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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

SEROLOGY, DENSITY, AND MORPHOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL PHAGES.

Rosenblum, E. D. (The University of Texas, Dallas), and Sue Tyrone. Serology, density, and morphology of staphylococcal phages. J. Bacteriol. 88:1737-1742. 1964.-A correlation between serology, buoyant density, and morphology has been demonstrated for six serological groups of staphylococcal phages. Four morphological types have been observed and represent the following serological groups: (i) group A, (ii) groups B, F, and L, (iii) group D, and (iv) group G. The correlations were useful in the detection of serological variation among several staphylococcal typing phages.

Cell Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Multiple enzymatic activities of the murein hydrolase from staphylococcal phage phi11. Identification of a D-alanyl-glycine endopeptidase activity.

Bacteriophage muralytic enzymes degrade the cell wall envelope of staphylococci to release phage particles from the bacterial cytoplasm. Murein hydrolases of staphylococcal phages phi11, 80alpha, 187, Twort, and phiPVL harbor a central domain that displays sequence homology to known N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl amidases; however, their precise cleavage sites on the staphylococcal peptidoglycan have thus far not been determined. Here we examined the properties of the phi11 enzyme to hydrolyze either the staphylococcal cell wall or purified cell wall anchor structures attached to surface protein. Our results show that the phi11 enzyme has D-alanyl-glycyl endopeptidase as well as N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl amidase activity. Analysis of a deletion mutant lacking the amidase-homologous sequence, phi11(Delta181-381), revealed that the D-alanyl-glycyl endopeptidase activity is contained within the N-terminal 180 amino acid residues of the polypeptide chain. Sequences similar to this N-terminal domain are found in the murein hydrolases of staphylococcal phages but not in those of phages that infect other Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria or Bacillus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1962

SEROLOGY AND TRANSDUCTION IN STAPHYLOCOCCAL PHAGE.

Dowell, C. E. (The University of Texas, Dallas) and E. D. Rosenblum. Serology and transduction in staphylococcal phage. J. Bacteriol. 84:1071-1075. 1962.-A triply lysogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus was shown to carry a serological group B phage capable of transduction. Three typing phages (53, 80, 42D), either belonging to serological group B or having a close association with it, were also shown to have transducing ability. A rapid screening method was used to isolate two new transducing phages, both of which belonged to serological group B. Propagating strain 42B/47C was found to carry a transducing phage that was neutralized by both group B and group F antisera. Nine other phages belonging to serological groups other than group B did not have generalized transducing ability, nor did three group B typing phages that were atypical in their calcium requirement. It was postulated that transducing ability is associated with staphylococcal phages of serological group B and with related phages of group F.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1962

CHARACTERISTICS OF A STAPHYLOCOCCAL PHAGE CAPABLE OF TRANSDUCTION.

Morse, M. L. (University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver) and J. W. LaBelle. Characteristics of a staphylococcal phage capable of transduction. J. Bacteriol. 83:775-780. 1962-The growth of staphylococcal phage 53, a temperate phage, has been studied. The latent periods in nutrient broth are: infected sensitive cells, 45 min; ultraviolet-induced lysogenic cells, 83 min. The burst size, as indicated by one-step growth studies and single-burst experiments, is 25 to 30 particles per lysing cell. Phage particles transducing streptomycin resistance and novobiocin resistance are produced at the same time as nontransducing particles. Some observations have been made on the host, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8511.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Cloning, sequencing, and genetic characterization of regulatory genes, rinA and rinB, required for the activation of staphylococcal phage phi 11 int expression.

The int gene of staphylococcal bacteriophage phi 11 is the only viral gene responsible for the integrative recombination of phi 11. To study the regulation of int gene expression, we determined the 5' end of the transcript by S1 mapping. The presumed promoter is located just 22 nucleotides upstream of the int open reading frame in a region which is conserved between phi 11 and a closely related staphylococcal phage, L54a. To clone the possible regulatory gene, a vector which contained the reporter gene, xylE, of Pseudomonas putida under the control of the phi 11 int promoter was constructed. Subsequently, a 2-kb DNA fragment from the phi 11 genome, which mapped distal to the int gene, was shown to increase the XylE activity from the int promoter. Sequencing and subsequent deletion analysis of the 2-kb fragment revealed that two phi 11 regulatory genes, rinA and rinB, were both required to activate expression of the int gene. Northern (RNA) analysis suggested that the activation was, at least partly, at the transcriptional level. In addition, one of these regulatory genes, rinA, was capable of activating L54a int gene transcription.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Physical mapping of the BglI, BglII, PstI and EcoRI restriction fragments of staphylococcal phage phi 11 DNA.

A cleavage map of the generalized transducing staphylococcal phage phi 11 DNA has been constructed by reciprocal double digestion. All three BglI, the six BglII, the three PstI, and 11 out of 15 EcoRI sites have been mapped. The map is circular, with a total length of 42 kb, and has been divided into 100 map units. The phage DNA is cyclically permuted and has a terminal redundancy of about 11 kb. The preferential starting point and direction for packaging DNA lies at map unit 79 and proceeds towards higher map units.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1975

In vitro human reactivity to staphylococcal phage lysate.

