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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Vascularization of the sartorius muscle.

The sartorius muscle is used for the reconstructive procedures. The study of its blood supply have been undertaken owing to many data of successful transplantation of this muscle. We examined 60 muscles from cadavers of both sexes of age from 17 to 69 years. The muscle receives 5 to 11 vessels originating from: superficial circumflex iliac, lateral femoral, deep femoral, descending geniculate, and femoral arteries. The vessels extend irregularly along the muscle. Neighboring arteries form only sparse anastomoses, diameter of which does not exceed 0.25 mm. The pattern of blood supply to the sartorius muscle is usually segmental.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Muscle transformation of the sartorius muscle in a canine model: clinical impact for electrodynamic graciloplasty as a "neosphincter".

PURPOSE: Transformation of fast-twitching skeletal muscles to slow-twitching, slowly fatigable muscles has become of clinical interest in the recent past. Transposition and transformation of the gracilis muscle to use it as a substitute for a resected or defected anal sphincter (graciloplasty) have been reported as achieving promising results in the treatment of fecal incontinence caused by sphincter defects or following abdominoperineal anorectal excision for cancer. METHOD: This experimental study used a canine model and the sartorius muscle to evaluate the functional efficiency of two different configurations of the muscle loop to compare the presently applied transformation program (8 weeks) with a shorter (5 weeks) protocol. In six beagle dogs, both sartorius muscles were wrapped around two stomas, either in an alpha fashion or in the so-called split-sling technique. Muscle transformation was achieved by controlled neuromuscular stimulation either during eight (Program A) or five weeks (Program B). After completion of the transformation period, the function of the muscle slings was evaluated by manometry, and histomorphologic evaluation of the sartorius muscles was performed. RESULTS: It was shown that muscle transformation led to a slowly fatigable muscle that made it possible to perform continuos (tetanic) contraction, regardless of the configuration or the duration of the transformation. Median pressures created by these muscles also did not differ significantly. In accordance with these functional findings, the histologic evaluation showed the typical, significant increase of Type I fibers in both muscle slings and following both transformation protocols. Although the decrease of fast-twitching Type II fibers was more pronounced following the conventional (8 weeks) program, this finding did not influence the functional results. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our experiment indicate the possibility for using a shorter transformation protocol for transformation of the gracilis muscle during graciloplasty in the clinical setting. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of the modified (split-sling) wrap technique was demonstrated.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1989

The relative changes in isometric force and work during fatigue and recovery in isolated toad sartorius muscle.

Toad sartorius muscle was subjected to sinusoidal varying length changes at 2 Hz to measure work. Both isometric tetanic force and work per cycle were measured before, during, and after a 3-min fatigue. Both isometric tetanic force and positive work, the work done by the muscle during the shortening part of the cycle, rapidly decreased in parallel in the first 40 s of fatigue. Thereafter, force continued to decrease, but at a slower rate, to about 10% of prefatigue values, whereas positive work levelled off at about 30% of prefatigue values. Negative work, the work done on the muscle during the lengthening part of the cycle, increased during fatigue to the extent that net work became negative. This was due to a prolonged relaxation, which resulted in active force still being generated while the muscle was being stretched. Work and force recovered at about the same rate. Isometric force measurements alone do not give any clear indication that net work will be negative under a particular set of experimental conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

An anomalous bifurcation of the sartorius muscle.

The sartorius muscle on one side of the body of an 60 years old man was found to be divided into 2 parts at its distal end. The lateral part was inserted into the medial condyle of the femur. The medial part was inserted as the classically described insertion of the muscle into the medial surface of the tibia. This is a significant nonrecorded variation of the muscle to both clinicians and gross anatomists.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Effect of pH on muscle fatigue in isolated frog sartorius muscle.

Isolated frog sartorius muscle was incubated for 3 h in Ringer solution (5 mM phosphate buffer) at pH 7 or pH 8. Each muscle was stimulated supramaximally at 2 per second continuously. Muscles at pH 7 fatigued more quickly than those at pH 8. Muscles at pH 8 released acid whereas those at pH 7 did not.

Acids↗

PubMed1971

Contractile and electrical responses of vagus-innervated frog sartorius muscles.

