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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparison of a new dental trauma splint device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques.

Splinting is the standard of care for stabilization of replanted or repositioned permanent teeth following trauma. The present experimental study compared four dental trauma splints in 10 volunteers. The evaluated splints included a wire-composite splint (WCS), a button-bracket splint (BS), a resin splint (RS), and a new device (TTS=Titanium Trauma Splint) specifically developed for splinting traumatized teeth. All splints were bonded to the labial surfaces of the maxillary lateral and central incisors. Splints were left in place for 1 week. After splint removal, the next splint was placed after a 1-week rest period. The sequence of splint application was randomized for each individual. The following parameters were assessed: tooth mobility with horizontal and vertical Periotest values (PTV) before and after splint application and splint removal, respectively; probing depths, plaque and bleeding on probing indices before splint application and removal, and chair time needed for splint application and removal. After splint application, horizontal PTV were significantly lower in central incisors for BS compared to TTS (P=0.04), and for RS compared to TTS (P=0.005) and to WCS (P=0.006). Reduction of lateral tooth mobility (=splint effect) expressed by the difference between horizontal pre- and postoperative PTV was significantly greater in RS compared to TTS and WCS (P<0.05) for central as well as for lateral incisors. However, changes of vertical tooth mobility were not significant across the splinting techniques. Periodontal parameters remained unchanged, reflecting the excellent oral hygiene by the study subjects. The chair time needed for splint application was significantly shorter for TTS (P<0.01). In conclusion, all tested splints appeared to maintain physiologic vertical and horizontal tooth mobility. However, the latter was critically reduced in RS splints.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2001

Patient preference for light-cured composite bite splint compared to heat-cured acrylic bite splint.

BACKGROUND: Heat-cured acrylic has been the most commonly used material for construction of bite splints. Although effective, its processing involves several steps and is time consuming. Furthermore, acrylic splints distort easily if not kept in water when not worn for long periods of time. A newly developed light-cured composite material is now being used for bite splint fabrication. The composite material offers benefits in ease and speed of construction, has minimal warping and distortion, and has proven patient acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine if patient satisfaction with the composite splint was as good as, or preferential to, the acrylic splint. METHODS: Both a composite and an acrylic bite splint were fabricated for each of 10 patients. The splints were worn alternately on a nightly basis and were adjusted as needed after the first week. After 3 weeks, each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the properties of each splint and any preferences they had in reference to fit, comfort, and other parameters of satisfaction. RESULTS: All of the patients were able to wear at least one of the splints comfortably. All 10 preferred the composite splint over the acrylic splint, agreeing that it felt more natural and was more comfortable to wear. CONCLUSIONS: The light-cured composite bite splint is preferable from the patient's perspective to the heat-cured acrylic bite splint. The composite splint is rapidly constructed on the original model, easily seated, and comfortably worn. Other properties of composite material also make it preferable for long-term use. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the functional differences between the composite and acrylic splint.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2002

Comfort and discomfort of dental trauma splints - a comparison of a new device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques.

The present experimental study compared four dental trauma splints in 10 volunteers. The evaluated splints included a wire-composite splint (WCS), a button-bracket splint (BS), a resin splint (RS), and the newly developed titanium trauma splint (TTS). All splints were bonded to the labial surfaces of the maxillary lateral and central incisors and left in place for 1 week. After splint removal, the next splint was placed after a 1-week rest period. The sequence of splint application was randomized for each individual. The following subjective parameters were assessed using a visual analogue scale: sensitiveness of splinted teeth, irritation of the gingival margin, irritation of the lips, impairment of speech, eating and oral hygiene. The results show that the application of BS leads to a significantly higher irritation of the lips and greater impairment of speech compared to other splints (P < 0.05). The RS leads to an increased and significantly higher irritation of the gingiva (P < 0.05) owing to a significant increase in cleaning difficulties (P < 0.05). In conclusion, WCS and TTS appear to be more accepted splints according to a subjective assessment by 10 volunteers.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2003

Nail-splinting technique for ingrown nails: the therapeutic effects and the proper removal time of the splint.

BACKGROUND: An ingrown nail is a common disorder that occurs most frequently in the great toe and causes much discomfort in patients. Although many therapeutic methods have been described, most of them can lead to severe damage to the nail or to frequent relapses. The nail-splinting technique is known to be a noninvasive therapeutic method for treating an ingrown nail. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to access the recurrence rate of the nail-splinting technique and to determine the proper removal time of the splint from the ingrown nail. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with ingrown nail were treated with the nail-splinting technique. Subjects were randomized into two groups. For group 1 (28 patients), the splint was removed splint 3 days after treatment, whereas for group 2 (29 patients), the splint was removed splint 2 weeks after treatment. All patients underwent a follow-up examination at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment and were evaluated for tissue status and level of pain. After 1 year, we evaluated the rate of recurrence by means of a telephone interview with each patient. RESULTS: A low recurrence rate (8.7%) for the nail-splinting technique was observed in both groups (7.1% in group 1 vs. 10.3% in group 2). The tissue status and level of pain were found to improve with time, with no statistical significance between the two groups (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the nail-splinting technique constitutes a very simple and effective, noninvasive therapeutic method for treating ingrown nail. We suggest that the 3-day nail-splinting technique is the most useful when the nail is intact or has only a slight defect.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Radiological assessment of the effects of splinting on early hip development: results from a randomised controlled trial of abduction splinting vs sonographic surveillance.

