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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Survival patterns for malignant mesothelioma: the SEER experience.

Statistical analyses of 1,475 histologically confirmed cases of malignant mesothelioma ascertained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute for the years 1973-1984 showed age at diagnosis, sex, stage of disease, type of treatment, and geographic area of residence to be important predictors of patient survival, although type of treatment may be confounded with prognostic factors (patients selected for surgical treatment tended to have better performance status than other patients). Women below the age of 50 had an unusually long survival, even after adjustment for the effects of other variables in the model. A relatively large proportion of female cases had site of disease designated as peritoneum, but site was not a significant prognostic factor. These results suggest that age, gender and stage of disease should be carefully considered in designing and analyzing clinical trials for persons with mesothelioma. Survival was shorter in the 4 SEER registries which had shipbuilding as a major industry than in the others with less potential asbestos exposure, offering weak support for the hypothesis that asbestos-exposed cases of mesothelioma have worse survival experience than other cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accessing NCI's SEER cancer data base with SeerQuery and CD-ROM.

The National Cancer Institute operates the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer data base. SEER data are obtained from participating population-based registries that monitor cancer incidence and patient survival in a representative 10 percent sample of the general population. The data cover all cancers (except superficial skin cancers) in the defined regional populations. SeerQuery is a personal computer program for accessing that data on IBM-compatible personal computer compact diskettes in read-only memory (CD-ROM) form. SeerQuery facilitates rapid access to cancer data at minimal cost and effort to the user. SeerQuery is menu-driven, enabling physicians and other health care professionals to query the data base directly. They can use the data to determine cancer frequency, perform cross-tabulation, determine incidence, and calculate survival using such variables as primary cancer site, histologic type, stage, sex, age, and race. The comprehensive data base lacks many selection biases that are inherent in data reported from other sources. SeerQuery has applications in professional education and in cancer control program planning and resource allocation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inflammatory breast cancer: the experience of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program.

The current status of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) among U.S. females was reviewed with the use of data abstracted from medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1975 and 1981 in nine geographic areas covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Patients were selected on the basis of reported clinical and pathologic features of IBC and were divided into 3 groups: I) both clinical and pathologic features of IBC; II) clinical features without pathologic confirmation; and III) pathologic evidence only. The age distribution of pathologically defined IBC, in general, showed younger ages than those for other breast cancers in both the white and black populations. Further analysis was restricted to white females due to the relatively small numbers of black and other nonwhite patients with IBC. The disease presentations of both clinically and pathologically defined IBC were similar with regard to the likelihood of the presence of metastases at initial staging. Survival was evaluated by comparison of patients with nonmetastatic (MO) disease. Three years after diagnosis, the relative survival rates among patients in groups I, II, and III were observed to be 34, 60, and 52%, respectively. Survival of patients with all other types of breast cancer was 90% at 3 years. The management of IBC appeared to differ from the treatment of other forms of breast cancer; chemotherapy was given more frequently as the first course of cancer-directed therapy in white SEER females with evidence of MO IBC compared with the group with MO non-IBC. When all possible combinations of initial therapy were considered, the treatment for IBC was more variable than the treatment for non-IBC.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Implications from SEER data on breast cancer management.

From the SEER files of the NCI, 8,587 cases of breast cancer diagnosed in 1975 were analyzed. Of these cases, 5.3% were noninvasive. Of the invasive cancers under 0.5 cm in diameter, 17.2% had positive axillary lymph nodes. Where the physician recorded no palpable axillary lymph nodes, 34.5% were found to be positive.

Axilla↗
PubMed1988

Diet and cancer. Evidence from associations of multiple primary cancers in the SEER program.

The occurrence of multiple primary cancers may reflect common etiologic factors. We investigated the extent to which the diet and cancer hypothesis was supported by data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program on multiple primary associations. Cancers of the colon/rectum and prostate in men, and those of the breast, colon/rectum, and uterine corpus in women, were hypothesized a priori to be diet-related cancers. Of the eight multiple primary associations among diet-related cancers that were possible in men and women, relative risks (RR) of a second diet-related primary cancer developing after a first diet-related primary ranged from 1.06 to 1.43. The lower bound of the 99% confidence intervals (CI) for five of these associations exceeded 1.00, and fell between 0.95 and 0.99 for the other three associations. The observed multiple primary associations were compatible with the existence of common etiologic dietary elements. However, hormonal, immunologic, and medical care factors shared by these malignancies must be considered as alternative explanations for these findings.

