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13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Use of the serum bactericidal titer to assess the adequacy of oral antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.

Serum bactericidal titers against Staphylococcus aureus were measured in 63 children who were receiving mafcillin or methicillin intravenously, or dicloxacillin, penicillin, or cephalexin orally. The SBTs obtained following unit does of 25 mg/kg of dicloxacillin, 35 mg/kg of penicillin, or 25 mg/kg of cephalexin with probenecid were comparable to those seen following intravenous doses of 40 mg/kg nafcillin or methicillin. Twenty-two children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis proven or presumed to be due to S. aureus were treated intravenously until point tenderness and fever had resolved, and then with oral therapy. The mean duration of intravenous therapy was 14 days. Oral doses were adjusted so that a peak SBT of greater than or equal to 1:16 and a trough SBT of greater than or equal to 1:2 were obtained in most children. No recurrences occurred. The SBT proved to be a practical means of assessing the adequacy of oral therapy in children with infections due to S. aureus.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Histogenetic correlations between subcategories of small noncleaved cell lymphomas.

To assess the biologic relevance of the morphologic distinctions between subtypes of small noncleaved cell lymphomas (SNCL), ie, the sporadic Burkitt's type (sBT) and the non-Burkitt's type (nBT), we have examined the molecular organization of several lymphomagenic oncogenes (c-myc, bcl-1, bcl-2) and the potential pathogenetic contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Twenty-nine cases of SNCL, not associated with immunodeficiency syndromes, were reviewed and classified as sBT (18 cases) or nBT (11 cases) without knowledge of the clinical or molecular data. Southern blot analysis of 18 sBTs found 17 to contain c-myc rearrangements. Fifteen of these comigrated with an Ig heavy-chain gene segment, indicating t(8;14) translocation. Chromosome 8 breakpoints were clustered in the first exon and the first intron of the c-myc gene. Chromosome 14 breakpoints mapped to the JH locus in three tumors, the S mu locus in nine tumors, and the S alpha locus in the remaining three tumors. Cases involving the S alpha locus appeared to have a more rapid clinical course. All sBTs possessed germline bcl-2 and bcl-1 gene fragments. In contrast, Southern blot analysis of 11 nBTs found none with c-myc rearrangements. Rather, three of 10 evaluable nBTs had bcl-2 rearrangements. The remaining seven showed no evidence of involvement by any of the lymphoma-associated oncogene/breakpoint regions studied. EBV genome was detected in two sBTs and in one nBT, and thus was not a distinguishing feature. These results indicate that the subtle histologic differences that distinguish subcategories of SNCL are significant biologically and reflect distinct molecular mechanisms of lymphomagenesis. Furthermore, the data suggest that the nBTs comprise a heterogeneous group with respect to their molecular genetic composition and confirm the remarkable molecular genetic homogeneity of the sBT group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Three cases of primary cerebral lymphoma in AIDS patients: detection of Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization and Southern blot technique.

Three cases of primary cerebral lymphoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were studied. Tumoral fragments taken at autopsy were frozen and studied by the Southern blot technique (SBT). Other tumoral fragments were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and used for in situ hybridization (ISH) with biotinylated probes for DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ISH was positive in each case with a spotty nuclear labelling of certain tumoral cells. SBT evidenced a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in each case. In addition, EBV DNA was detected in each frozen fragment with only one restriction pattern, indicating that the EBV- infected cell population was a clonal expansion of a progenitor cell.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Educational interventions to improve medical students' bad news communication skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to both determine whether educational interventions improve medical students' ability and/or confidence in Bad News Communication (BNC), as well as assess the relative efficacy of instructional formats. METHODS: Performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, four databases were searched for articles describing education-based interventions to improve medical student's BNC ability and/or confidence, published in English between 2001 and 2024. Data on students' self-reported or observer-assessed level of competence/ability in BNC (primary outcome), and students' self-assessed confidence in BNC skills (secondary outcomes), were analysed. Meta regression explained the influence of several categorical moderators on heterogeneity in relation to intervention effects on competence/ability. RESULTS: 27 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review and 17 studies for the meta-analysis. Interventions described in controlled studies were associated with a moderate and significant increase in BNC ability (13 data sets; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.52 - 1.66). Interventions detailed in pre-post design studies were associated with a significant increase in BNC ability (20 data sets; SMD = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.52 - 1.32), and student confidence/comfort in their BNC skills (12 data sets; SMD = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.57 - 1.75). Subgroup analysis demonstrated better skills/competence outcomes in studies that included simulation-based training (SBT). CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions improve the BNC ability and confidence of medical students. Interventions should include an SBT element as this leads to greater improvements in BNC ability. Further research is needed to determine to what extent these interventions translate to positive patient outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Diverse educational programme, especially those including simulation-based training, are effective in improving BNC skills, although the longetivity of these improvements is at present unclear. Therefore, we recommend that refresher courses or practice opportunities should be scheduled throughout students' medical education to ensure retention of BNC skills.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Effects of cultured milk products by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species on the secretion of bile acids in hepatocytes and in rats.

