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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Neonatal sucking behaviors.

Neonatal sucking responses or behaviors have been of great interest to researchers and clinicians since the early 1800s. Since 1960, there has been a resurgence of interest in the objective study of sucking behaviors in both the psychological and medical literature. The studies have examined both nutritive and non-nutritive sucking measurements. Sucking behaviors have been studied to understand the development of the feeding mechanism as well as to track neurobehavioral development. The relationship between sucking behaviors and behavioral organization of the newborn are considered, along with a historical perspective of sucking measurements, relevant literature on nutritive sucking, physiologic correlates, differences in breast and bottle feeding patterns, non-nutritive sucking, and factors that modify sucking organization. Implications for nursing practice will be discussed.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasonographic analysis of sucking behavior of newborn infants: the driving force of sucking pressure.

The sucking behaviors of 15 low-risk full-term newborns were observed with ultrasonography and a special device directly measuring sucking pressure. In this study, the sequential changes in the movement of a tongue and other intra-oral structures and the sequential changes of the sucking pressure were successfully examined simultaneously. It was indicated that sucking pressure could be generated by sequential changes of an intra-oral volume caused by a peristalsis of the tongue in the sucking behavior.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Neonatal narcotic abstinence: Effects of pharmacotherapeutic agents and maternal drug usage on nutritive sucking behavior.

An uncoordinated and ineffectual sucking reflex is a major manifestation of neonatal narcotic abstinence and may have important consequences for the infant's subsequent well being. Measures of nutritive sucking were used to monitor the severity of neonatal narcotic abstinence in a series of infants born to narcotic-dependent mothers who were either attending the methadone clinic or else were "street addicts." In all these infants, sucking measures were significantly reduced relative to normal control subjects. Furthermore, the sucking behavior of infants born to mothers attending the methadone clinic was significantly more depressed than that of infants born to street addicts. In regard to the salutary effects of pharmacotherapy for neonatal narcotic abstinence, infants treated with paregoric approached normal control levels and showed significantly better sucking than those treated with phenobarbital or diazepam. The latter drug practically eliminated all spontaneous nutritive sucking behavior.

Diazepam↗
PubMed1995

[Sucking behavior of normal full-term and low-risk preterm infants].

The sucking behavior of infants was analyzed by taking pictures using a fiberscope. The pictures were taken from inside an artificial nipple when a baby was sucking. The recording was carried out on babies of between 38 and 40 weeks gestational age. The subjects were 20 normal full term infants and 20 low-risk preterm infants. Individual differences were found, but it was possible to abstract the common components of the sucking behavior. The main components studied were the degree of adhesiveness of the lips to the breast for forming an airtight closure, the degree to which the tongue wraps the nipple, the width of the peristaltic tongue movements, and 6 other components. Each component was measured on a 3 point scale, where 1 is poor, 2 is good and 3 is excellent. The total score for each subject was determined by adding the scores for all nine components. The overall score for each infant indicates a level of individual sucking behavior. After the scale was compiled, the level of the sucking behavior of normal full term infants and that of low-risk preterm infants were assessed. The result showed significant discrepancies between the two groups. Low-risk preterm infants had lower overall scores than normal full term infants, and this difference was seen in all nine components.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Sucking behavior at breast during the early newborn period affects later breast-feeding rate and duration of breast-feeding.

