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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The search for synonyms among streptomycetes by using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins. Emendation of the species Streptomyces aurantiacus, Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, Streptomyces caeruleus and Streptomyces violaceus.

A collection of 93 Streptomyces reference strains were investigated using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins. Computer-assisted numerical analysis revealed 24 clusters encompassing strains with very similar protein profiles. Five of them grouped several type strains with visually identical patterns. DNA-DNA hybridizations revealed homology values higher than 70% among these type strains. According to the current species concept, it is proposed that Streptomyces albosporeus subsp. albosporeus LMG 19403T is considered as a subjective synonym of Streptomyces aurantiacus LMG 19358T, that Streptomyces aminophilus LMG 19319T is considered as a subjective synonym of Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi LMG 19320T, that Streptomyces niveus LMG 19395T and Streptomyces spheroides LMG 19392T are considered as subjective synonyms of Streptomyces caeruleus LMG 19399T, and that Streptomyces violatus LMG 19397T is considered as a subjective synonym of Streptomyces violaceus LMG 19360T.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Beta-lactamase genes of Streptomyces badius, Streptomyces cacaoi and Streptomyces fradiae: cloning and expression in Streptomyces lividans.

Genes encoding extracellular beta-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) of Gram-positive Streptomyces badius, Streptomyces cacaoi and Streptomyces fradiae have been cloned into Streptomyces lividans. The beta-lactamase gene of S. badius was initially isolated on a 7 kb BamHI fragment and further located on a 1300 bp DNA segment. An 11 kb BamHI fragment was isolated encompassing the S. cacaoi beta-lactamase gene, which was subcloned to a 1250 bp DNA fragment. The beta-lactamase gene of S. fradiae was cloned on an 8 kb BamHI fragment and mapped to a 4 kb DNA segment. Each of the three BamHI fragments encompassing the beta-lactamase genes hybridized to a BamHI fragment of the corresponding size in chromosomal DNA from the respective strain used for cloning. The activities of the three beta-lactamases were predominantly found to be extracellular in the S. lividans recombinants. The S. badius and S. cacaoi beta-lactamases exhibited a 10-100-times lower activity in S. lividans, whereas the S. fradiae beta-lactamase showed an approximately 10-fold higher activity in the cloned state, compared with the activities found in the original strains.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2003

Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea.

Three plant-pathogenic isolates of Streptomyces spp., isolated from potatoes with common scab disease lesions in Korea, are described as novel species. Morphological and physiological properties of these isolates were distinct from those of previously described Streptomyces species. Strain S63(T) has yellow-white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in monoverticillus flexuous spore-chains. Strain S77(T) has purple-red, spiny spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains. Strain S78(T) has white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains. These three isolates differed from known pathogenic strains by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in a previous study. Furthermore, genetic uniqueness of our isolates was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which indicated that isolates S63(T) and S78(T) belong to the genus Streptomyces and have low homology to other Streptomyces species (less than 71.2 and 75.7 %, respectively). The 16S-23S ITS region of strain S77(T) was not amplified by these primer sets. DNA-DNA hybridization results for all three isolates show distant relationships to previously described Streptomyces species; therefore, on the basis of polyphasic evidence, the names Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov. for strain S63(T) (=LMG 21390(T)=KACC 20252(T)), Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. for strain S77(T) (=LMG 21391(T)=KACC 20253(T)) and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov. for strain S78(T) (=LMG 21392(T)=KACC 20254(T)) are proposed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Classification of novel soil streptomycetes as Streptomyces aureus sp. nov., Streptomyces laceyi sp. nov. and Streptomyces sanglieri sp. nov.

The taxonomic positions of soil isolates known as Streptomyces groups A, B and C were clarified. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence studies indicated that representatives of all three taxa formed distinct phyletic lines within the Streptomyces tree though the group A strains were shown to be related to Streptomyces griseus and associated validly described species. The taxonomic integrity of all three groups was highlighted by DNA:DNA relatedness and ribotype data though the group A strains encompassed a higher degree of genetic variation than the group B and C strains. In light of these and earlier phenotypic data it is proposed that Streptomyces groups A, B and C be given species status as Streptomyces sanglieri sp. nov., Streptomyces aureus sp. nov. and Streptomyces laceyi sp. nov., respectively.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Cloning of midecamycin(MLS)-resistance genes from Streptomyces mycarofaciens, Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

DNA containing genes for midecamycin(Mdm)-resistance was cloned from Streptomyces mycarofaciens ATCC 21454 (mdmA gene), Streptomyces lividans 66 (lrm gene) and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The phenotype imparted to S. lividans and Streptomyces griseofuscus transformants by the cloned DNA segments indicates that they encode an MLS-type of resistance activity. The mdmA and lrm genes could be distinguished by the phenotype they conferred in S. lividans and S. griseofuscus, whereas the S. lividans lrm and S. coelicolor MLS genes appears to be identical on the basis of their restriction maps and behavior in S. lividans and S. griseofuscus. The DNA sequence of a 1.4-kb BamH I DNA fragment containing the mdmA gene indicates the presence of one complete orf whose deduced product exhibits a high similarity to the deduced product of the Streptomyces thermotolerans carB gene and several other bacterial MLS-resistance genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Production of a hybrid macrolide antibiotic in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces lividans by introduction of a cloned carbomycin biosynthetic gene from Streptomyces thermotolerans.

