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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Rural development and primary health care in less developed countries.

The traditional approach has been to regard health activities as a small component of rural development programmes. Under the Primary Health Care approach health is seen as the lever for rural development. But there are tendencies in the implementation of Primary Health Care in less developed countries towards limiting the range of activities to preventive and curative personal health services and of denuding it of its community development orientation. This paper highlights some of the issues that seem to militate against the establishment of Primary Health Care with its full complement of rural development activities. These activities together with the preventive and curative personal health services undertaken in the framework of community development promise to lead to the achievement of the hitherto elusive goal of improving the socioeconomic and health status of the rural population of less developed countries.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Paediatric trauma in the rural developing world: low cost measures to improve outcome.

We reviewed 181 injured children admitted to a rural African hospital from 1987 to 1990 to ascertain factors influencing survival and functional outcome. Burns were the most common (39 per cent), occurred in the youngest patients, and were due to domestic scalding in 54 per cent of cases. Of the patients, 65 per cent presented more than 24 h after injury and 81 per cent presented without any previous treatment. Major disability occurred in 14 per cent of survivors and was associated with Injury Severity Score (ISS), extremity injury, and delayed presentation. Mortality was associated with the ISS. The mean ISS was 6.3. An ISS of 20-25 was associated with 75 per cent mortality. Trauma caused 8 per cent of hospital deaths in the 5-19 years age group. To reduce the mortality and disability from paediatric trauma in the rural developing world, we recommend: (i) prevention strategies targeting domestic burns in younger children, (ii) increased attention to care of extremity injuries and burns, and (iii) increased use of non-medical health care providers in more remote areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Interdisciplinary field training research and rural development programme.

The programme outlined is an interdisciplinary activity involving students working as groups in villages. It runs through the educational programme in summer blocks of 6 weeks each. It blends medical education with rural development and it is hoped to develop in students team-work and community orientation as well as research skills. The purpose of the communication is to exchange ideas in this field and hopefully receive some comments and views from readers and at the same time pave the way for support, financial or otherwise.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Toward a synergism of rural development and community psychology.

It is a common experience that all social intervention programs planned and executed for social amelioration have not met with success. The major thesis of this article is that parallel growth of two subfields: rural development and community psychology, may not be coincidental, and the recent trends in Indian psychology readily lead themselves to a union between the two. The attempts to intervene in two different communities (heterogeneous and homogeneous) have proved an eye-opener for future interventions.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1984

Rural development strategies and their health and nutrition-mediated effects on fertility: a review of the literature.

In this review of literature sources from several relevant disciplines, the author attempts to examine the support for theoretical linkages between rural development strategies, on the one hand, and the possible effects of these strategies on fertility rates. Nutrition and health status of women and children are interposed as intermediate effects. Development strategies are classified according to their objectives, whether to promote community participation, to increase agricultural production and productivity, to extend services to populations or, finally, to raise income. In terms of possible fertility outcomes, strategies emphasizing extension of services, especially health and nutrition services, are viewed as most effective. Community participation is essential but not sufficient for the process. Increasing agricultural production and productivity appears to depend for its effectiveness on how equitably benefits are distributed, whether food production is increased as part of the program, and whether health, nutrition and family planning are specific components. Raising income, finally, is effective only if food and services are equitably distributed.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

Trauma outcomes in the rural developing world: comparison with an urban level I trauma center.

Trauma is well known as a major cause of death and disability in the developed world, but has been inadequately studied in developing nations. We reviewed 539 trauma patients admitted from 1987 through 1991 to a rural African hospital, the Holy Family Hospital (HFH) in Berekum, Ghana, and compared these results with 14,270 patients admitted during the same period to a level I trauma center, the Harborview Medical Center (HMC) in Seattle, Washington. At HFH, 59% of patients were seen > 24 hours after injury, compared with 4% of HMC patients (p < 0.001). Only 25% of HFH patients received prehospital care, compared with 82% of HMC patients (p < 0.001). Mean ISS was higher at HMC (10.0 +/- 6.3) than a HFH (6.7 +/- 6.5) (p < 0.001), but trauma mortality rates were identical (6%) at both institutions. Neurologic injuries were the leading cause of death at both HFH (62%) and HMC (54%). There was no significant difference between institutions in mortality for patients with ISS 1-8 (HMC: 0.7% n = 6390; HFH: 0.3%, n = 342). There was a marked decrease in mortality for patients with ISS 9-24 at HMC (3%, n = 3709) compared with HFH (10%, n = 146) (p < 0.001). There was a less pronounced decrease in mortality for patients with ISS > 24 at HMC (41%, n = 1520) compared with HFH (73%, n = 26) (p < 0.01). The type and the severity of injuries causing fatalities in this developing nation suggest that no inexpensive hospital-based changes would improve outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