1. Frog sartorius muscles were transplanted to the thoracic region and re-innervated by the gastric vagus nerve. Contractile responses of the re-innervated muscles were studied. Micro-electrodes were used to measure electrical properties of the muscle fibre membrane. Histological studies of the sartorius and vagus nerves and re-innervated muscles were also carried out.2. Autonomic nerve fibres of the gastric vagus form functional connexions with the skeletal muscle fibres. Such vagus-innervated muscle fibres do not atrophy.3. Neither the contractile nor the passive electrical properties of the muscle fibres are altered by vagal innervation.4. Synaptic transmission is quantal in nature and describable by a Poisson distribution as at normal sartorius junctions. The muscle fibres, however, do show extensive multiple-innervation, and unlike normal sartorius junctions, vagus-muscle junctions have a low quantal content and show a long-lasting facilitation.5. Properties of the vagus nerve fibres apparently are not altered by synapsing with skeletal muscle fibres. They remain small diameter and have high threshold for electrical stimulation.6. The ability of these nerve and muscle fibres to influence each other is rather limited in the adult amphibian.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2006

Anatomical contribution to the surgical construction of the sartorius muscle flap.

The sartorius muscle (SM) is frequently used as a surgical flap. This study intends to describe sartorius nerve and artery distribution in adult men. Fifty-three specimens obtained from fresh cadavers were prepared as described: 32 specimens were injected with a red-colored gelatin solution through the femoral artery so that intra-muscular arteries and nerves were dissected; six specimens were injected with barium sulfate solution through the femoral artery for radiography; seven specimens were injected with a Chinese ink solution, also through the femoral artery, for diaphanization; seven specimens were injected with a solution of vinyl acetate, through the femoral artery, to obtain an arterial cast and one specimen was cut and colored by Masson's Trichrome. Sartorius branching patterns of the nerve and artery were schematized. The following measurements were taken for each dissected muscle: total length, arterial pedicle length and distance between each arterial pedicle to the proximal muscle extremity. Five to nine arterial pedicles were found in the sample. In their trajectories, these arteries may give rise to many branches to form a dense and elongated net of anastomoses. Intra- and inter-pedicular anastomoses were observed in the inner part of the muscle. The nerve supply originated from one or two branches, which enter the muscle together with the first or second arterial pedicle. The nerve branches were divided into two or three territorial branches, and then into four or five segmental branches, running longitudinally inside the muscle. The muscles showed an average length of 44.81 cm. SM is a segmented structure and it can be divided into as many as five arterial and nervous segments. In the proximal and middle parts, the muscle has better arterial supply. The segments can be filled by adjacent pedicles, due to an elongated net of anastomoses, which allow a longer arc of rotation in the construction of pedicled flaps.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The sartorius muscle: anatomic considerations for reconstructive surgeons.

To evaluate the sartorius muscle as an alternative donor site for functional transfer, the neurovascular anatomy of the muscle was studied in 42 human sartorius muscle specimens (22 fresh and 20 preserved). Eleven adult fresh cadavers were injected with a mixture of lead oxide, gelatin and water (200 ml/kg) through the common carotid and femoral arteries. The sartorius muscle with its neurovascular pedicles was dissected, and radiographed. The sartorius muscle was also dissected out in 10 preserved cadavers. The neurovascular anatomy was thus analyzed in 42 sartorius muscles. The results show that each nerve supplying the sartorius muscle is accompanied by one vascular pedicle, forming a neurovascular hilum. Within the muscle, most of the nerves and vessels divide early, and their branches run parallel to each other and to the muscle fibers. Many of the vessels anastomose with each other to form an intricate vascular network. We conclude that it is possible to subdivide the muscle into functional units to harvest a segmental muscle flap with a neurovascular pedicle for transfer.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Ketamine: effects on the mechanical properties of the frog sartorius muscle.

Isolated frog sartorius muscles were exposed to ketamine in concentrations up to 15 X 10(-5) M and the mechanical response to directly and indirectly stimulated muscles was studied. The effect on the directly elicited action potential was also investigated. The amplitude of the indirectly elicited twitches was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a 50% decrease in twitch amplitude, at a ketamine concentration of 7.3 X 10(-5) M. The twitch amplitude was not affected by ketamine during direct stimulation of the muscle. However, direct tetanic stimulation of the muscle (80 Hz, 200 ms) revealed a decrease in the tetanic force of 20% during exposure to 7.3 X 10(-5) M ketamine. This decrease in tetanic force can be explained on the basis of effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and/or the effects of ketamine on the directly elicited action potentials (decrease in amplitude and increase in duration) seen in these experiments. At concentrations of ketamine below about 4 X 10(-5) M, small effects were seen in this nerve-muscle preparation. If the effects on the frog muscle are similar to mammalian striated muscle, clinical concentrations of ketamine would have very small effects on the nerve-muscle system.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1989

The effect of anions on bound acetylcholine in frog sartorius muscle.