The structurally related macrolide antibiotics carbomycin (Cb) and spiramycin (Sp) are produced by Streptomyces thermotolerans and Streptomyces ambofaciens, respectively. Both antibiotics contain 16-membered lactone rings to which deoxysugars are attached. There are three sugars in Sp (forosamine, mycaminose and mycarose) and two sugars in Cb (mycaminose and a derivative of mycarose containing an isovaleryl group at position 4). We have identified the gene from S. thermotolerans (designated carE), which appears to encode an enzyme that acylates this mycarose sugar, and have shown that recombinant strains containing carE can use Sp as a substrate and convert it to the hybrid antibiotic, isovaleryl Sp (ivSp). Expression of carE was demonstrated in two heterologous hosts: in S. ambofaciens, where endogenously synthesized Sp was converted to ivSp, and in Streptomyces lividans where exogenously added Sp was converted to ivSp. The carE gene was isolated on a cosmid that also encodes genes required for Cb-lactone formation. These genes reside on a DNA segment of about 70 kb and are part of a Cb biosynthetic gene cluster that is flanked by two Cb-resistance genes, carA and carB. Mapping studies and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that carE is located at one end of this gene cluster, immediately adjacent to the carB gene. Genes carB and carE are transcribed convergently and may share a common transcriptional terminator sequence.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1989

High-level expression in Streptomyces lividans 66 of a gene encoding Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor from Streptomyces albogriseolus S-3253.

A secretory expression system for Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was established in a heterologous host, Streptomyces lividans 66, by introducing the 1.8-kbp BglII/SalI fragment containing SSI gene into the Streptomyces multicopy vector, pIJ 702. The expression of SSI did not depend on the orientation of the 1.8-kbp BglII/SalI fragment or on the promoter for tyrosinase gene (mel) in pIJ 702, which suggested that this fragment also carries the SSI promoter. The expressed SSI in S.lividans 66 was secreted into the culture medium in a large amount, as observed with the original strain, S. albogriseolus S-3253. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the SSI secreted from S. lividans 66 contained three additional amino acid residues in the NH2-terminal region. The inhibitory activity toward subtilisin BPN' and the antigenic activity of the SSI secreted from S. lividans 66 were found to be identical with those of authentic SSI.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

A novel Streptomyces gene, samR, with different effects on differentiation of Streptomyces ansochromogenes and Streptomyces coelicolor.

A 1.4-kb DNA fragment from Streptomyces ansochromogenes accelerated mycelium formation of S. ansochromogenes when present on a multicopy plasmid. The DNA fragment contains one complete open reading frame, designated samR, encoding a protein with 213 amino acids that contains a likely DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif close to its N-terminus. The deduced SamR protein resembles the product of the hppR gene, which is involved in the regulation of catabolism of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionate in Rhodococcus globerulus. A samR disruption mutant was constructed that presented a bald phenotype and failed to form aerial hyphae and spores. We suggest that samR plays an important role in the emergence of aerial hyphae from substrate mycelium. An almost identical gene of Streptomyces coelicolor was also subjected to gene disruption. Surprisingly, the mutant was able to develop an aerial mycelium, but it remained white and deficient in sporulation instead of forming gray spores.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Penicillin-binding proteins of Streptomyces cacaoi, Streptomyces olivaceus, and Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Penicillin-binding proteins of three Streptomyces strains, S. cacaoi, S. olivaceus, and S. clavuligerus, were examined by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. In a beta-lactamase producer, S. cacaoi, at least five membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins were detected, but in two beta-lactam producers, S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus, fewer penicillin-binding proteins were detected. Mecillinam and methicillin bound selectively to some penicillin-binding proteins in S. cacaoi, whereas they did not bind at all to those in S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus. Clavulanic acid bound to penicillin-binding proteins only at a very high concentration in S. cacoi. This compound did not bind to those of S. olivaceus and S. clavuligerus. Penicillin-binding proteins in culture supernatant and cytoplasm and minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains against benzylpenicillin were also examined.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed2003

Taxonomic re-evaluation of whorl-forming Streptomyces (formerly Streptoverticillium) species by using phenotypes, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequences of gyrB, and proposal of Streptomyces luteireticuli (ex Katoh and Arai 1957) corrig., sp. nov., nom. rev.