Whey preparations prepared from cultured milk by 19 Lactobacillus (2 species) and 20 Bifidobacterium (5 species) strains were examined for the effects of secretion and synthesis of bile acids in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The stimulating effect of whey preparation on bile acid secretion depended on the species as well as the strains used for milk fermentation. Two strains belonging to L. casei SBT 2230 (LC2230) and B. longum SBT 2912 (BL2912) produced the whey which stimulates both the secretion of bile acid and the activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. When the cultured products by these two strains were given to rats for 14 days, the products from L. casei (LC2230) were found to stimulate the biliary secretion of bile acids. These results suggest that primary cultured hepatocytes were a useful experimental system as an initial screening for an active principle modulating cholesterol metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Oxidation of stibnite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Optimum pH, temperature and pulp density for microbiological leaching of museum-grade stibnite mineral has been investigated using a stibnite-adapted strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Optimum conditions were found to be pH 1.75, 35 C and 12g solid substrate per 100 ml of basal salts medium as the initial dose. The energy of activation was determined to be 16.8 kcal per mole, and the temperature coefficient 2.2. The highest total dissolved antimony concentration, [Sbt] = [Sb+3] + [sb+5] + I1SbO2+], was about 1400 mg/litre, due to relatively low solubility of (SbO)2SO4 and (SbO2)2SO4.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2025

Characterization of microbial dark matter at scale with MetaSBT and taxonomy-aware Sequence Bloom Trees.

Metagenomics has become a powerful tool for studying microbial communities, allowing researchers to investigate microbial diversity within complex environmental samples. Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled the recovery of near-complete microbial genomes directly from metagenomic samples, also known as metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). However, accurately characterizing these genomes remains a significant challenge due to the presence of sequencing errors, incomplete assembly, and contamination. Here we present MetaSBT, a new tool for organizing, indexing, and characterizing microbial reference genomes and MAGs. It is able to identify clusters of genomes at all seven taxonomic levels, from the kingdom all the way down to the species level, using the Sequence Bloom Tree (SBT) data structure that relies on Bloom Filters (BFs) to index massive amounts of genomes based on their k-mers composition. We have built an initial set of databases composed of over 190 thousand viral genomes from NCBI GenBank and public sources grouped into sequence consistent clusters at different taxonomic levels, making it the first software solution for the classification of viruses at different ranks, including still unknown ones. This results in the definition of over 40 thousand species clusters where ~80% do not match with any known viral species in reference databases to date. Furthermore, we show how our databases can be used as a new basis for existing quantitative metagenomic profilers to unlock the detection of unknown microbes and the estimation of their abundance in metagenomic samples. Finally, the framework is released open-source and, along with its public databases, is fully integrated into the Galaxy Platform enabling broad accessibility.

metagenome-assembled genomes↗
PubMed2026

HLA Allele and Haplotype Frequencies Among Registered Unrelated Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