The cell-mediated reactivity of normal individuals to staphylococcal phage lysate (SPL) were tested in vitro in the lymphocyte stimulation (LS) and leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assays. There were 95% positive responses in LS (stimulation ratio larger than or equal to 3 with p less than 0.01) and 67% positive responses in LMI (migration index less than or equal to 0.80). Enriched subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes were prepared with rosette formation and density gradient centrifugation. SPL stimulated lymphoproliferative responses in both T and B cell subpopulations whereas phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated only the T cell subpopulation. Cord blood leukocytes were tested in the LS assay and 41% gave positive responses to SPL, 81% to PHA, and 17% with SLO. SPL appears to be a useful reagent for the in vitro study of cell-mediated reactivity, and may provide somewhat different information from that obtained with other mitogens or antigens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the primary and secondary DNA structure of staphylococcal phage SB-1].

Equilibrium centrifugation, spectral analysis of thermal denaturation and direct chemical determinations showed staphylococcal phage Sb-I DNA to be characterized by a standard set of nitric bases (28.5 mol.2./% G-C). No abnormal bases or other extracomponents were found. From the differential spectral analysis of melting interval it is concluded that G-C pairs are distributed along DNA molecule in a Gauss type. Spectrophotometric and thermodynamic parameters of melting show phage Sv-I DNA to have a typical double-stranded structure. DNA is characterized by enthalpies of conformational transitions of spiral=glome delta H=11.4 cal/g and delta H = 9.7 cal/g for 1 x SSC and 0.1 x SSC diluents, respectively.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1976

Endemicity of multiple staphylococcal phage types: relation of two common source outbreaks.

An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia occurred among patients treated in the hemodialysis unit in 1971. A second outbreak of S. aureus peritonitis occurred in 1973 in patients with chronic indwelling peritoneal catheters cared for together in the medial intensive care unit. Although the attending personnel, patients, and geographical locations were different in each outbreak, the following similarities were notes: (1) more than one phage type was epidemic: (2) an exogenous mode of spread with cross-contamination between personnel and patient as well as between patient and patient, and (3) breaks in sterile technique when handling the arteriovenous shunt site or the peritoneal catheter were made without the staff conducting the procedure being aware of their occurrence. Culture surveys of the same phage types found during the two epidemics. Thus, an endemic reservoir of several different staphylococcal phage types was present. Careful, consistent application of aseptic technique when handling either arteriovenous shunts or peritoneal catheters and hand washing in between patients was required to prevent the endemic strains from becoming epidemic.

Asepsis↗
PubMed1998

The polyvalent staphylococcal phage phi 812: its host-range mutants and related phages.

Ninety-five percent of 782 culture collection strains, as well as hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus of different provenance and 43% of 89 culture collection strains of different coagulase-negative species of the genus Staphylococcus, were found to be sensitive to the polyvalent phage phi 812 or to at least one of its host-range mutants or to the polyvalent phages SK311, phi 131, and U16. Thus sensitivity to the polyvalent staphylococcal phages seems to be one of the common features of S. aureus subsp. aureus strains. The adsorption kinetics and one-step growth characteristics of the phages phi 812 and SK311 were estimated. Restriction genomic maps of the phages phi 812 (146.5 kb) and SK311 (141.1 kb) were constructed by use of the restriction endonucleases AvaII, PstI, KpnI, SacI, SmaI, and XhoI. The host-range mutations of the phage phi 812 were localized on this map. Comparison of restriction patterns of the phages phi 812 and SK311 with those of the polyvalent phages U16 and phi 131 suggests that all these phages are closely related. Their genomes differ from each other mostly by some deletions, insertions (1-3 kb), or inversions. Evidence was given that the phage phi 812 together with SK311, phi 131, and U16 belongs in the phage species Twort, the description of which is substantially supplemented with the data on the phage phi 812 reported in this paper.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1986

Integration of staphylococcal phage L54a occurs by site-specific recombination: structural analysis of the attachment sites.

Lysogenization by staphylococcal phage L54a induces the loss of lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase) activity in its host Staphylococcus aureus. The attachment site of the bacterial chromosome (attB) for the phage is at the 3' end of the lipase gene, geh. The DNA fragment containing the attB (base pairs 2620-2637 inclusive) site has been sequenced. We have also cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragments containing the other three attachment sites--i.e., the attP locus on the circularly permuted phage genome and the attL and attR loci at the left and right ends of the prophage in the lysogenized strain. These results reveal that an 18-base-pair core sequence is common to all four att sites. These data indicate that the crossover point must exist within the core sequence and, further, that integration is site- and orientation-specific. We also localized the viral recombinase gene to a 2.1-kilobase DNA segment extending rightward to the attP site. This region was found to be essential for integration of plasmids containing the attP site.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Activity spectrum of micrococcal and staphylococcal phages.

The activity spectrum of 4 polyvalent Staph. aureus-phages, of 22 phages from coagulase negative staphylococci and of 64 micrococcal phages was established on 20 Staph. aureus-strains, 116 coagulase-negative staphylococci and 142 micrococci. Staphylococcal phages showed to be only active on strains of the genus Staphylococcus and on cocci related to this genus. Micrococcal phages on the other hand lysed only micrococci.

Bacteriophage Typing↗