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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Rural development and rural to urban migration in China 1978-1990.

"Economic reforms since the late 1970s have brought about significant changes in rural China. A large number of surplus rural labourers have been released from the agricultural sector and there has been a massive transition of rural residents from agricultural to non-agricultural employment. These changes will be analyzed by examining the changes in the employment structure of rural residents.... It is found that town and country populations tended to move to towns at the intra-provincial level, but to cities at the interprovincial level. Out-migrants from cities tended to move to cities at both the intra- and inter-provincial levels."

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Ecological approaches to rural development projects.

Most rural development projects include ecological considerations, and most conservation projects include some reference to sustainable development. However, conservation projects frequently fail because they do not incorporate local communities' perceptions and needs. Many development projects are also unsuccessful because they are not based on adequate ecological assessment. We focus here on the most important ecological issues to be addressed in order to place development projects in an ecosystem context. Such projects should incorporate updated and precise ecological concepts and methods. Some key ecological issues in development projects are the relationships between ecosystem functions, services, and sustainability, the concept of loose connectivity, the distinct and complementary concepts of ecosystem resistance and resilience, and the links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We claim that an ecologically sound development project maximizes the preservation and improvement of ecosystem services, especially for local communities. We pose a series of questions aimed at placing rural development projects in an ecosystem context and suggest ways of organizing this information.

Ecology↗
PubMed2003

Transforming the delivery of rural health care in Georgia: state partnership strategy for developing rural health networks.

Since 1996, 19 networks covering 74 of the 117 rural counties in Georgia have emerged. This grassroots transformation of rural health care occurred through a series of partnerships launched by state government officials. These partnerships brought together national and state organizations to pool resources for investment in an evolving long-term strategy to develop rural health care networks. The strategy leveraged resources from partners, resulting in greater impact. Change was triggered and accelerated using an intensive, flexible technical assistance effort amplified by developmental grants to communities. These grants were made available for structural and organizational change in the community that would eventually lead to improved access and health status. Georgia's strategy for developing rural health networks consisted of 3 elements: a clear state vision and mission; investment partnerships; and proactive, flexible technical assistance. Retrospectively, it seems that the transformation occurred as a result of 5 phases of investment by state government and its partners. The first 2 phases involved data gathering as well as the provision of technical assistance to individual communities. The next 3 phases moved network development to a larger scale by working with multiple counties to create regional networks. The 5 phases represent increasing knowledge about and commitment to the vision of access to care and improved health status for rural populations.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1986

Rural development and primary health care in less developed countries.

The traditional approach has been to regard health activities as a small component of rural development programmes. Under the Primary Health Care approach health is seen as the lever for rural development. But there are tendencies in the implementation of Primary Health Care in less developed countries towards limiting the range of activities to preventive and curative personal health services and of denuding it of its community development orientation. This paper highlights some of the issues that seem to militate against the establishment of Primary Health Care with its full complement of rural development activities. These activities together with the preventive and curative personal health services undertaken in the framework of community development promise to lead to the achievement of the hitherto elusive goal of improving the socioeconomic and health status of the rural population of less developed countries.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Integrated waste management for rural development in Egypt.

Rural areas generate a large amount of plant and animal residues that can be recycled and utilized instead of relocation and/or burning. This will lead to increasing the benefits from agricultural sector in rural communities and ensuring a better environment. To increase the economic output and environmental benefits of recycling agricultural residues, integrated system should be considered, e.g., energy--compost-recycled water system; composting--co-composting system; food-feed compost system, ensilage of crop residues. The present work was a pilot study for optimizing integrated systems for bioconversion agricultural residues completed by establishing a Training Center for Recycling Agricultural Residues (TCRAR) thereby ensuring the dissemination of the technical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects to farmers, live stock producers, extensions service staff, and private sector. Three integrated subsystems for bioconversion of agricultural residues were developed. They were based on (i) energy--manure-recycled water system, (ii) composting and co-composting system, and (iii) food-feed/compost system.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Environmental alternatives for rural development: the case of Oaxaca, Mexico.

This article examines various environmental alternatives within the context of forest resource-dependent communities of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Two main objectives were to describe particular rural development routes among different Mexican communities, and to explain why certain environmental options for rural development are selected over others. While many communities choose either sustainable or illegal logging options in Oaxaca, some may decide against logging of any kind. Four principal forest-based community categories, according to a government forest classification scheme, are discussed in the context of environmental alternatives for this article. Based on this typology, two "integrated forest management" communities in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca are described and compared. One community's decision not to log within a shared land arrangement has caused significant tensions in the region. Key findings illustrate the extent to which rural communities can make appropriate environmental decisions and examines their effects on environmental and social sustainability. Increased rural involvement in environmental decision-making is called for, since rural residents are those most likely to appreciate nearby natural resources as a source of sustainable livelihoods. It is expected that this research may be applicable to rural areas of other countries.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2000

The application of ergonomics in rural development: a review.