BACKGROUND: One of the objectives of health-workers is to help increase the rate and duration of breast-feeding. It could become a helpful tool if babies sucking behavior at breast in the early neonatal period could predict babies at risk of short-term breast-feeding. The aims of this study are: to determine the prevalence of a range of sucking behaviors at breast in the early neonatal period in Japan; to determine if sucking behavior in the early neonatal period affects the later breast-feeding rate; and to clarify reasons for ceasing breast-feeding for each sucking behavior. METHODS: A total of 1582 mothers of infants aged 6-12 months were surveyed. The questionnaire asked mothers their interpretation from memory of the sucking behavior of their infants in the early neonatal period. Mothers were asked to choose one out of five defined types (barracudas, excited ineffectives, procrastinators, gourmets and resters) and others. The study also included questions about the type of feeding (i.e. full, partial). Finally mothers were questioned about the time of and reasons for ceasing breast-feeding. RESULTS: Sufficient responses to the questionnaires were given by 1474 mothers (93.2%). The remainder of mothers questioned (108, 6.8%) did not provide appropriate answers. The babies whose mothers selected 'Barracudas' as the sucking behavior which best described their babies breast-feeding showed the largest number of full breast-feeding. These babies also displayed the highest breast-feeding rate all the time. The 'Procrastinators' type showed the lowest overall rate of breast-feeding. The Chi-square test revealed that sucking behavior in the early neonatal period affects the breast-feeding rate at 3 and 6 months of age (P < 0.001). The reasons for ceasing breast-feeding observed in all subtypes were perceived shortage of milk volume and elder children's anger and jealousy. CONCLUSION: Based on the sucking behavior at breast in the early neonatal period, it is possible to predict babies at risk for short-term breast-feeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and various occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition. Sucking behavior data were collected on 372 children followed longitudinally from birth by using periodic questionnaires completed by parents. Study models were obtained from the children at 4 to 5 years of age and assessed for posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and overjet. Dental arch parameters including arch widths, arch lengths, and arch depths were measured directly from the models. The subjects were grouped according to type of habit (pacifier or digit) and duration of nonnutritive sucking behaviors (less than 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, 36 to 48, and more than 48 months). Children with nonnutritive sucking of less than 12 months were further grouped according to the duration of breast-feeding. The dental arch and the occlusal characteristics were then compared among these groups. The results indicated no relationship between duration of breast-feeding during the first year of life and any dental arch or occlusal parameters. The study found that prolonged pacifier habits resulted in changes to the dental arches and the occlusal parameters that were different from the effects of digit sucking. In addition, some changes in the dental arch parameters and occlusal characteristics (eg, prevalence of posterior crossbite and increased amount of overjet) persisted well beyond the cessation of the pacifier or digit habit. Although further study is needed to determine the effects of nonnutritive sucking behavior in the mixed dentition, the results suggest that current recommendations for discontinuing these habits may not be optimal in preventing habit-related malocclusions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Development of sucking behavior in infants who have not been fed for 2 months after birth.

BACKGROUND: Term infants are able to develop sucking behavior after birth. However, the requirements for this development have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether an oral-feed practice is necessary for the development of sucking behavior and whether non-nutritive sucking could support the development of this behavior while the infants cannot be fed. METHODS: Subjects of the present study were four term or near-term infants who had never been fed orally for approximately 2 months after birth because of gastrointestinal problems. Sucking pressure was measured with a silicone tube inserted into an artificial nipple and sucking efficiency was calculated during an entire feeding. RESULTS: Sucking pressure, frequency and duration at the first time oral feed corresponded to values obtained for normal-term infants at their first oral feed. Although infants who had not received oral feeding demonstrated poor sucking abilities initially, sucking performance improved with practice. Sucking parameters measured 1 month since oral feeding was initiated in these infants corresponded to values obtained for normal-term infants at 1 month of age. Although infants who had not received oral feeding had often sucked a pacifier for sedation, this non-nutritive sucking did not result in the development of sucking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that an oral feeding practice is necessary for the development of sucking behavior and that non-nutritive sucking does not affect the development of sucking.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed2001

