PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “SEX CHARACTERISTICS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Central European study of the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls. I. Axillary hair as the 4th secondary sex characteristic].

As a part of the Central European Study a long-term study of the pubertal development of 687 Hungarian girls was undertaken and the findings compared with those of a cross-sectional study of a group of girls from Münster. In addition to assessment of the breast and pubic hair according to Tanner's classification, the development of axillary hair was, for the first time, subdivided into five stages (A1 to A5). This pubertal feature was related to the characteristics already known and, because of the absence of literature, compared with the author's own data. Stage A1 is the infantile stage, in which there is no hair development. In Stage A2, isolated, long, barely visible hairs appear. Stage A3 is marked by the development of a narrow band of sparse hair. In Stage A4 the area covered by hair is larger, and the hair has become more dense. Stage A5 is the adult stage, with a longish, rectangular area covered by hair of a density and texture found in adults. The development of axillary hair began at a average age of 11.94 years, with a standard deviation of 0.93 years. The subsequent stage (A3) was reached at a mean age of 12.53 +/- 0.92 years. At age 12.99 +/- 0.87 years Stage A4 was well developed. The adult hair covering appeared at a mean age of 13.58 +/- 0.66 years. The mean duration of development of the axillary hair was 2.28 +/- 0.60 years. Axillary hair was generally the last pubertal characteristic of development. Only in 5.5% of the girls was axillary hair the first sign of puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of secondary sex characteristics in multitransfused thalassemic children.

Secondary sex characteristics were evaluated in thalassemic children (41, boys and 30 girls), who were on regular transfusion therapy and were above 11 years of age. The results of this study indicate that the development of secondary sex characteristics in thalassemic children is markedly delayed as compared to their non-thalassemic siblings and to the expected development criteria. Delay in development of secondary sex characteristics appears to be secondary to chronic hypoxia and iron overload.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the voice as a secondary sex characteristic in transsexuals].

The secondary sex character of the voice was assessed in 15 transsexuals. They were compared to 40 people with typical normal vocal sex characteristics. The mean pitch level and the distributions of formant frequencies of the transsexuals were compared to those of the control group. The results obtained show no significant relation to the phenotype.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylate on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).

Fathead minnows were exposed to 4-nonylphenol (NP) or nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) to determine the effects of these weak estrogen agonists on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of sexually mature males and females during 42-day continuous-flow exposures. Neither NP nor NPEO caused statistically significant effects on tubercles or fatpad size at the concentrations tested. Exposure to 1. 1 or 3.4 micrograms NP/L caused changes in the number and size of Sertoli cells and germ cell syncytia. Necrotic aggregates of various stages of germ cells in the spermatogenic sequence were observed in the testes of males exposed to NP. Electron microscopy of the testes of NP-exposed males revealed the presence of phagocytic cells in the lumina of seminiferous tubules. The cytoplasm of some Sertoli cells was distended with myelin figures and necrotic spermatozoa. No significant effects on the stages of follicular development were observed in females exposed to NP. There were no differences in the gonads or secondary sex characteristics of males or females exposed to 5.5 micrograms NPEO/L, the greatest concentration studied. The histologic responses observed are sensitive indicators of waterborne exposure to NP at environmentally relevant concentrations, but not as sensitive as induction of plasma vitellogenin. The secondary sex characteristics were not affected by concentrations of NP or NPEO as great as 3.4 or 5.5 micrograms/L, respectively. Histologic responses occurred at concentrations that were less than the final chronic value based on survival and approximately the same as those required to cause effects on egg production. The histologic effects caused by NP were similar to, but not exactly the same as those caused by exposure of fathead minnows to 17 beta-estradiol.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Changes in growth and secondary sex characteristics of fathead minnows exposed to bleached sulfite mill effluent.

Yellow perch captured downstream of a bleached sulfite mill had reduced gonad size and fecundity, and circulating steroid levels declined in goldfish exposed to final effluent for 21 d. To assess bleached sulfite mill (BSM) effluent, long-term fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) growth and reproduction tests were carried out in a flow-through bioassay trailer at the mill secondary treatment lagoons. Fertilized P. promelas eggs were hatched in effluent (0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 50, and 100% final effluent with 10 ng/L ethinylestradiol as a positive control compound) and monitored through to 30, 60, and 125 d posthatch. The effluent caused a significant increase in the growth of fish; this effect was evident within 30 d. Fish had changes in secondary sex characteristics at maturity: Male fish had ovipositors in effluent concentrations as low as 3.2%. Higher effluent concentrations (32-100%) resulted in a majority of fish that looked externally like females. Changes in external sex characteristics were the most sensitive endocrine disruption-specific endpoints and required four months of exposure. Exposure to low BSM effluent concentrations (3.2%) resulted in female fish that had male sex characteristics (tubercles and dorsal fin dots). This masculinization of female fish was statistically significant at 10% effluent and was not seen in control fish. Concentrations of final effluent in the Saint John River (Canada) range from less than 1% to 15%, depending on the season and river flow. The research assesses some of the changes seen in fathead minnows exposed to this complex effluent, and demonstrates a threshold of <10% BSM effluent for the most sensitive effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pregnancies in primary amenorrhea with normally developed secondary sex characteristics.

We report herein 11 pregnancies in patients with primary amenorrhea and normally developed secondary sex characteristics. All patients were fully investigated, and their ovaries as visualized by laparotomy or laparoscopy were found to be small. Ovarian biopsy revealed numerous unstimulated primordial follicles. The hormonal profiles showed hypoestrogenism with atrophic endometrium. Human gonadotropins were used in large amounts in order to achieve pregnancy. Two patients responded in all treatment cycles with menses. The remainder failed to respond to all treatment cycles. All patients became pregnant and carried their pregnancies normally to term. There were four sets of twins and seven single births. Of fifteen newborns, one died of congenital heart disease.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1999

Dog-bite injuries to the breast in children: deformities to secondary sex characteristics and their repair in an extended follow-up.

Injuries from dog bites are not uncommon among children. However, the site of the wound is rarely on the breast. The authors report two cases of nipple-areolar injuries caused by dog bites. The affected children were followed during the development of secondary sex characteristics. In one child, this follow-up period was more than 10 years. In treating such wounds to the breast, subsequent growth of the nipple-areolar complex should be considered, particularly in girls because of the area's importance as a secondary sex characteristic.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Differences between somatic growth curves of males and females are a secondary sex characteristic.

There are differences in male and female height throughout the growth period. Utilising reference standard height charts we calculated the difference in male and female height as a function of age. A triphasic relationship was observed with statistically significant peaks (males greater than females) at 8 months and 18 years and (females greater than males) at 11.5 years of age. Data for sex hormone concentrations during this period were collected from the literature. Computing a difference measure (males minus females) for androgen levels a similar triphasic curve was obtained. Positive peaks occurred at 3 months and 18 years and a negative peak around 10 years. All three peak differences were found to be statistically significant. Peak differences in estrogen levels were observed at similar ages. Whereas peak differences in androgens were positively correlated with those for height, a negative correlation was found for estrogen. This implies that somatic growth is a secondary sex characteristic facilitated by androgens and inhibited by estrogens.

Adolescent↗