Whilst delayed treatment of fully dislocated hips diagnosed at birth prejudices final outcome, splinting clinically dislocatable hips is controversial as the majority stabilise spontaneously. Early stabilisation may not ensure normal development but even early splinting carries a small risk of avascular necrosis. We report radiological data from 76 newborns with dislocatable hips that were randomised either to immediate splinting or to sonographic surveillance which examines the influence of early splinting on hip development. Epiphyseal maturation (EM), iliac indentation (II) and acetabular angle (AA) were assessed radiographically at 6 months, blind to the treatment group; hips with normal sonograms at birth had greater EM and II and smaller AA. Whilst clinically unstable Graf type 1 and 2A hips were radiologically similar at 6 months, those splinted showed poorer EM and II compared with non-splinted hips. There were no cases of avascular necrosis. Abduction splinting may displace the femoral capital epiphysis medially resulting in poorer iliac indentation. The smaller epiphysis in splinted infants may be secondary to altered blood supply due to increased pressure between the femoral head and acetabulum and increased tension of the adductor muscles in the thigh. These differences were less marked by 1 year. Whether they have any long-term significance requires further study.

Bone Development↗
PubMed2001

Splinting of traumatized teeth with a new device: TTS (Titanium Trauma Splint).

Displacement injuries of permanent teeth are an increasing emergency in the dental office. Children and adolescents are particularly prone to dental trauma due to participation in risky activities. Repositioning or replantation with subsequent stabilization by a dental splint is the standard of care for most displaced or avulsed permanent teeth. Non-rigid fixation allowing physiologic tooth mobility has been shown to be desirable for periodontal healing. A flexible splint of short duration appears to reduce the risk of dentoalveolar ankylosis or external replacement resorption. Different splinting techniques are currently recommended for stabilization of repositioned or replanted teeth, including a wire-composite splint, an orthodontic bracket splint or a resin splint. Each splinting option has its specific advantages and shortcomings. This paper describes a new splinting technique which offers improved comfort and handling to the patient and dentist alike.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The pattern of splint usage in the management of two common temporomandibular disorders. Part II: The stabilisation splint in the treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the stabilisation splint is a suitable treatment for pain dysfunction syndrome and to determine the most appropriate pattern of usage. DESIGN: Prospective random control clinical trial. SETTING: Dental school clinic unit. SUBJECTS: 70 patients diagnosed with pain dysfunction syndrome were treated with a stabilisation splint for 3 months. Group 1 (23 patients) wore the splint 24 hours/day. Group 2 (19 patients) wore the splint only during the day. Group 3 (28 patients) wore the splint only at night. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant advantage to any pattern of splint usage; all groups showed a marked improvement by subjective and objective assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients being treated for pain dysfunction syndrome by a stabilisation splint need wear the splint only at night.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The Reel Splint: experience with a new traction splint apparatus in the prehospital setting.

A new lower extremity splint apparatus was applied by paramedics to 50 patients in the prehospital setting to manage a total of 60 injuries. The Reel Splint was designed to provide stabilization with or without traction to a variety of angulated lower extremity fractures/dislocations. In 37 instances (74%), the splint was judged by the rescuers to be superior to the standard Thomas splint. In this series the splint was used successfully for extrication , to immobilize deformed limbs, and to provide traction for the restoration and maintenance of peripheral circulation, with frequent pain relief. No deleterious functional complexities or manufacturing defects were identified. The Reel Splint is a uniquely useful alternative to currently available splints.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of two splints in the treatment of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. Can occlusal analysis be used to predict success of splint therapy?

Controversy surrounds the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome (TMJPDS). This is also reflected in the widely divergent recommendations in splint design. A study was undertaken to examine the comparative success rates of treatment by two occlusal splints with apparently diametrically opposed modes of action and to determine whether there were any factors which could be utilised to predict the success of splint therapy. Sixty-eight TMJPDS patients were randomly distributed into one of two comparable groups and were treated solely with an occlusal splint for night time wear. One group was treated with a stabilisation splint (SS) and the other with a localised occlusal interference splint (LOIS). The success rate at review with the SS was 67.6% and with the LOIS was 80.9%. This difference was not statistically significant. Pretreatment occlusal analysis demonstrated three indicators of successful splint therapy which appeared to be independent of design. These were the absence of centric relation occlusion, the existence of non-working side interferences and an absence of ideal anterior guidance.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

To splint or not to splint--past philosophy and present practice: Part I.

