SEXUAL STERILIZATION OF SCREW-WORM FLIES BY THE BIOLOGICAL ALKYLATING AGENTS, TRETAMINE AND THIOTEPA.
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From October 1979 to April 1982 forty two women with previous tubal ligations presented themselves at the Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Giessen with a high desire of restoration of their fertility. With questionaires and partly structured interviews these women were evaluated at the Centre for Psychosomatic Medicine in Giessen. The results largely confirm previous findings known in the literature regarding the background of tubal ligations in women with desire for restoration of fertility. Most of the patients (N = 37) had the sterilization performed under conditions which are known to have an adverse prognostic effect such as sterilization for medical indications in ten women, sterilization during a marital crisis in eighteen women, and sterilization in conjunction with a therapeutic abortion, confinement or a gynaecological operation in twenty eight women. The psychodynamics of women with a desire for restoration of fertility show two main groups. First: in twenty five women a sterilization and desire for restoration of fertility are an effort to resolve a specific conflict in their marital relationship inasmuch as a new infant should serve as a bonding function and documentation of the new partnership. Second: in sixteen patients sterilization and desire for refertilization are a symptom of an unresolved conflict of the role as woman and mother. The new infant or the restoration of fertility should eliminate the narcistic deficit suffered by the sterilization or restore the self esteem which suffered a female identity blow by the sterilization. Implications of these findings for the counselling practice are discussed.
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Sexual sterilization is legal when it is an integral part of a procedure for the preservation of the life or health of a patient. Done for other reasons it may not be illegal, but this has not been tested in Canadian courts. It is, broadly speaking, a surgical procedure; it is commonly, but not always, successful; complications, while rare, do occur; the results tend to be irreversible. The same end, the prevention of pregnancy, may be attained by other methods which are safer, less liable to complications, less permanent and so should be used unless contraindicated. Patients' statements that they do not like contraceptives should not be accepted as a reason for sterilization. Sexual sterilization should be reserved for those occasions when it is necessary for the preservation of the health or life of the individual who is to be sterilized.
In this article, the author examines the campaign leading up to the passage of the Sexual Sterilization Act in Alberta in 1928. The author asserts that the passage of this Act was the result of the influence of a few elite individuals, particularly those involved with the United Farm Women of Alberta social reform movement, and may not have been reflective of widespread favourable public sentiment. While there were serious misgivings regarding the passage of the Sexual Sterilization Act, the legislation was ultimately successful because of the pressing problems of inadequate mental facilities and budgetary constraints. The author discusses the legislation's eventual repeal in 1972 due to public denunciation of eugenic measures, concerns about liability, and the threat posed to individual liberties. This article was the winner of the William Morrow Essay Contest in 1999.
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Supplementing earlier reports, the results on testing of the development of the personalities of 75 partners with involuntary infertility are reported. Some partners show correlations to the cause of infertility which support our opinion of the psychosomatic characteristics of infertility. It can be assumed that early influences from the development of the personality prepare for later infertility. The degree of these factors has a bearing on the treatment of the infertility. The pregnancy rate of the different factors investigated is described.
The control of insect populations by restricting their birth rate offers several advantages over methods based on increasing the death rate. The sterile-male technique scored practical success in the control of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), but more general applications of the sterility procedure may be expected in conjunction with the development of integrated procedures for pest insect management.
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