1. Frog sartorius muscles were treated with an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor and then incubated in isotonic potassium propionate solution (isotonic KPr). Total and bound, presumably vesicular, acetylcholine (ACh) in the tissue and ACh in the medium were assayed by mass fragmentography, miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) were recorded and the end-plates were investigated by electron microscopy. 2. Incubation in isotonic KPr for 30 min stimulated ACh release and concomitantly decreased total and bound ACh. Nerve stimulation for 30 min by trains of impulses (0.1 s trains of 100 Hz, 1 train s-1) in normal-potassium propionate-containing solution had the same effects. 3. When the tissue was incubated in normal-K+ Ringer solution for 3 h, following chemical or electric stimulation, bound ACh recovered to about 75% of the initial value, provided that Cl- ions were present in the medium. In the presence of propionate instead of Cl- ions almost no recovery of bound ACh took place. There was also recovery of bound ACh in the presence of either NO3- or gluconate ions. In NO3- it was the same as in Cl-, but in gluconate it was less than found in Cl- -containing medium. 4. Recovery of total ACh, in contrast to bound ACh, took place even in the presence of propionate ions, showing that extracellular Cl- is not required for the synthesis of ACh. 5. In terminals recovered in normal Ringer solution, many synaptic vesicles were found, but terminals 'recovered' in propionate solution were depleted of vesicles. 6. From these and other results it is concluded that the recycling of synaptic vesicles normally requires the presence of extracellular chloride.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1984

Effects of extracellular pH on lactate efflux from frog sartorius muscle.

The isolated sartorius muscle of frog was stimulated under an anaerobic condition, and intracellular lactate concentration and intracellular pH was determined sequentially by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and the efflux of lactate was measured by an enzymatic method on the incubation media with different pH levels. The lactate efflux was shown to increase in proportion to the concentration difference of lactate across the membrane up to 25 mmol X l H2O-1, and the permeability of the membrane to lactate increased with the increment of extracellular pH. H+ efflux was determined from pH change and the buffer capacity of incubation medium. The efflux of H+ rose approximately linearly with the efflux of lactate up to approximately 70 mumol X min-1 X l H2O-1, and the relationship then revealed a clear leveling off. From these results the efflux of lactate was analyzed in terms of a predominantly nonionic or a predominantly ionic efflux mechanism. Analysis showed that the mechanism of efflux was in both the ionic and nonionic form.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1968

The distribution of the T-system along the sarcomeres of frog and toad sartorius muscles.

1. Frog and toad sartorius muscles were soaked in ferritin suspensions and then fixed and prepared for electron microscopy. Ferritin particles were counted in micrographs of regions where fibril striations were in good register, and the number of particles plotted according to position along the sarcomeres.2. The distribution of ferritin particles in both frog and toad muscle sarcomeres could be accounted for by a single peak centred at the Z-line, with a total width of about 0.4 mu.3. The peak in toad fibres was slightly broader than that in frog fibres, and this was due to more frequent branching of the T-system in the toad. In both frog and toad sartorius muscles branching increases the total quantity of T-system by around 30%.4. No peak was found in the ferritin distribution which could account for the peak of albumin distribution observed near the A-I boundary of toad sartorius muscles by Hill (1964).

Albumins↗

PubMed1979

[Cooperative effect of calcium ions in freeing a mediator from the neuromuscular synapses of large and small muscle fibers of frog sartorius muscle].

The dependence of a amplitude and quantum content (m) of the end plate potentials on the external calcium concentration was studied in experiments on the frog sartorius amplitude of the miniature end plate potentials were found. The data obtained suggest that the number of calcium ions taking part in the release of each transmitter quantum may be different.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1973

Effects of muscle stretch on transmitter release at end-plates of rat diaphragm and frog sartorius muscle.

1. Miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) and end-plate potentials were recorded intracellularly at neuromuscular junctions of the frog sartorius muscle and the rat diaphragm before, during and after muscle stretch.2. Stretch increased the frequency of the m.e.p.p.s and the mean quantum content (m) at end-plates of the sartorius muscle.3. Stretch enhanced m.e.p.p. frequency of the sartorius muscle in normal Ringer solution as well as in solutions high in magnesium and low in calcium content. In addition, an increase in frequency occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin and in the absence of neostigmine methylsulphate.4. The magnitude of the increase in m.e.p.p. frequency in the sartorius muscle was negatively correlated with the control frequency.5. In contrast to the above findings at sartorius end-plates, muscle stretch did not affect the frequency of m.e.p.p.s or the m values at end-plates of the rat diaphragm.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The sartorius muscle flap in the cat: an anatomic study and two case reports.