Diet↗
PubMed1991

Use of the SEER Cancer Registry for technology assessment.

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry contributed to technology assessment by providing population-based samples for detailed case-control studies, by serving as the control group in comparisons with various experimental groups, by allowing an assessment of selection bias in clinical trials, and by facilitating evaluations of classification and coding systems.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1986

Survival of children with brain tumors: SEER Program, 1973-1980.

Eight hundred eighty-seven children with brain tumors were identified by the SEER registries (1973-1980). Twenty-five percent were low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas, medulloblastomas were 23%, cerebellar astrocytomas 12%, high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas 11%, brainstem gliomas 9%, and ependymomas 8%. The worst survivals were in children less than 2 years of age, and the best were in those aged 10 to 14 years. Five-year survivals of children with cerebellar astrocytomas were 91%, low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas 71%, high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas 35%, medulloblastomas 39%, ependymomas 28%, and brainstem gliomas 18%.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimating cancer mortality rates from SEER incidence and survival data.

A method to estimate site-specific cancer mortality rates using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program incidence and survival data is proposed, calculated, and validated. This measure, the life table-derived mortality rate (LTM), is the sum of the product of the probability of being alive at the beginning of an interval times the probability of dying of the cancer of interest during the interval times the annual age-adjusted incidence rate for each year that data have been collected. When the LTM is compared to death certificate mortality rates (DCM) for organ sites with no known misclassification problems, the LTM was within 10 percent of the death certificate rates for 13 of 14 organ sites. In the sites that have problems with the death certificate rates, there were major disagreements between the LTM and DCM. The LTM was systematically lower than the DCM for sites if there was overreporting on the death certificates, and the LTM was higher than the DCM for sites if there was underreporting. The limitations and applications of the LTM are detailed.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1992

Representativeness of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program data: recent trends in cancer mortality rates.

BACKGROUND: Mortality, incidence, and survival rates are the primary measures used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to monitor cancer in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data system collects data on all cancers diagnosed among residents in geographically defined populations, which comprise about 10% of the U.S. population. This data system is the major component of the NCI system for tracking these rates. Thus, it is important to assess the degree to which SEER data are representative of the entire U.S. population. PURPOSE: National data on mortality, but not on incidence or survival, are available from the National Center for Health Statistics. These data provide a census against which mortality data from the subset of the SEER regions may be compared. METHODS: Multivariate regression analyses of age-adjusted mortality rates from 1975 to 1988, computed for the SEER areas and for the entire United States, were performed for race- and sex-specific data from 15 cancer sites. Representativeness was evaluated by testing for differences in trends and levels between the data from the U.S. population and those from the SEER Program. RESULTS: Data from the SEER regions reflected the correct direction of trend for all sites, although some race-, sex-, and site-specific differences existed for the magnitude of the trends and levels of mortality when compared with data from the U.S. population. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstration that data from the SEER population do occasionally yield mortality rates that differ from those for the entire U.S. population suggests that data from the SEER coverage population are, in some cases, not representative of the greater U.S. population. IMPLICATIONS: This issue is of particular relevance to the interpretation of incidence measures, computed from the SEER data, for which there is no national database. Future efforts should be directed at a better understanding of how the SEER population differs from the U.S. population so that SEER rates can be adjusted to be more nationally representative.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an Appalachian population.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer mortality rates in the Appalachian population of southeastern Kentucky have been shown to be unusually high. To better understand the high cervical cancer death rate in this area, we developed a population-based cervical disease registry. PURPOSE: This study describes the incidence of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer in 1986 and 1987 among White women in a 36-county area of Appalachian Kentucky based on histologic diagnoses. METHODS: We compared average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer in the study area with those for women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS: The incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer for women in the study area (14.9 per 100,000) was nearly twice that for White women in the SEER population (7.8 per 100,000), but it was similar to that for Black women in the SEER population (15.3 per 100,000). The incidence of carcinoma in situ for women in the study population (38.2 per 100,000) was 21% higher than that for White women (31.5 per 100,000) or for Black women (31.2 per 100,000) in the SEER population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for all grades of dysplasia among women in the study population was 194.6 per 100,000. No comparable population-based incidence rates for dysplasia could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer incidence rates are higher in Appalachian Kentucky than in the SEER population. Poverty appears to be a factor associated with these rates. IMPLICATIONS: Low-density populations such as those in rural Appalachia deserve greater attention in cancer control research. The population-based cervical dysplasia rates reported here may be useful for comparisons in future investigations.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1991

Cancer registry problems in classifying invasive bladder cancer.