Development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome. The sucking behavior of 14 infants with Down's syndrome was consecutively studied at 1, 4, 8 and 12 mo of age. They were free from complications that may cause sucking difficulty. The sucking pressure, expression pressure, frequency and duration were measured. In addition, an ultrasound study during sucking was performed in sagittal planes. Although levels of the sucking pressure and duration were in the normal range, significant development occurred with time. Ultrasonographic images showed deficiency in the smooth peristaltic tongue movement. CONCLUSION: The sucking deficiency in Down's syndrome may result from not only hypotonicity of the perioral muscles, lips and masticatory muscles, but also deficiency in the smooth tongue movement. This approach using the sucking pressure waveform and ultrasonography can help in the examination of the development of sucking behavior, intraoral movement and therapeutic effects.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-nutritive sucking behaviors in preschool children: a longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: Prolonged duration of non-nutritive sucking behaviors may have consequences in regard to the developing orofacial structures and occlusion. Little is known as to why some children have prolonged sucking habits beyond the first 2 to 3 years of life. This paper reports on non-nutritive sucking patterns among a large cohort of healthy children from birth to 36 months of age and older, and identifies factors predictive of prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits. METHODS: Over 600 children were followed from birth to at least 36 months of age using mailed questionnaires sent when children reached the ages of 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, and 24 months, and then yearly thereafter. Parents answered questions concerning non-nutritive sucking behaviors including use of pacifier and digit sucking. The study categorized children who maintained habits to 36 months of age or older as having prolonged habits, and using multivariate analyses, compared them to children without prolonged habits on various sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: The study found that for over 20% of the children, a non-nutritive sucking habit was prolonged to 36 months of age or older. Factors associated with prolonged sucking habits included older maternal age, higher maternal education level, and having no older siblings. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying factors related to prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits may be important in developing and targeting recommendations regarding such behaviors in an effort to prevent malocclusions that result from prolonged sucking habits.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal heart rate response during newborn sucking behavior study: subsequent sudden infant death syndrome with cardiac conduction abnormality.

This report concerns a four-month-old white female infant who exhibited abnormal feeding behavior and EKG irregularities during a newborn sucking behavior study. The immediate post-birth history showed an irregular heart rate on two occasions, but a cardiac consultation elicited no unusual findings. During sucrose sucking conditions, the heart rate increased with a beat-to-beat variation of 50 beats per minute, noted to be due to premature atrial beats. At 39 days, an EKG showed a marked sinus tachycardia of 156, a PR interval of 0.08, QRS of 0.05 and a QT of 0.26. The infant was diagnosed as a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) following an unexpected death at home. Subsequent cardiac pathology revealed an anomalous tract between the right atrium and the atrioventricular (AV) bundle which formed an extensive bypass of the AV node (atrio-His tract), and two accessory AV connections between the left atrium and posterior left ventricle. These findings are consistent with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type A. Only further studies can determine whether such abnormal feeding behavior with EKG irregularities can be used to identify infants who are at high risk for sudden death.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2003

Soft palate movement during sucking behavior.

To clarify the aspects and role of oropharyngeal closure, soft palate movements during sucking were observed and then assessed by electromyographic and fluoroscopic analyses. Three patterns of sucking movements by the palatoglossus and levator veli palatini muscles were analyzed with electromyographic means in seven healthy adults. Furthermore, a forced sucking maneuver, which required special effort to produce a strong sucking pressure by opening the jaw, was analyzed using lateral fluoroscopy in three of the subjects. During all tested sucking movements, the palatoglossus muscle showed continuous activity. The levator veli palatini muscle did not show remarkable activity during regular air sucking or water sucking when water was held in the oral cavity. However, its participation increased when intraoral sucking pressure was increased by opening the jaw, and lateral fluoroscopic examinations revealed that the soft palate was pulled toward the oral cavity to form a tight contact between the rostral portion of the soft palate and the retrotongue, causing the soft palate to make an "L" shape. The palatoglossus muscle plays a major role in palatal movement during sucking. Furthermore, the levator veli palatini muscle, whose activity was observed only during high-pressure sucking with an open jaw, may act to maintain tension in the soft palate against strong negative pressure in the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sucking behaviors of normal 3-day-old female neonates during a 24-hr period.

Feeding behaviors were measured during six feeding sessions distributed throughout a 24-hr period in 10 normal 3-day-old female infants. Infants were individually videotaped during feeding sessions at 13:00, 17:00, 21:00, 01:00, 05:00, and 09:00 hours. Total mealtime, nutritive sucking time, pause time, number of nutritive sucks, and amount of nutrient consumed were measured. None of these feeding variables were affected by the time of day an infant was fed. Maternal interactions with their infants such as auditory stimulation, caretaking touches or tender touches were unaffected by the time of a feed. These maternal behaviors did not correlate with any of the feeding variables. These findings suggest that 3-day-old infants experiencing routine nursery care do not express specific day-night feeding differences and that certain maternal behaviors do not influence the infants' feeding pattern.

Feeding Behavior↗