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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Salmonella in slaughter pigs: prevalence, serotypes and critical control points during slaughter in two slaughterhouses.

The purpose of this study was to show the distribution of Salmonella in slaughtered pigs and the environment of the slaughterhouse. 1,114 samples of slaughtered pigs (six different samples for Salmonella isolation and one serum sample for ELISA on antibodies per pig) and 477 samples of the slaughterhouse environment were collected in two slaughterhouses on two sampling days per slaughterhouse. Salmonella was isolated from one or more samples of 47% of the pigs. The highest prevalence of Salmonella was observed in rectal content samples (25.6%), whereas the lowest prevalence of Salmonella was observed on the carcasses (1.4%). The prevalence of Salmonella in other samples was: 19.6% in tonsils, 9.3% on livers, 9.3% on tongues, and 9.3% in mesenterial lymphnodes. The prevalence of Salmonella in environmental samples was high in the drain water samples in both slaughterhouses (61%) and on the carcass splitter in one slaughterhouse (33%). Salmonella typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype in pig samples and environmental samples in both slaughterhouses: 43% of the Salmonella isolates from pigs and 33% of the Salmonella isolates from the environment was S. typhimurium. The results of this study show that Salmonella prevalences in pigs differ a lot, depending on which part of the pig is sampled. Not all different samples of the pig will become available for human consumption, but collecting more than one sample per pig showed that Salmonella can be found in almost the whole pig. The result of surface samples of carcass and liver gives information about hygiene during the slaughter process; the result of tonsils, lymphnodes and rectal contents, combined with the serological result, gives information about infection of the pig before the slaughter process (on the farm, during transport or in lairage). It can be concluded that results of Salmonella isolation of slaughter pigs should always be carefully interpreted, depending on the type of sample that has been collected.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1989

[Echinococcosis].

Echinococcosis is parasite disease quite spread out in our country. It is known that Dalmatia and then Montenegro are the most infected areas in Yugoslavia. Echinococcus disease is not only disease of the organ attacked but one whose repercussions very often give poly-organic character in clinical, morphological and therapeutic sense. Due to a great number of infected dogs still existing insufficient number of hygienic slaughterhouses, slaughtering livestock without veterinary control, ignorance, lack of education as well as not enough prophylactic measures conducted, this disease represents an outstanding problem. In respect of identification of this disease number of cysts, location complications arising as well as operative approach, so far diagnostic methods are enriched by introducing electronic diagnostic methods (scintigraphy, US and CT). Numerous operating methods aimed to removal of parasite, elimination of irreversible sequelae and achievement of anatomo-physiological restitution of the organ in which the diseased are applied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and dissemination of Salmonella serotypes along the slaughtering process in Brazilian small poultry slaughterhouses.

Salmonella is the leading cause of human foodborne infections in Latin America, and poultry meat is one of the main vehicles. Small poultry slaughterhouses (fewer than 200 birds slaughtered per day) represent an important economic activity in certain regions. The slaughtering process in these abattoirs is manual and rudimentary, and frequently the hygienic conditions are poor. This study reports results of a detailed evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in carcasses, utensils, and environmental samples collected in 60 small Brazilian slaughterhouses. In the second step of the study, one of these slaughterhouses was selected to monitor the dissemination of Salmonella along the slaughtering process. For testing, conventional procedures were used: preenrichment in buffered peptone water (35 degrees C for 24 h), selective enrichment in Selenite-cystine (35 degrees C for 24 h), tetrathionate and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broths (42 degrees C for 24 h), plating on bismuth-sulfite and brilliant green agars (35 degrees C for 24 h), proper biochemical testing, and complete serotyping. Forty-one percent of samples harbored Salmonella spp., including 42% of carcasses, 23.1% of utensils, 71.4% of water, and 71.4% of freezers and refrigerators. Seventeen serotypes were detected. Salmonella Enteritidis predominated (30%), followed by Salmonella Albany (12%), Salmonella Hadar (12%), Salmonella Indiana (10%), and I 4,12:z:- (8%). All samples collected along the slaughtering process in the selected slaughterhouse were Salmonella positive. Five serotypes were detected, including Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Emek, and Salmonella Indiana. More than 30% of the samples contained more than one serotype, and 12.5% presented three serotypes. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella in small slaughterhouses reinforces the need for implementation of effective control measures.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2001

Herd level husbandry factors associated with the serological Salmonella prevalence in finishing pig herds in The Netherlands.

A national program to reduce Salmonella in pork and pork products should include monitoring and intervention at farm level. To develop an adequate intervention strategy at farm level, risk factors for Salmonella infections in finishing pigs have to be determined. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly at two slaughterhouses from slaughter pigs. Samples were tested by the Dutch Salmonella ELISA, based on the O-antigens 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12, using a cut-off of OD%=10. This ELISA has been calibrated against the Danish ELISA to give comparable results. Workers from herds from which at least forty blood samples had been collected, were asked to participate in a questionnaire. In total, 353 questionnaires were obtained and analysed. Significant risk factors associated with the proportion of seropositive samples were identified by multiple linear logistic regression. The feeding of a complete liquid feed containing fermented by-products and the omission of disinfection after pressure washing a compartment as part of an all-in/all-out procedure, were both associated with a lower Salmonella seroprevalence. A small to moderate herd size (<800 finishing pigs), a previous diagnosis of clinical Salmonella infection in the herd, the use of tylosin as an antimicrobial growth promoter in finishing feed, or herds which had more than 16% of the livers of their pigs condemned at the slaughterhouse as a result of white spots were associated with a higher Salmonella seroprevalence. Hypothetical intervention strategies based on these risk factors can be studied for their effect on the Salmonella seroprevalence and practical applicability in field studies.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

Health promotion approach for the control of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Nepal: emphasis on an environmental assessment.