The purposes of this study were to document (1) the historical use of splints, (2) record the current practice of splint application, and (3) compare splint philosophy of the past with present practice. One hundred burn references were reviewed for information on the past use of splints. Present practice was determined on the basis of a survey of 99 burn centers. Information is presented as to when splints are applied to burn patients in their course of recovery for 12 body areas prone to scar contracture. The influence of burn depth is noted. A change in the practice of applying splints to burn patients appears to have occurred. Part I of this series describes the global results and details whether splints are necessary.

Burn Units↗
PubMed2002

The efficacy of the Pavlik harness, the Craig splint and the von Rosen splint in the management of neonatal dysplasia of the hip. A comparative study.

We have reviewed the outcome of 134 hips in 96 children with Graf type-III or type-IV dysplasia of the hip on ultrasound examination. We treated 28 affected hips in 22 children with the Craig splint, 43 hips in 30 children with the Pavlik harness, and 26 hips in 16 children with the von Rosen splint. A total of 37 affected hips in 28 children was not splinted. All children were less than three months of age at referral. Those treated with the von Rosen splint had a significantly better ultrasound appearance at 12 to 20 weeks of age and fewer radiological abnormalities than those not splinted or treated with the Pavlik harness. In the von Rosen group no hip required further treatment with an abduction plaster or operation compared with ten in the Pavlik harness group, three in the Craig splint group and eight in the group without splintage. Our results suggest that the von Rosen splint is more likely to improve the outcome of neonatal dysplasia of the hip and a definitive, large-scale randomised trial is therefore indicated.

Female↗
PubMed1973

The vacuum splint: an aid in emergency splinting of fractures.

The vacuum splint has been shown to be a simple, safe and effective method of emergency splinting of fractured extremities. The splint is simply constructed from clear vinyl sheeting and contains 2-mm. expanded polystyrene balls. Evacuation of air causes the splint to become rigid, thereby providing stability and immobilization of the limb. The splint is radiolucent, containing no obstructive metal components that would interfere with the radiographic appearance of the injured limb. The ease of application of this splint makes it especially effective for the emergency splinting of fractures in children.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Anterior repositioning splint in the treatment of temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking: comparison with a flat occlusal splint and an untreated control group.

The anterior repositioning splint is widely used to treat temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking. This treatment was compared to a flat occlusal splint and to an untreated control group. The anterior repositioning splint decreased joint pain at rest, during chewing, and during protrusion. Reciprocal clicking was eliminated and palpatory tenderness of the joint and muscles was reduced. This favorable effect was of short duration. The majority of the patients reported pain and clicking and demonstrated tenderness following removal of the splint after 6 weeks' treatment. The flat occlusal splint decreased joint tenderness but did not affect clicking or muscle tenderness. In the control group the clicking remained and the frequency of muscle tenderness increased. The results indicate that temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking can be successfully treated by positioning the mandible anteriorly. Since the symptoms returned when the splint was removed a more permanent change of mandibular position seems necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The pattern of splint usage in the management of two common temporomandibular disorders. Part I: The anterior repositioning splint in the treatment of disc displacement with reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the anterior repositioning splint is suitable treatment for temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction and to determine the most appropriate pattern of usage. DESIGN: Prospective random control clinical trial. SETTING: Dental school clinic unit. SUBJECTS: Three groups of patients were treated, wearing the splint either during the day or at night or all the time. RESULTS: 69% of patients could be classed as improvers, by subjective and objective assessments, at final review (3 months after treatment with an anterior repositioning splint). 88% of patients who wore the splint for 24 hours per day improved over the 3-month period; this improvement was statistically significant when compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: An anterior repositioning splint is an appropriate method of treatment for disc displacement with reduction. Patients should wear the splint 24 hours a day.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study of orthoplast cock-up splints versus ready-made Droitwich work splints in juvenile chronic arthritis.

A comparative study of a purpose-made cock-up orthoplast splint with a ready-made Camp Droitwich splint, was undertaken in 12 children with juvenile chronic arthritis involving the wrists and carpi. The splints were randomly allocated so that in half, the dominant hand received the orthoplast and in half the non-dominant. Assessments of joint range, grip strength and functional activities were undertaken at 3 and 6 months after use of the splint; the durability of the splints was also assessed. Overall both splints performed their function adequately, the Camp Droitwich being preferred for comfort, but the orthoplast maintaining a slightly better joint position.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1995

"Splint-top" fracture of the forearm: a description of an in-line skating injury associated with the use of protective wrist splints.

Upper extremity injuries are commonly seen in the sport of in-line skating. The use of protective equipment, including wrist splints, has been advocated as a means to decrease both the incidence and severity of upper extremity injuries in this sport. We report on four cases of open forearm fractures in the in-line skaters that occurred adjacent to the proximal border of the wrist splints. The unusual nature of these injuries and the location of the fractures in relation to the location of the splints suggest that the two may be mechanistically related. The splint and distal forearm may act as a single unit to convert the impact from the level of the wrist to a torque moment, with the fulcrum located at the proximal border of the splint. The energy from the fall is then dissipated by the fracturing of the forearm bones at this level. These cases suggest that the use of wrist splints may be associated with their own specific set of injury patterns.

Adult↗