The importance of ergonomics issues in rural development is highlighted in this paper. Some examples are given of the contribution that ergonomics has already made to industrially developing countries, cases which are mainly concentrated in the industrial sector. Key areas for future ergonomics research are identified, focusing on the needs of communities living and working in the agricultural sector where most of the population in the industrially developing world is located.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Rural development, household food safety, and nutrition in western Honduras].

The authors studied the impact of a rural development project on household food security and nutrition. A quasi-experimental study design was used to compare the experience of members of thirteen Honduran small-holder farmers groups which had already received a year of credit and technical assistance, with another thirteen groups which had just joined the project, and thirteen control communities. All these communities were followed-up for one year (March/April 1997-March/April 1998). Farmers participating in the project showed a greater increase in maize stores than farmers in the control communities (p = 0.01), but did not increase their dietary energy consumption. There was, however, a small improvement in their dietary diversity (p = 0.01). The impact of the project on the nutritional status of under 5's was complex. The study underlined the importance of monitoring the impact of programs which may affect food and nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Paediatric trauma in the rural developing world: low cost measures to improve outcome.

We reviewed 181 injured children admitted to a rural African hospital from 1987 to 1990 to ascertain factors influencing survival and functional outcome. Burns were the most common (39 per cent), occurred in the youngest patients, and were due to domestic scalding in 54 per cent of cases. Of the patients, 65 per cent presented more than 24 h after injury and 81 per cent presented without any previous treatment. Major disability occurred in 14 per cent of survivors and was associated with Injury Severity Score (ISS), extremity injury, and delayed presentation. Mortality was associated with the ISS. The mean ISS was 6.3. An ISS of 20-25 was associated with 75 per cent mortality. Trauma caused 8 per cent of hospital deaths in the 5-19 years age group. To reduce the mortality and disability from paediatric trauma in the rural developing world, we recommend: (i) prevention strategies targeting domestic burns in younger children, (ii) increased attention to care of extremity injuries and burns, and (iii) increased use of non-medical health care providers in more remote areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Impact of snakebites in rural environment: community survey in the rural development community (DRC) of Frilguiagbe, Republic of Guinea].

An exhaustive study has been carried out in the rural development community (DRC) of Frilguiagbe, located at 115 km from Conakry in the Conakry-Kindia highway. It concerns a population of 23,442 inhabitants divided into 3,047 households. The survey was carried out at three levels:--community level;--health centres;--traditional healers. In the household survey made between 2002 and 2003, 175 snakebites cases were recorded. In health centres, only two (2) cases were recorded from 1993 to 2003. On the other hand, 80% (=140) of the cases registered in the households have consulted a traditional healer. On the whole, there were 9 deaths (5%). Such a result shows that the collect of information from the consultation registers is not appropriate to appraise the importance of envenomations in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The management of sick young infants at primary health centres in a rural developing country.

AIMS: To investigate the epidemiology of illness among young infants at remote health clinics in a rural developing country, and to determine risk factors for mortality that might be used as triggers for emergency treatment or referral. METHODS: Multi-site 12 month observational study of consecutive presentations of infants less than 2 months, and an investigation of neonates who died in one district without accessing health care. RESULTS: Forty per cent of 511 young infant presentations occurred in the first week of life and most of these in the first 24 hours. Twenty five deaths were recorded: 18 in the health facilities and seven in villages. In addition there were eight stillbirths. Clinical signs predicting death were: not able to feed, fast respiratory rate, apnoea, cyanosis, "too small", "skin-cold", and severe abdominal distension. Signs indicating severe respiratory compromise were present in 25% of young infants; failure to give oxygen therapy was a modifiable factor in 27% of deaths within health facilities. A high proportion of seriously ill young infants were discharged from health facilities early without adequate follow up. A common reason for not seeking care for fatally ill neonates was the perception by parents that health staff would respond negatively to their social circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical signs with moderate positive predictive value for death may be useful triggers for emergency treatment and longer observation or urgent referral. The results of this study may be useful in planning strategies to address high neonatal mortality rates in developing countries.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1983

Rural Development Loan Fund--Office of Community Services. HHS. Proposed rule.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services proposes new regulations governing the Rural Development Loan Fund [RDLF]. These regulations embody changes in existing regulations [45 CFR Subpart 1076.50] including a new definition of "rural" and certain amendments and refinements to clarify and make more specific the requirements of the regulations with a view toward strengthening the administration of the program.

Community Health Services↗