PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “SPHINCTER VESICAE MUSCLE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Electromyography of the sphincter vesicae externus muscle. Technique, indications and outcome].

Electrophysiological examinations provide important findings for the clarification of urogenital dysfunctions. A routine electromyogram (EMG) of the external anal sphincter is used together with stimulation of the pudendal nerve to determine lesions of the somatomotor tract. An alternative is the electromyographical examination of the external vesical sphincter. This special method requires more time and sufficient experience. We see an indication for EMG of the voluntary vesical sphincter in urogenital dysfunctions that cannot be sufficiently differentiated with EMG of the external anal sphincter and also in disturbances that selectively affect the external vesical sphincter.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1994

A new theory of micturition and urinary continence based on histomorphological studies. 2. The musculus sphincter vesicae: continence or sexual function?

Results of a histomorphological study of serial sections carried out in frontal, transversal and sagittal directions in 65 bladder necks are presented. It is shown that the trigonal system of the urinary bladder consists of two anatomical structures: first, of a muscle originating from the muscle system of both ureters and converging to form within the bladder the interureteric ridge, the musculus interuretericus and of a second structure forming the actual trigonum vesicae. It is the musculus sphincter trigonalis or musculus sphincter vesicae. This muscle elliptically embraces the internal urethral orifice and is only formed by one muscle lamella. It does not as has often been described extend in any form to the urethra or to the surroundings. The so-called Bell muscle does not exist. During the reproductive years the lower part of the sphincter trigonalis is strongly pervaded with prostate tissue. This could enable the muscle to have a double function: a continence function in accordance with a consequent distinction between the urinary bladder and the urethra as urinary and sexual tract, and during ejaculation the muscle could prevent the retrograde ejaculation and on the other hand the contraction of the muscle could lead to the release of the prostate secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Urinary incontinence in epispadias and bladder exstrophy with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

This is a report on 16 patients with epispadias of grades II to IV and on 35 patients with exstrophy of the bladder, grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in children with epispadias, simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four patients were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one patient after Ombrédanne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 patients were continent already before the operation. 4 children were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 children remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four patients. A total of 45 operations were performed on children with exstrophy of the bladder. Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 patients with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three children only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two patients. Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 children, in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All children were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two patients with bladder exstrophy remain incontinent, in one patient with epispadias the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating urinary incontinence, the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in patients with bladder exstrophy the indication should be considered with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A new theory of micturition and urinary continence based on histomorphological studies. 1. The musculus detrusor vesicae: occlusive function or support of micturition?

Micturition and urinary continence theories have been under discussion since the last century. Up to now all these theories have been unsatisfactory. There is an obvious discrepance between the anatomical presentation and the clinical perceptions and physiological phenomena. This was the reason for a renewed and global examination of the whole distal urinary tract. The results are published in five successive papers. Our own examinations are based on 30,000 serial sections of the bladder neck taken from 65 male and female cadavers of all age groups. The muscle system of the urinary bladder consists of a network of smooth muscle cells forming three layers. Caudally the longitudinal muscle layers form two special recently described structures: the collare vesicae and nodus vesicae. None of the muscle systems of the urinary bladder leaves the spatial dimension of the organ. Simply two anatomical structures fix the urinary bladder in the pelvis. Dorsally it is the musculus vesicoprostaticus and the musculus vesicovaginalis, respectively; ventrally the existence of the musculi pubovesicales is introduced. There is no involvement of the lamellas of the bladder muscles in the formation of the urinary sphincter. Therefore the morphological substrate for a hitherto generally acknowledge contribution of the detrusor vesicae to the active continence function does not exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Anatomic basis of micturition and urinary continence. Muscle systems in urinary bladder neck during ageing.

Dorschner et al have described the unique function and form of several different muscle systems of the urinary bladder neck. If these systems have different functional responsibilities, then the muscles must undergo different ageing processes, as stated in the theory of function-dependent ageing. One characteristic of histologic ageing is the change over time in the proportion of muscle cells to connective tissue, a phenomenon we have demonstrated in both the ciliary muscle and in the two muscle systems of the small intestine. Using an SIS-Image Analysing System, we have now measured automatically the ratios of muscle cells to connective tissue in sections from several regions of the urinary bladder neck, taken from 50 male and 15 female cadavers. Our results confirm new functional explanations of the different muscle systems in the bladder neck. The relative volume of muscle cells in both the sphincter trigonalis m. and the dilator urethrae m. diminishes continuously with age. In the ejaculatorius m., however, the volume of muscle cells first increases until beginning at the end of the third decade, it decreases until senescence. As was presumed, the proportion of muscle cells in the detrusor vesicae m. does not decline during the later decades. The volume of muscle cells and fibers in both urethral sphincter muscles, however, decreases with age, beginning in early childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sphincteric musculature of female canine urethra in comparison to woman including 3D reconstruction.