A slide review of diagnostic pathologic tissue obtained from 364 bladder cancer cases, identified through the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program in 1983, classified 97 (26.6%) of these cases as invasive bladder cancers. These findings contrasted sharply with the Iowa SEER Program classification that coded 289 (79.4%) of these cases as invasive bladder cancers. These results were validated further by the hazard ratio of 4.54 (95% confidence interval, 2.57 to 8.03) among invasive relative to noninvasive bladder cancer cases when the slide review findings were used. In contrast, the hazard ratio was only 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 3.79) when the Iowa SEER Program findings were used. The traditional method used by the National Cancer Institute's SEER Program to deal with this problem is described and its implications are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of Medicare claims data for estimation of cancer incidence and resection rates among elderly Americans.

To explore the reliability of Medicare Part A claims data for clinical and health services research related to the care of patients with cancer, the authors compared estimates of the incidence of and resection rates for cancer of the breast, colon, and lung derived from analysis of Medicare Part A data versus data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Incidence rates of breast, colon, and lung cancer estimated from Medicare Part A data were within 6% of estimates derived from SEER data. Resection rates estimated from Medicare Part A data, in contrast, were 12% to 27% lower than resection rates based on SEER data. This discrepancy is not explained by variations in practice between regions participating in versus those not participating in the SEER registries but may be due to undercoding of surgical procedures in Medicare Part A data. This analysis suggests that Medicare data can provide useful insights into the care of patients with cancer, but research regarding inpatient procedures employed in management of cancer should be based on analysis of Medicare Parts A and B data combined.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1987

Hodgkin's disease in the United States: a comparison of patient characteristics and survival in the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Demographic, pathologic, and clinical characteristics as well as subsequent survival were compared between 3,607 Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients registered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute and 2,278 HD patients registered by comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) belonging to the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System (CCPDS). All patients were diagnosed with HD between July 1977 and December 1982. CCPDS cases were slightly younger, more often of the nodular sclerosing histologic type, and presented with Stage II disease at diagnosis more often than did SEER cases. CCPDS and SEER cases were similar regarding the lymph node region of origin, sex, and race. The mortality rate among SEER patients was approximately 1.5 times that among CCPDS patients. This significant survival difference was observed within all stages and within all histologic subtypes and remained after controlling for the effects of age. Late-stage, older age, non-Caucasian race, and a more diffuse histologic appearance were all independent and significant predictors of poor survival. These findings suggest that the management of HD in CCCs results in improved outcome relative to that in the general population. Possible explanations for such effects are explored, and additional lines of pursuit are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nonconcurrence in abstracted diagnoses of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The availability of two independent sets of abstracted diagnoses on 289 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), one from the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the other from an epidemiologic study in Iowa of factors affecting rural males (FARM), allowed us to determine the disagreement between abstracted diagnoses. For both sets the reported diagnosis was translated to International Classification of Disease for Oncology terminology and then to the Working Formulation (WF). Comparison of the WF diagnoses between the FARM study and the SEER Program showed disagreement in 68 of 290 cases (23.4%). Apparent causes of disagreement were as follows: coding errors-9 cases, unconventional or ambiguous terminology on reports resulting in different interpretation of the NHL subtype--30 cases, differences in coding rules for the FARM study and SEER Program--9 cases, acquisition of different reports with different diagnoses on the same case by the FARM study and SEER Program--20 cases. Several corrective measures that might successfully decrease the incidence of disagreement include: education of pathologists in the use of conventional terminology, and use of the category "unclassifiable" when abstracting reports with unconventional or ambiguous terminology. This 23.4% disagreement rate in the abstracting method adds to the known problem of nonconcurrence in the pathologic diagnosis of subtypes of NHL.

Epidemiologic Methods↗