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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Singer and actor under medical attention of the laryngologist].

Singers and actors offer special problems to the laryngologist as far as their personality is concerned as the individual intensity of their vocal usage. A successful therapeutical approach requires that the doctor is able to involve himself into the physical and psychic conditions of an artistic usage of the voice; he also should be as well open to singing as to music in general. Knowledge in pathophysiology of larynx and voice, experiences in phoniatry and psychological interests will enable the larngologist to solve such medical problems which occur when working on diseases of the voice of singers and actors. Based on these few remarks, the report deals with the following short chapters: doctor and singer, the most frequent causes of vocal disorders, the "dry throat' of the singer, coughing out of custom, vocal nodules, the prevention of damages of the voice, the singer's voice under endocrine influences, possible damages of the voice in connection with operations and - the actor with an ill voice.

Art↗
PubMed1979

[The emperor Nero as an example of the actor and singer in ancient Rome (author's transl)].

The question of what importance the human voice had as a means of expression in the Roman Empire and how orators, actors and singers trained and developed their voices can be seen in the example of the Emperor Nero (37--68 AD). The historians of late antiquity (in particular, Sueton and Tacitus) reported a deeper insight into Nero's complex personality. As a result, a number of details are known about his training as an artist as these relate to his appearance in public as an actor and singer. These findings can also be regarded as characteristic for the epoch of the time.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1977

Ernest Singer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

[Sex hormones and depth of voice in the male (author's transl)].

Correlations between sex hormone levels and the male depth of voice were investigated in 102 singers. As compared to tenor singers higher testosterone and lower oestradiol plasma concentrations were measured in bass and baritone singers. This resulted in higher testosterone/oestradiol ratios due to increased androgens in those with deeper voices. Deeper voices were associated with taller and heavier body build. In the young age group sexual activity was highest among the bass voices, in the middle and old age group tenors were most active. There were no depth of voice-related differences as regards the sequence and occurrence of different pubertal characteristics. Only future bass singers had an increased of acne. The results indicate that the different depths of the male voice are influenced by different concentrations of circulating sex hormones and also by the androgen sensitivity of the target organs.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2025

The impact of the live broadcast of Stromae's song L'enfer on social media publications, calls to the national helpline, and suicide attempt rates in France.

On January 9, 2022, Belgian pop singer Stromae performed his new hit "L'enfer" live on French TV. The song addresses his personal struggles with suicidal ideation. To evaluate the impact of Stromae's performance, we modeled the evolution of hospital admission rates for suicide attempts (SAs) in France, calls to the national suicide prevention helpline (3114), and Twitter publications mentioning the singer or the helpline. We employed the Gombay test to identify change points within each time series. We identified a significant increase in mean SA rates among women aged 20-24 years 6 days after the singer's performance. No similar effect was observed in the general population or other young age groups. The show was immediately followed by a peak in tweets referring to the singer, while Twitter activity related to the 3114 remained modest. We did not observe any increase in calls to the helpline. Celebrity testimonies about suicidal experiences can help alleviate stigma but should be accompanied by prevention messages to reduce the risk of contagion.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Robust and accurate Bayesian inference of genome-wide genealogies for hundreds of genomes.

The Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which describes the genealogical history of a sample of genomes, is a vital tool in population genomics and biomedical research. Recent advancements have substantially increased ARG reconstruction scalability, but they rely on approximations that can reduce accuracy, especially under model misspecification. Moreover, they reconstruct only a single ARG topology and cannot quantify the considerable uncertainty associated with ARG inferences. Here, to address these challenges, we introduce SINGER (sampling and inferring of genealogies with recombination), a method that accelerates ARG sampling from the posterior distribution by two orders of magnitude, enabling accurate inference and uncertainty quantification for hundreds of whole-genome sequences. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate SINGER's enhanced accuracy and robustness to model misspecification compared to existing methods. We demonstrate the utility of SINGER by applying it to individuals of British and African descent within the 1000 Genomes Project, identifying signals of population differentiation, archaic introgression and strong support for ancient polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen region shared across primates.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Subjective sexual experience in college women.

A random sample of 100 undergraduate women were interviewed about their subjective sexual experience. Sexual sensations during masturbation, oral sex, intercourse, and intercourse with concurrent clitoral massage were summarized and differentiated. Sensations labeled "orgasm" by a majority of the subjects were identified, and the suggestion was made that experiences other than that outlined by Masters and Johnson may be considered orgasmic by women in a more general population. Some support was found for Singer and Singer's typology of orgasm at a subjective level. Most subjects who experienced multiple orgasms found them no more satisfying than single ones. Clitoral and vaginal orgasms may be distinguished subjectively, but no clear preference for one or the other emerged from a consensus of the subjects. Orgasm rate was significantly related (p less than 0.001) to satisfaction during intercourse and oral sex, but not during masturbation. Some evidence was found supporting the role of social learning in developing sensitivity in the clitoris and vagina and possibly the breasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effects of federal human subjects regulations on data obtained in environmental stressor research.

A series of experiments on environmental noise was performed over a 3-year period. Those experiments in the series that incorporated federal subjects guidelines concerning informed consent failed to replicate the negative aftereffects of noise found earlier by Glass and Singer. The experiments that were performed before implementation of the federal guidelines, however, successfully replicated the Glass and Singer findings. To clarify this pattern of results, a final experiment was performed on two groups of subjects treated identically except that one group gave informed consent while the other did not. The results confirmed that the subject procedures involving informed consent as defined by the federal guidelines prevent the emergence of negative aftereffects of noise, possibly because these procedures give the subjects what amounts to control over the stressor. Similar phenomena may occur in research on other environmental stressors, such as crowding and electric shock, in which subject's perception of control is a critical variable. Possible techniques for performing future research of this type are discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed1977

Parental focus of attention in a videotape feedback task as a function of hypothesized risk for offspring schizophrenia.