Green and Kreuter define health promotion as the use of both education and ecology to encourage and support living conditions conducive to good health. Their PRECEDE-PROCEED model delineates a practical way to cope with health problems using this definition. Applying PRECEDE to Nepal helps identify the steps needed to control the ever-increasing incidence of food-borne parasitic zoonoses (FBPZ) there and in other South Asian countries. In executing the first five steps of the model, we focused on behavioral and environmental assessments to find a method for controlling FBPZ. Through these two assessments, we identified the following behavioral and environmental objectives: establish a meat inspection system by 2003, establish training programs on safe meat production and selling practices by 2003, improve slaughterhouses and slaughtering practices by 2003. The educational and ecological assessments revealed that the necessary predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors for appropriate control of FBPZ are present in Nepal, while an administration and policy assessment shows Nepal meets PRECEDE requirements through its recent meat inspection legislation. Although the data for each element of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model are limited in Nepal, they clearly tell us to move forward to the PROCEED stage to control FBPZ there as well as in all of South Asia.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of stress-induced changes in meat quality with thermolysed brewer's yeast of high nucleotide content in pigs.

The effect exerted by a biogenic performance enhancer of high nucleotide content on meat quality in 20 Norwegian Landrace pigs (90 to 95 kg) was examined. The diet of the treated group was supplemented with the performance enhancer for the last 30 days of fattening. The stress effect was transport to the slaughterhouse and slaughter itself. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, glucose and cortisol concentrations, and muscle pH were determined. Serious stress damage was found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle, as indicated by the high CK (980 U/L), LDH (> 1600 U/L) and AST (67 U/L) activities in the untreated group; values were significantly lower in the experimental pigs (458, 468 and 17 U/L, respectively). There were no significant differences in glucose and cortisol concentrations between the two groups. In the control group the pH values were significantly lower and more muscle samples showed PSE character than in the treated group (75 and 30%, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Incidence of Salmonella in five Swedish slaughterhouses.

Five Swedish slaughterhouses where pig slaughter takes place were sampled and tested for Salmonella. Each slaughterhouse was visited six times, and sampling was done repeatedly at specific points in the slaughter line during the day. Both sampling of pork carcasses and the slaughterhouse environment was done. This study was part of a larger European project, entitled Salmonella in Pork (Salinpork), with the aim of identifying specific risk points or risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination that contribute to health hazards for humans. During the study, a total of 3,388 samples from the five slaughterhouses were collected and cultured for Salmonella. All of the samples were culture negative for Salmonella.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Salmonella on pig carcasses: positive pigs and cross contamination in the slaughterhouse.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs at the moment of slaughter and in the slaughterhouse environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, five different commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during eight slaughterhouse visits. Carcass swabs, colon content and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken to reflect the animal status and from the slaughterhouse environmental samples were taken. Salmonella was isolated from 37% of the carcass samples as a mean value. High variations were noticed between different slaughterhouses (between 0 and 70%) and sampling days in the same abattoir (between 3 and 52%). A correlation was found between the carcass contamination and the status of the delivered animals (P=0.01675). Cross contamination was estimated to account for 29% of the positive carcasses. The slaughterhouse environment was highly contaminated; before starting the slaughtering activities 25% of the samples were positive on average. The most prevalent serotypes isolated at the slaughterhouse environment and from the colon content were S. Typhimurium, S. Livingstone and S. Derby. On carcasses S. Typhimurium was predominately isolated (71%). The biggest variability of serotypes was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Serologically 56.3% of the pigs were found positive for Salmonella using a cut-off level of the optical density percentage higher than 10 (O.D.% > or = 10). While on individual pig level the correlation between the bacteriological and serological data was poor, because of recent Salmonella infections, a better correlation was found at the herd level on the moment of slaughtering. CONCLUSION: A high degree of carcass contamination is noticed after slaughtering. This contamination resulted from the delivery of Salmonella-positive pigs and cross-contamination from the slaughterhouse environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In pigs, Salmonella carriage is high, but it is obvious that slaughterhouse hygiene is a determinative factor for managing carcass contamination.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of IS200-PCR and comparison with other molecular markers To trace Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium bovine isolates from farm to meat.

A procedure that uses an original molecular marker (IS200-PCR) and that is based on the amplification of DNA with outward-facing primers complementary to each end of IS200 has been evaluated with a collection of 85 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates. These strains were isolated from a group of 10 cows at different stages: during transportation between the farm and the slaughterhouse, on the slaughter line, from the environment, and from the final product (ground beef). The 85 isolates were characterized by their antibiotic resistance patterns and were compared by IS200-PCR and by use of four other genotypic markers. Those markers included restriction profiles for 16S and 23S rRNA (ribotypes) and amplification profiles obtained by different approaches: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, and PCR ribotyping. The results of the IS200-PCR were in accordance with those of other molecular typing methods for this collection of isolates. Five different genotypes were found, which made it possible to refine the hypotheses on transmission obtained from phenotypic results. The genotyping results indicated the massive contamination of the whole group of animals and of the environment by one clonal strain originally recovered from one cow that excreted the strain. On the other hand, a few animals and their environment appeared to be simultaneously contaminated with genetically different strains.

Amoxicillin↗