The circular arranged sphincteric musculature of bladder neck of female dogs and women were studied histomorphologically. 3D reconstructions of the anatomy of the bladder neck improve the understanding of construction principles of the musculature of the lower urinary tract and help to compare both species. Our own investigations based on 12 adult female canine and 15 female human autopsy preparations. The special feature of our study was the extensive en bloc preparation of all the organs of the lower urinary tract and surrounding organs. The organ blocks were reprocessed in complete serial sections from the bladder outlet down to the bulb of vestibuli. Despite different detailed construction, in both species the striated sphincter musculature of the urethra is an independent morphological unit. There is no continuation of pelvic floor muscles to the urethra. In humans, the urethral sphincter consists of a smooth muscular part (m. sphincter urethrae glaber) and a striated part (m. sphincter urethrae transversostriatus). In the female dog, striated muscle fibres encircle the urethra in the middle third exclusively. In the distal third of the urethra, it encircles the urethra and the vagina. In the female dog, the lamellae of detrusor continue directly to the urethra. Throughout the cranial and middle third of the urethra, smooth muscle cell bundles form a homogenous compact sphincteric muscle originating from the middle circular layer of detrusor. In that way, no true bladder neck sphincter according to the m. sphincter vesicae in women exists in dogs. According to the smooth muscular part of the m. sphincter urethrae in women, for this musculature the term m. sphincter urethrae glaber is suggested. Despite a superficial resemblance, this study revealed a considerable difference of circular sphincteric muscle components between female dog and woman suggesting that functional studies in respect to urinary continence obtained in dogs cannot be attributed without qualification to humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Muscle systems of the lower urinary tract of the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): histomorphology and 3-dimensional reconstruction.

PURPOSE: The structure and function of the lower urinary tract are still a subject of controversial discussion. Experiments in various animals, including rhesus monkeys, are often performed to improve the understanding of human physiology without adequate knowledge of anatomical differences. Therefore, a detailed study of the lower urinary tract of the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was performed to elucidate anatomical correspondences in rhesus monkeys and humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lower urinary tract anatomy and histomorphology were investigated in male rhesus monkeys on serial sections. To differentiate striated and smooth muscle immunohistochemical staining was done. Three-dimensional reconstructions were developed to demonstrate the topography of the muscle systems. RESULTS: We identified certain systems, including detrusor musculature extending on the bladder neck, a ventral longitudinal muscle system of the bladder neck, continuation of the musculature of the ureters to the verumontanum, a urethral sphincter consisting of a striated and a smooth muscle part, musculature between the urethra and rectum, and a striated longitudinal muscle system ventral to the urethral sphincter. The prostate gland of the rhesus monkey does not encircle the urethra but is attached dorsolateral. The internal sphincter (musculus sphincter vesicae) of humans does not exist in the rhesus monkey. The longitudinal systems of the urethra differ significantly from those in humans. CONCLUSIONS: Due to significant differences in lower urinary tract anatomy the suitability of the male rhesus monkey seems limited as an animal model for humans. It is not suitable for studying the longitudinal muscle systems of the human bladder neck.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Is the male dog comparable to human? A histological study of the muscle systems of the lower urinary tract.

Because of their superficial anatomical resemblance, the male dog seems to be suitable for studying the physiologic and pathological alterations of the bladder neck of human males. The present study was carried out to compare and contrast the muscular anatomy of the male dog lower urinary tract with that of humans. The complete lower urinary tract, including the surrounding organs (bulb of penis, prostate, rectum and musculature of the pelvic floor) were removed from adult and newborn male dogs and histologically processed using serial section technique. Based on our own histological investigations, three-dimensional (3D)-models of the anatomy of the lower urinary tract were constructed to depict the corresponding structures and the differences between the species. The results of this study confirm that the lower urinary tract of the male dog bears some anatomical resemblance (musculus detrusor vesicae, prostate, prostatic and membranous urethra) to man. As with human males, the two parts of the musculus sphincter urethrae (glaber and transversostriatus) are evident in the canine bladder neck. Nevertheless, considerable differences in formation of individual muscles should be noted. In male dogs, no separate anatomic entity can be identified as vesical or internal sphincter. The individual course of the ventral and lateral longitudinal musculature and of the circularly arranged smooth musculature of the urethra is different to that of humans. Differences in the anatomy of individual muscles of the bladder neck in the male dog and man suggest that physiological interpretations of urethral functions obtained in one species cannot be attributed without qualification to the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Pharmacological action of cattle prostate extracts (PE). V. Effect on the bladder].