The Saudi stem cell donor registry (SSCDR) has successfully recruited over 92,000 unrelated potential stem cell donors through nationwide campaigns. The Western region of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its unique ethnic diversity, shaped by centuries of immigration and pilgrimage. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes among donors from this region. A total of 1112 donors registered with SSCDR were included, all recruited during campaigns conducted in the Western region between 2019 and 2021. Participants provided ancestry information to confirm their city of origin. High-resolution HLA typing for loci A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 was performed using sequence-based typing (SBT). Allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated for each subgroup using Arlequin 3.5 software. Distinct haplotype patterns were observed across cities. The most common haplotypes in the 1112 potential stem cell donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia were HLA-A*02:01∼C*07:02∼B*07:02∼DRB1*15:01∼DQB1*06:02 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Jeddah; A*23:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Al-Madinah; HLA-A*26:01∼C*07:02∼B*08:01∼DRB1*03:01∼DQB1*02:01, HLA-A*30:01∼C*06:02∼B*13:02∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*06:02∼B*50:01∼DRB1*07:01∼DQB1*02:01 in Makkah; HLA-A*02:01∼C*15:02∼B*51:01∼DRB1*13:01∼DQB1*06:03 and HLA-A*02:01∼C*07:02∼B*07:02∼DRB1*15:01∼DQB1*06:02 in Al-Baha; and HLA-A*31:01∼C*15:02∼B*51:01∼DRB1*13:01∼DQB1*06:03 in Taif. HLA data are available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database (AFND: 3854, 3855, 3856, 3857 and 3858) under the population name 'Saudi Western Region'. In western Saudi Arabia, HLA allele and haplotype distributions demonstrate marked city-specific variation. Our research identifies DR7-, DR13- and DR15-based haplotypes as the most prevalent across the region. These findings are critical for optimizing unrelated donor searches for patients lacking compatible familial matches. Understanding these local frequencies allows for more targeted recruitment and better matching probabilities in stem cell registries.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Noninvasive determinations of the anaerobic threshold. Reliability and validity in patients with COPD.

We compared the intraobserver and interobserver agreement of blood (BGT) and gas exchange (GET) methods for determination of the anaerobic threshold (AT) in patients with COPD. In addition, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the gas exchange methods for determination of the AT. Two noninvasive methods, the V-slope (VS) and the ventilatory equivalents method (VEM) were compared with two blood sampling methods, the log standard HCO3 (SB) vs log VO2 (SBT) and base excess (BE) vs VO2 (BET). Twenty-nine patients with COPD (FEV1 < 60%) performed incremental exercise tests to exhaustion while breath-by-breath gas exchange measurements were made. Blood samples were drawn at the end of each minute for SB and BE. Two trained observers determined the VO2 at the threshold for each of the four indices on two separate occasions two weeks apart. Our results demonstrated the following: only modest interobserver and intraobserver agreement was noted by Spearman rank correlations; the VEM was as sensitive as the VS in COPD patients; and the presence of a true metabolic acidosis was not reliably predicted by GET methods. Moreover, although the blood methods accurately identified the presence of metabolic acidosis, there was disagreement on the actual point of the BGT. We conclude that gas exchange indices were not helpful for the determination of metabolic acidosis in patients with COPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Insuring effective antimicrobial therapy: laboratory evaluation.

Specialized tests for the susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms are not indicated for most clinical infections. Primary attention should be focused on proper collection of representative culture material and subsequent accurate identification of the offending organism. Specific antimicrobial therapy can then be empirically instituted based upon previously known susceptibility patterns. An overview of the broth dilution, agar dilution, and agar (disk) diffusion techniques is presented. The absolute indications for these tests are as follows: (1) infections with gram-negative bacilli; (2) staphylococcal infections; and (3) enterococcal and other group D beta hemolytic streptococcal infections. The following situations are relative indications for susceptibility testing: (1) infections occurring in immunosuppressed hosts; (2) infections that by their location are more susceptible to certain types of antibiotics; and (3) infections that should be treated with a bactericidal rather than a bacteriostatic drug. The rationale and indications for the serum bactericidal test (SBT or Schlichter test) and antibiotic assay techniques are described. The cases reported illustrate appropriate application of the specialized tests for susceptibility.

Aged↗