiments on animals].

Teratogenic properties of rubella virus circulating in the Soviet Union were studied in animal experiments. After inoculation of the virus to white rats on the 5th day of pregnancy, an increased number of resorptions, a decrease in the number and weight of the embryos were observed. In some rats hydramnion was observed. The newborn rats of the infected mothers showed a higher lethality and some delay in weight gain as compared to the control animals, as well as hydrocephaly and microcephaly (2.2%). Persistence of rubella virus hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in many infected rats and their progeny was established. The results indicate that the national s-rains of rubella virus affect the course of pregnancy and development of progeny in white rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Rubella-virus infection in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Antibody activity against mumps, measles, polio, and rubella viruses was determined in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (J.R.A.), rubella-vaccine associated arthritis, adult rheumatoid arthritis, other chronic systemic disorders (e.g., systemic lupus and dermatomyositis), and in a matched population of normal, non-rheumatoid (control) children. The antibody levels against mumps, measles, and poliovirus were similar in all patients. Rubella-antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic disorders were similar to those observed in controls. The mean rubella-antibody levels in rubella-vaccine arthritis were 4 times higher than in controls. The IgM and IgG rubella-antibody levels in J.R.A. were found to be 4-6 times higher when compared to titres observed in the controls. Highest antibody levels were seen in younger children with J.R.A. Detection of rubella-virus antigen was attempted by immunofluorescence in the sediment smears of synovial fluid of patients with J.R.A., adult rheumatoid arthritis, and other non-rheumatoid joint diseases. Specific staining for rubella virus antigen was observed in the synovial fluid of 33 percent of patients with J.R.A. No antigen was detected in the synovial fluid from other patients. These observations suggest a possible role of rubella-virus infection in J.R.A.

Adolescent↗