The sartorius muscle in the cat is a broad, sheet-like muscle which covers the craniomedial aspect of the thigh. The major portion of the blood supply arises from the proximal pole of the muscle. A single sartorius muscle can be positioned over the abdomen in a transverse manner along the pubis, to cover the entire (i.e., left and right sides) caudal 30% of the abdomen. It also can be extended in a cranial-to-caudal fashion where it covers approximately 80% of the length and 75% of the width of the ipsilateral abdomen. The sartorius muscle flap is easy to harvest and provides good coverage for defects of the caudal abdominal wall. This muscle flap was used successfully in two feline patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Assessment of neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium in frog sartorius muscle.

The neuromuscular effects of atracurium in frog sartorius muscle were studied and the results were compared with those obtained by tubocurarine in the same preparation. Single twitch (at 1 per 5 s) and tetanic stimulation (at 1-100 per s) of the motor nerve, stimulated with 5-10 V (maximum) and 0.2 ms pulse duration, were used to assess the neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium and tubocurarine in the frog sartorius muscle. The results showed that atracurium was twice as potent as tubocurarine in reducing the amplitude of the indirectly-elicited twitch contractions in the frog sartorius muscle. The mean IC50 values (concentration to produce 50% inhibition of twitch tension) of atracurium and tubocurarine-induced depression of the indirectly-elicited twitch tension were 0.64 +/- 0.1 microM and 1.2 +/- 0.2 microM respectively (means +/- s.e., n = 6, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, atracurium had a shorter time of onset, time to 50% block and time to 95% recovery than tubocurarine.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Inward movement of sodium ions in resting and stimulated frog's sartorius muscle.

1. Paired frog sartorius muscles were exposed to Ringer solutions labelled with (22)Na(+) for about 20 min. At the end of this exposure one of them was stimulated supramaximally one hundred to two hundred times. Immediately after the stimulation both members of the pair were washed in a series of tubes filled with a Na(+)-free medium containing 3 x 10(-5)M strophanthidin.2. Under the above conditions the intracellular component of the efflux was exponential with an average time constant (tau) of 388 min, that is, approximately four times longer than in the presence of normal Ringer. On the other hand the mean tau for the washout of the interfibre space was 3.2 min.3. From the extrapolation to time zero of the intracellular component of the washout curve the initial intracellular radioactivity of both muscles was obtained and the resting and extra Na(+) influx were calculated.4. The mean surface membrane area/muscle weight ratio was found to be 552 cm(2).g(-1) and the mean fibre diameter 53.4 mum for muscles weighing on the average 60 mg.5. The average resting Na(+) influx in the presence of normal Ringer was 4.7 p-mole.cm(-2).sec(-1). As the external Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](0)) was reduced the Na(+) influx diminished in a non-linear fashion. This non-linearity could be accounted for by the presence in the influx of a Na(+) for Na(+) exchange fraction which saturates at low [Na(+)](0).6. The mean extra Na(+) influx in the presence of normal Ringer was 27.4 p-mole.cm(-2).impulse(-1) and was not significantly affected either by halving [Na(+)](0) or by varying the frequency of stimulation. When [Na(+)](0) was reduced to 45 mM by partial replacement of Na(+) by Tris(+) the extra influx was significantly higher than when choline(+) instead of Tris(+) was used to substitute for Na(+).

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Force-velocity relation in paired frog sartorius muscles attached to opposite lever arms.

To study the mechanism of the longitudinal stability at the level of whole muscles, paired frog sartorius muscles were attached to the opposite lever arms at unequal distances from the pivot. The lever was initially fixed in position, and when the full isometric forces were developed in both muscles, it was released to move, the result being that the advantaged muscle shortened by stretching the disadvantaged one with a nearly constant velocity depending on the ratio between their points of attachment from the pivot. The force-velocity relation of the advantaged muscle was virtually identical with the ordinary force-velocity relation obtained from the isotonic release experiments, while the force-velocity relation of the disadvantaged muscle was found to be entirely different from the ordinary one because of a marked increase in the load-bearing ability. These results are discussed in connection with the enhancement of mechanical performance in lengthening muscle.

Animals↗