The taxonomic status of 64 strains of whorl-forming Streptomyces (formerly Streptoverticillium) species was re-evaluated and strains were reclassified on the basis of their phenotypes, DNA-DNA hybridization data and partial sequences of gyrB, the structural gene of the B subunit of DNA gyrase. These strains, which consisted of 46 species and eight subspecies with validly published names and 13 species whose names have not been validly published [including 10 strains examined by the International Streptomyces Project (ISP)], were divided into two groups, namely typical and atypical whorl-forming Streptomyces species, based on their phenotypes and gyrB gene sequences. The typical whorl-forming species (59 strains) were divided into six major clusters of three or more species, seven minor clusters of two species and five single-member clusters, based on the threshold value of 97 % gyrB sequence similarity. Major clusters were typified by Streptomyces abikoensis, Streptomyces cinnamoneus, Streptomyces distallicus, Streptomyces griseocarneus, Streptomyces hiroshimensis and Streptomyces netropsis. Phenotypically, members of each cluster resembled each other closely except for the S. distallicus cluster, which was divided phenotypically into the S. distallicus and Streptomyces stramineus subclusters, and the S. netropsis cluster, which was divided into the S. netropsis and Streptomyces eurocidicus subclusters. Strains in each minor cluster closely resembled each other phenotypically. DNA-DNA relatedness between the representative species and others in each major cluster and/or subcluster, and between strains in the minor clusters, was >70 %, indicating that the major clusters and/or subclusters and the minor clusters each comprise a single species. It was concluded that 59 strains of typical whorl-forming Streptomyces species consisted of the following 18 species, including subjective synonym(s): S. abikoensis, Streptomyces ardus, Streptomyces blastmyceticus, S. cinnamoneus, S. eurocidicus, S. griseocarneus, S. hiroshimensis, Streptomyces lilacinus, 'Streptomyces luteoreticuli', Streptomyces luteosporeus, Streptomyces mashuensis, Streptomyces mobaraensis, Streptomyces morookaense, S. netropsis, Streptomyces orinoci, S. stramineus, Streptomyces thioluteus and Streptomyces viridiflavus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Taxonomic status of Kitasatosporia, and proposed unification with Streptomyces on the basis of phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis and emendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL.

Species classified within the genus Kitasatosporia share many of the phenotypic characteristics typical of streptomycetes. By using a probabilistic identification scheme, they were identified with Streptomyces exfoliatus cluster 5, a species group within Streptomyces. The four species studied hybridized with a 16S rRNA genus probe for Streptomyces spp., indicating a close relationship between the two genera. The kitasatosporias were resistant to selected polyvalent streptomycete phages tested. Quantitative analysis showed that meso-diaminopimelic acid varied from 49 to 89% in Kitasatosporia species and from 1 to 16% in Streptomyces species depending on growth conditions. On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis, it is proposed to reduce Kitasatosporia to synonymy with Streptomyces. As a result, the new names proposed are Streptomyces mediocidicus comb. nov., Streptomyces phosalacineus comb. nov., Streptomyces setae comb. nov., and Streptomyces griseolosporeus comb. nov., nom. nov.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Streptomyces xingningensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces rhizosphaerae sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera.

Two novel actinobacteria strains, designated YCB024T and YCB041T, were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of Camellia oleifera collected from Xingning City, Guangdong Province, PR China. Both strains exhibited mycelial filaments and intertwined hyphal cells. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain YCB024T exhibited the highest 98.8% 16S rRNA gene similarity with Streptomyces yogyakartensis NBRC 100779T, Streptomyces javensis NBRC 100777T and Streptomyces violaceusniger NBRC 13459T, and strain YCB041T exhibited the highest 98.9% similarity with Streptomyces albospinus NBRC 13846T. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among the two strains and their closely related species indicated that they were clearly different from other known Streptomyces species. The draft genome sizes of the two strains were 6.9 Mbp and 9.5 Mbp with DNA G+C contents of 70.4 mol% and 71.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids in strain YCB024T included iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0, and strain YCB041T included iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids of the two strains were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside or unidentified aminophospholipid. The respiratory quinones of both strains included MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-10 (H4). Based on phylogenetic analysis, ANI and dDDH values, physiological and chemical properties, strains YCB024T and YCB041T represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces xingningensis sp. nov. (type strain YCB024T=GDMCC 4.314T=JCM 36249T) and Streptomyces rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain YCB041T=GDMCC 4.469T=JCM 38170T) are proposed, respectively.

Streptomyces↗
PubMed1986

Clavamycins, new clavam antibiotics from two variants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. II. Isolation and structures of clavamycins A, B and C from Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 15846, and of clavamycins D, E and F from Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 15879.

Clavamycins A, B, C, D, E and F represent new members of the clavam antibiotics group. Their purification was achieved by a variety of preparative chromatographic methods, essentially on reversed phase carrier. The structures were deduced from spectroscopic properties, especially from extensive NMR studies.

Antifungal Agents↗