As the extract of cattle prostate (PE) is clinically effective in treating prostatic hypertrophy, a study was carried out on urinary bladders of rat, guinea pig, rabbit and dog as well as on guinea pig ileum. Muscle strip of rat and/or dog bladder contracted with PE with increasing spontaneous movement, and was unaffected by atropine. The isolated ileum of guinea pig also contracted with PE, and the contraction was inhibited by papaverine, but not by atropine. A rise in intravesical pressure was observed with increasing spontaneous movement in guinea pig bladder treated with PE, as well as in rabbit bladder in vitro or in situ. The sphincter vesica of guinea pig was dilated by PE as well as by ACh and methacholine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Number of fibres and fibre diameter distributions of nerves innervating the urinary bladder in humans. Acceptor nerve analysis. II.(IV).

1. The nerves innervating the urinary bladder were analysed morphometrically for their nerve fibre number and their nerve fibre group composition. 2. The nervi pelvini contained about 4000 myelinated nerve fibres, the nervi rectales inferiores and perineales 1700 and the nervus hypogastricus 2000 fibres. 3. An upper limit for somatic sphincteric alpha 2-motoneurons was 30 in the nervi rectales inferiores and perineales. The nervi pelvini contained about 400 fibres with diameters between 7 and 15 microns and myelin sheath thicknesses between 1.8 and 2.3 microns. Some of these thick nerve fibres could innervate the external urethral sphincter. It is estimated that the number of efferent parasympathetic fibres in the nervi pelvini on one side was about 800, which makes about 20% of all the myelinated fibres of the nervi pelvini. 4. It is discussed that efferent fibres to the external bladder sphincter may lead through the nervi pelvini or a direct branch instead of leading through the pudendal nerve. 5. In the Clinical Implications it is summarized that one intercostal nerve (9000 afferents, 1000 efferents) with its dissectable skin (3000 aff), muscle (300 aff, 300 eff) and mixed branches (2500 aff, 1500 eff) contains enough myelinated fibres for a reinnervation of the detrusor (3200 aff, 800 eff), the external anal and bladder sphincters (30 aff, 30 eff), the mucosa of the urethra, trigonum vesicae and anal canal (200 aff) and the lower sacral skin (6000 aff) on one side if one intends to restorate urinary bladder function in paraplegia by a nerve anastomosis. Reasons for a loss of plasticity of the injured spinal cord are given.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Anatomic principles of urinary incontinence].

The morphological fundamentals of urinary continence are still subject to controversy. This was the reason for a renewed examination of the sphincter musculature of the lower urinary tract. This study included 50 male and 15 female autopsy specimens. The organs of the lower urinary tract including the neighboring organs had been removed in their entirety and histologically reprocessed en bloc as a complete series of sections. We were able to demonstrate that the internal sphincter or m. sphincter vesicae is represented as a circular, distinct structure which elliptically embraces the internal urethral orifice. Lamellas of the detrusor are not involved in the formation of the internal sphincter. In females and males, the external sphincter consists of a striated and a smooth muscular part (m. sphincter urethrae transversostriatus et glaber). In transverse sections, the muscle has a horseshoe shape. It is completely separated by connective tissue from the musculature of the pelvic floor. A deep transverse perineal muscle does not exist. The histological findings were used for the construction of a digital three-dimensional model of the anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Computer animations of the model with integrated original histologies were generated and stored as a computer video on a CD-ROM attached to this journal.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1984

Pelvic nerve innervation of the external sphincter of urethra as suggested by urodynamic and horse-radish peroxidase studies.

In view of the fact that the detrusor vesicae and external urethral sphincter perform closely synergic functions in micturition, experiments were conducted to explore the action of the pelvic efferent neurons on the external urethral sphincter. The pelvic efferent neurons are generally recognized, by urodynamic assessments and histochemical study with the technique of retrograde axonal transport of horse-radish peroxidase, to innervate the vesical detrusor. In 7 of 15 adult dogs studied, the external urethral sphincter continued to show a normal synergic electromyogram pattern with enhanced electrical activity on vesical distention and disappearance of discharges on vesical contraction even after bilateral transection of the pudendal nerves. The electrical discharges ceased in the sphincter only after subsequent bilateral pelvic neurotomy. Horse-radish peroxidase-positive cells were demonstrated in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial nuclei and in the Onuf nucleus of the sacral cord in approximately half the dogs whose pelvic nerve was injected with the plant peroxidase. The results suggest that the pelvic nerve may contain somatic fibers innervating the external urethral sphincter.

Animals↗