The families of 29 disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents were observed in a structured task in which they discussed their reactions to viewing themselves interacting on videotape. Measures derived from the Singer-Wynne concenpt of transactional style deviance were applied to the parental behaviors and related to prior assessments of parental communication disorder based on individual parental TAT protocols. The results confirm the Singer-Wynne hypothesis of the cross-situational stability of transactional style deviance. The most striking finding, however, is that an index of positive focusing behavior differentiates more strongly parents of adolescents hypothesized to be at varying leves of risk for schizophrenia than does the measure of transactional style deviance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Assembly of viral membranes: nature of the association of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins to membranes.

To explore the interaction of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) proteins with cellular membranes, we have isolated membranes from infected cells that have been radioactively pulse-labeled. We have found conditions of isolation that result in membrane preparation which contain primarily the VSV membrane protein (M) and glycoprotein (G). Both of these proteins are very firmly attached to membranes: conditions known to release peripherally associated membrane proteins from membranes (S. Razin, Biochim, Biophys. Acta 265:241-246, 1972; S. J. Singer, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 43:805-826, 1974; S. J. Singer and G. L. Nicholson, Science 175:720-731, 1972) are ineffective in detaching either the G or the M protein. The results of trypsin digestion of these membrane fractions suggest that the M protein resides primarily on one side, the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes, whereas the glycoprotein has been transported to the lumen of the membrane vesicle. However, we present evidence that the glycoprotein is transmembranal and that approximately 3,000 daltons of one end of the molecule is on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. We have also found that undenatured VSV M protein contains a trypsin-resistant core with a molecular weight of 22,000. This region of the M protein is trypsin-resistant regardless of its association with membranes.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1978

[Objective criteria for the evaluation of the vocal function].

In search of an objective method for the evaluation of vocal function it was investigated, whether there exists a relationship between the capability of kinesthetic phonatory control, i.e. the operational efficiency of the neuromuscular phonatory control system, and the quality of vocal function. In three groups of subjects with different quality of vocal function (singers, normal subjects and dysphonic patients) pitch and intensity changes of the speaking and singing voice during interruption of auditory feedback (by means of binaural maskings) were measured by means of fundamental frequency analysis. Results showed a much better kinesthetic control ability in singers than in normals and especially in dysphonic patients thus revealing, that the measurement of this ability can be used for evaluating individual vocal function objectively. The main evaluation criteria are: the degree of vocal pitch elevation while speaking under masking conditions, the accuracy of the singing voice without auditory control and the width of pitch perturbations of a sustained voice.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[The lombard reflex as a test of vocal function (author's transl)].

Any impairment of audio-phonatory control by background noise is followed by an increase in both the intensity and pitch of the speaking voice (Lombard reflex, 1911), thus increasing vocal strain. As a consequence, it might be anticipated that persons reacting to noise with marked changes in voice might be more liable to develop dysphonia. 22 singers, 34 normal controls, and 22 patients with hyperfunctional dysphonia where studied. In all patients, both ears were gradually masked with white noise. The change of the mean intensity level and of the mean pitch level of the speaking voice were then measured objectively with a special fundamental frequency analyzer (Fedders and Schultz-Coulon, 1975). Results show that the increase of intensity is comparable in all subjects, whereas the elevation of the mean pitch level differs significantly: trained voices (singers) react with the least pitch increment whereas dysphonic patients react with the most. The following conclusions were made from the present investigation: 1. Extreme increments in pitch level can be considered to be a more significant etiological factor of dysphonia than intensity increments; 2. Vocal therapy and voice training may have a favorable effect on the Lombard reflex (probably by improvement of the kinesthetic control mechanism) so that the speaking voice in a noisy environment is raised less with less vocal strain. The study also indicates that measurement of pitch changes during binaural masking can provide important information for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of dysphonia.

Aphonia↗
PubMed1976

Relationships of the spectrin complex of human erythrocyte membranes to the actomyosins of muscle cells.

Important similarities are reported between human smooth muscle actomyosin and the human erythrocyte spectrin complex, primarily components 1, 2, and 5 (Fairbanks G., Steck, T.L., and Wallach, D.F.H. (1971), Biochemistry 10, 2606). The actin-like protein, component 5, is identical with human uterine actin in its ability to form 50-70-A filaments to stimulate myosin ATPase activity, and to bind rabbit heavy meromyoson specit heavy meromyosin specifically. Antibodies to human smooth muscle myosin(uterine) were prepared which were monospecific. A weak but specific cross-reaction of these antisera with components 1 and/or 2 (spectrin) was characterized and at least 25% of the antimyosin antibodies showed a low affinity reaction iwth spectrin. Antibodies generated against a soluble complex of spectrin components 1 and 2 reacted only with component 1 and did not cross-react with myosin. In addition to these structural similarities between smooth muscle actomyosin and the spectrin complex, we have found that spectrin is involved in ATP-dependent erythrocyte shape changes (Sheetz, M.P., Painter, R.G., AND Singer, S.J. (1976B), Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Cell Motility (in press) and, therefore, the spectrin complex is also a mechanochemical protein system.

Actins↗